Deracoxib

{{Short description|NSAID analgesic veterinary drug}} {{Drugbox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 460777139 | IUPAC_name = 4-[3-(Difluoromethyl)-5-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl] benzenesulfonamide | image = Deracoxib.svg | image_class = skin-invert-image | image2 = Deracoxib molecule ball.png | image_class2 = bg-transparent | width2 = 220 | alt2 = Ball-and-stick model of the deracoxib molecule

| tradename = Deramaxx | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|international|deracoxib}} | pregnancy_category = | legal_status = Veterinary prescription only | routes_of_administration = Oral

| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} | CAS_number = 169590-41-4 | ATCvet = yes | ATC_prefix = M01 | ATC_suffix = AH94 | PubChem = 3058754 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEBI = 73032 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 2319853 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = VX29JB5XWV | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 28636

| C=17 | H=14 | F=3 | N=3 | O=3 | S=1 | smiles = O=S(=O)(c3ccc(n1nc(cc1c2ccc(OC)c(F)c2)C(F)F)cc3)N | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C17H14F3N3O3S/c1-26-16-7-2-10(8-13(16)18)15-9-14(17(19)20)22-23(15)11-3-5-12(6-4-11)27(21,24)25/h2-9,17H,1H3,(H2,21,24,25) | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = WAZQAZKAZLXFMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N }}

'''Deracoxib''' (trade name '''Deramaxx''') is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the coxib class, used in dogs to treat pain associated with osteoarthritis, or to prevent pain following orthopedic or dental surgery. It is available as beef-flavored tablets.<ref name="DVM360 2002" />

== Medical uses == Deracoxib is used in dogs for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis and for the prevention of pain following orthopedic surgery or dental procedures.<ref name="Budsberg 2015">{{cite book| vauthors = Budsberg SC | veditors = Gaynor JS, Muir WW|title=Handbook of Veterinary Pain Management|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier Mosby|isbn=9780323222143|pages=142–160|edition=3rd|chapter=Chapter 8: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs}}</ref>

In cats, the use of deracoxib is not recommended.<ref name="Khan 2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Khan SA, McLean MK | title = Toxicology of frequently encountered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in dogs and cats | journal = The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice | volume = 42 | issue = 2 | pages = 289–306, vi-vii | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22381180 | doi = 10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.01.003 }}</ref>

== Contraindications == {{unreferenced section|date=August 2017}} Deracoxib is contraindicated for treatment of dogs with hypersensitivity to deracoxib or other NSAIDs, and dogs with gastro-intestinal ulcers, renal disease, hepatic disorders, hypoproteinemia, dehydration, or cardiac disease.

Dogs with renal disease may need dose adjustment (if the benefits of the medication outweigh the risks), while those on concurrent diuretic therapy are at increased risk for NSAID toxicity and should not be given this medication.

The concurrent use of deracoxib with steroids or other NSAIDs should be avoided. The safety of deracoxib has not been established in pregnant or nursing dogs or in dogs younger than 4 months of age.

== Adverse effects == The most common adverse effects of treatment with deracoxib are vomiting, anorexia, lethargy and depression.<ref name="Peterson 2013" /> Other adverse effects of deracoxib are caused by its effects on the gastrointestinal tract, and include erosions or ulcerations of the lining of the stomach or intestines.<ref name="Papich 2015">{{cite book| vauthors = Papich M |title=Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs: Small and Large Animal|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323244862|page=211|edition=4th|chapter=Deracoxib}}</ref>

Serious adverse effects, including ulcers which perforate the gastrointestinal tract, have occurred in dogs administered higher than recommended doses of deracoxib, or dogs administered deracoxib at the same time as (or soon after) other NSAIDs or corticosteroid medications.<ref name="Peterson 2013">{{cite book| vauthors = Peterson ME, Talcott PA |title=Small animal toxicology|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier|location=St. Louis, Mo.|isbn=9781455707171|pages=700–701|edition=3rd|chapter=Chapter 65: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatories. Deracoxib}}</ref>

Documented adverse side effects include serious and sometimes fatal organ system damage or failure.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.deramaxx.com/content/Clinic_Insert.pdf |title=DERAMAXX (deracoxib) | publisher = Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. |access-date=2011-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408222257/http://www.deramaxx.com/content/Clinic_Insert.pdf |archive-date=2011-04-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Deracoxib can cause increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in a dose-dependent manner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deramaxx™ (deracoxib) |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=eced868b-c101-425a-8c5c-1a23ea43152f |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=dailymed.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> Other side effects include increase in drinking or urination, jaundice, bloody or black stools, pale gums, hot spots, increased respiration (fast or heavy breathing), incoordination, and behavior changes.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

==Pharmacology== Deracoxib is a coxib class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).<ref name="Khan 2012" /> Like other NSAIDs, its effects are caused by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes.<ref name="Lees 2013">{{cite book | vauthors = Lees P | veditors = Riviere JE, Papich M |title=Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics|date=2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118685907|pages=457–492|edition=9th|chapter=Chapter 19: Analgesic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic drugs}}</ref> At the doses used to treat dogs, deracoxib causes greater inhibition of {{nobr|COX-2}} than of {{nobr|COX-1}},<ref name="Khan 2012" /> but at doses twice those recommended for use in dogs, deracoxib significantly inhibits {{nobr|COX-1}} as well.<ref name="Hanson 2008"/>

In dogs, the half-life of deracoxib at the recommended dose is three hours.<ref name="Hanson 2008">{{cite book| vauthors = Hanson PD, Maddison JE | veditors = Maddison JE, Page SW, Church DB |title=Small animal clinical pharmacology| url = https://archive.org/details/smallanimalclini00mrcv | url-access = limited |date=2008|publisher=Saunders/Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=9780702028588|pages=[https://archive.org/details/smallanimalclini00mrcv/page/n291 287]–308|edition=2nd|chapter=Chapter 13: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and chondroprotective agents}}</ref>

==Society and culture== In the U.S., deracoxib was first approved for use in dogs in 2002, under the trade name Deramaxx chewable tablets, sold by Novartis Animal Health.<ref name="DVM360 2002">{{cite news|title=Deramaxx tablets approved by the FDA as the first coxib class drug for veterinary use|url=http://veterinarynews.dvm360.com/deramaxx-tablets-approved-fda-first-coxib-class-drug-veterinary-use | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170813063636/http://veterinarynews.dvm360.com/deramaxx-tablets-approved-fda-first-coxib-class-drug-veterinary-use | archive-date = 13 August 2017 |publisher=dvm360.com|date=1 October 2002|access-date=2017-08-12}}</ref>

== References == {{Reflist}}

Category:Dog medications Category:Pyrazoles Category:Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors Category:Drugs developed by Novartis Category:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Category:Difluoromethyl compounds Category:Sulfonamides Category:Fluoroarenes