{{Short description|Consonantal sound}} {{redirect|Alveolar implosive|the voiceless consonant|Voiceless alveolar implosive}} {{Infobox IPA |ipa symbol=ɗ |ipa number=162 |decimal=599 |x-sampa=d_< |imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0257.svg |braille=236 |braille2=d }}
A '''voiced alveolar implosive''' is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɗ }}. The IPA symbol is lowercase letter ''d'' with a rightward hook protruding from the upper right of the letter.
A '''voiced dental implosive''' may be found in the Jhangvi dialect of Punjabi and has the symbol {{Angbr IPA|ɗ̪}}.<ref name="Jhangvi">{{Harvcoltxt|Shackle|1976|p=23}}; {{Harvcoltxt|Bahl|1936|p=28}}</ref>
==Features== Features of a voiced alveolar implosive:
{{plosive}} {{alveolar}} {{voiced}} {{oral}} {{Median articulation}} {{implosive}}
==Occurrence==
=== Alveolar === {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes <!---|- | Arabic || Bahrani Arabic || {{lang|abv|rtl=yes|دار}} || {{IPA|[ɗaːr]|lang=abv}} || 'house' || Corresponds to {{IPAblink|d}} in Standard Arabic and other varieties. See Arabic phonology--> |- | Cia-Cia || {{lang|cia|아'''티'''}} / {{transliteration|cia|A'''dh'''i}} || {{IPA|[aɗi]|lang=cia}} || 'Adi' || Adi is a name. |- | Ega<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Connell|Ahoua|Gibbon|2002|p=100}}</ref> || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[ɗá]|lang=ega}} || 'hide' || |- | Fula || {{lang|ff-Latn|'''ɗ'''i'''ɗ'''i}}/{{lang|ff-Adlm|𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭}} / {{lang|ff-Arab|'''ﻃِﻂِ'''}}|| {{IPA|[ɗiɗi]|lang=ff}} || 'two' || |- | Goemai || {{lang|ank|'''ḍ'''al}} || {{IPA|[ɗal]|lang=ank}} || 'to swallow' || |- | Hausa || {{lang|ha|'''ɗ'''ai'''ɗ'''ai}} / {{lang|ha-Arab|rtl=yes|'''طَ'''ﯿْ'''ﻄَ'''ﯽْ}}|| {{IPA|[ɗei̯ɗei̯]|lang=ha}} || 'one at a time' || |- | Jamaican Patois<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Devonish|Harry|2004|p=456}}</ref> || {{lang|jam|'''d'''em}} || {{IPA|[ɗem]|lang=jam}} || 'them' || Allophone of {{IPAslink|d}} in the onset of prominent syllables. |- | Kalabari<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Harry|2003|p=113}}</ref> || {{lang|ijn|'''ḍ'''a}} || {{IPA|[ɗà]|lang=ijn}} || 'father' || |- | Karajá || {{lang|kpj-Latn|'''t'''i}} || {{IPA|[ɗi]|lang=kpj}} || 'bone' || |- | Khmer || {{lang|km|ដប់}}/{{Transliteration|km|'''d'''áb}} || {{IPA|[ɗɑp]}} || 'ten' || |- | Konso<ref>{{Cite book |last=Orkaydo |first=Ongaye Oda |title=A Grammar of Konso |year=2013 |pages=11}}</ref> || {{lang|kxc|ba'''d'''}} || {{IPA|[ɓaɗ]|lang=kxc}} || 'to hide' || |- |Kwaza<ref>{{Citation |last=Voort |first=Hein van der |title=A Grammar of Kwaza |date=2008-08-22 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110197280/html?lang=en |access-date=2024-03-13 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |language=en |doi=10.1515/9783110197280 |isbn=978-3-11-019728-0|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ||{{lang|xwa|'''d'''e'''d'''a}} || {{IPA|[ɗe'ɗa]|lang=xwa}} || 'snake' || Analyzed as {{IPA|/d/|lang=xwa}}. |- | Mono<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Olson|2004|p=233}}</ref> || {{lang|mnh|ku'''‘d'''a}} || {{IPA|[kūɗā]|lang=mnh}} || 'debt' || |- | Ongota || colspan="2" align=center | {{IPA|[ɡaːɗa]|lang=bxe}} || 'dull' || |- | Parkari Koli || {{lang|kvx-Arab|rtl=yes|وا'''ۮ'''ۯون}} || {{IPA|[vaːɗaɭuːn]|lang=kvx}} || ' clouds |- | Paumarí<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Everett|2003|p=23}}</ref> || {{lang|pad|'bo'''{{`}}d'''a}} || {{IPA|[ɓoɗa]|lang=pad}} || 'old' || |- | Serer<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Mc Laughlin|2005|p=100}}</ref> || {{lang|srr|bi'''ɗ'''}} / {{lang|srr-Arab|rtl=yes|ﺑِ'''ﻂْ'''}} || {{IPA|[biɗ]|lang=srr}} || 'flower' || Contrasts {{IPA|/ɓ̥, ɗ̥, ʄ̊, ɓ, ɗ, ʄ/|lang=srr}}. |- | Sindhi || {{lang|sd-Arab|rtl=yes|'''ڏ'''ر}} || {{IPA|[ɗarʊ]|lang=sd}} || 'crevice' || |- | Shona || {{lang|sn|ku'''d'''a'''d'''a}} || {{IPA|[kuɗaɗa]|lang=sn}} || 'prideful and pompous' || |- | Tera<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Tench|2007|p=228}}</ref> || {{lang|ttr|'''ɗ'''ana}} || {{IPA|[ɗàna]|lang=ttr}} || 'to talk' || |- | Tukang Besi || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[piɗi]|lang=khc}} || 'rubbish' || |- | Vietnamese<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Thompson|1959|pp=458–461}}</ref> || {{lang|vi|'''đ'''uôi}} || {{IPA|[ɗuəj]|lang=vi}} || 'tail' || See Vietnamese phonology. |- | Wadiyara Koli || colspan="3" align="center" | {{example needed|date=November 2022}} || Contrasts {{IPA|/ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ/|lang=kxp}}. |- | Wambule || {{lang|wme|डि॒}} || {{IPA|[ɗi]|lang=wme}} || 'name' || |- | Standard Zhuang || {{lang|za|'''nd'''a}} || {{IPA|[ɗa]|lang=za}} || 'set' || |}
=== Dental === {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes |- | Jhangvi dialect<ref name="Jhangvi" /> || colspan="3" align="center" | {{Example needed|date=September 2024}} || |}
==See also== * Index of phonetics articles * Voiceless alveolar implosive
==Notes== {{reflist}}
==References== {{refbegin}} *{{citation |last=Bahl |first=Parmanand |title=Étude de phonetique historique et experimentale des consonnes injectives du Multani, dialecte panjabi occidental |location=Paris |publisher=Adrien-Maisonneuve |date=1936 }} *{{citation |last1=Connell |first1=Bruce |last2=Ahoua |first2=Firmin |last3=Gibbon |first3=Dafydd |year=2002 |title=Ega |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=99–104 |doi=10.1017/S002510030200018X |doi-access=free }} *{{citation |author1-last=Devonish |author1-first=Hubert |author2-last=Harry |author2-first=Otelamate G. |year=2004 |editor1-last=Kortmann |editor1-first=Bernd |editor2-last=Schneider |editor2-first=Edgar W. |chapter=Jamaican phonology |title=A Handbook of Varieties of English |volume=1 |series=phonology |pages=441–471 |place=Berlin |publisher=Mouton De Gruyter }} *{{citation |last=Everett |first=Daniel L. |date=2003 |title=Iambic Feet in Paumari and the Theory of Foot Structure |journal=Linguistic Discovery |volume=2 |issue=1 |doi=10.1349/ps1.1537-0852.a.263 |issn=1537-0852 |doi-access=free }} *{{citation |last=Harry |first=Otelemate |year=2003 |title=Kalaḅarị-Ịjo |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=113–120 |doi=10.1017/S002510030300121X |doi-access=free }} *{{citation |last=Keer |first=Edward |year=1999 |title=Geminates, The OCP and The Nature of CON |publisher=Rutgers University }} *{{citation |last=Mc Laughlin |first=Fiona |year=2005 |title=Voiceless implosives in Seereer-Siin |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=201–214 |doi=10.1017/S0025100305002215 |s2cid=145717014 }} *{{citation |last=Olson |first=Kenneth S. |year=2004 |title=Mono |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=233–238 |doi=10.1017/S0025100304001744 |url=http://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/11/37/52/113752932904084361138922206226269471614/Olson2004.pdf |doi-access=free }} *{{citation |last=Shackle |first=Christopher |author-link=Christopher Shackle |title=The Siraiki language of central Pakistan: a reference grammar |date=1976 |location=London |publisher=School of Oriental and African Studies }} *{{citation |last=Tench |first=Paul |year=2007 |title=Tera |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=228–234 |doi=10.1017/s0025100307002952 |doi-access=free }} * {{citation |last=Thompson |first=Laurence |year=1959 |title=Saigon phonemics |journal=Language |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=454–476 |doi=10.2307/411232 |jstor=411232 }} {{refend}}
==External links== * {{phoible|ɗ}}
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Category:Alveolar consonants Category:Implosives Category:Median consonants Category:Voiced oral consonants