Darugha

{{Short description|Territorial subdivision in the Mongol Empire}}{{Italic title}} '''''Darugha''''' ({{langx|ba|даруга}}, {{langx|tt-Cyrl|даруга|translit=daruğa}}, from Mongol: ''daru-'', 'to press, to seal'<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ergene|first1=Boğaç A.|title=Judicial Practice: Institutions and Agents in the Islamic World|date=2009|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-9-00417-934-9|page=271|quote=Darugha - the word is derived from the Mongol daru-, 'to press, to seal' and was used to denote a chief in the Mongol feudal hierarchy (...)}}</ref>) was a territorial subdivision in the Mongol Empire. A ''darugha'' was ruled by a ''darughachi''.

==History== It was a territorial subdivision in the Mongol Empire.

Later, the term was used for the province, particularly in Kazan and the Siberian Khanates in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was used in the Turkic-populated parts of the Russian Empire in the 16th to 18th centuries.<ref>{{TES|Даруга}}</ref> In Safavid Iran, it was a title meaning ''prefect''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mikaberidze|first1=Alexander|title=Historical Dictionary of Georgia|date=2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-44224-146-6|page=95}}</ref> One of the many Safavid ''darughas'' was Mirman Mirimanidze.

In 1762, the Bashkir people controlled the Kazan, Nogai, Osin and Siberian ''darughas''.<ref>Rychkov Petr Ivanovich: "Topography of Orenburg" Russia St. Petersburg, 1762 page 93</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable (WP:NOTRS).|date=April 2024}}

In the Mughal Empire, a ''daroga'' was the title of a district police officer. This title was kept until the 20th century during the British Raj. thumb|Daruga Khanate of Kazan

In the Kazan Khanate, there were five darugs:

* Galician Daruga - (trade route to the Russians) * Alat Daruga - (trade route to the Cheremis Mari) * Arskaya Daruga - (trade route to the Ars Udmurts) * Zureya Daruga - (trade route to the Bulgar Chuvash) * Nogai Daruga - (trade route to the Kipchaks, Bashkir and Nogay)

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Sources== * {{cite Efron|Дарога или Даруга}}

Category:Government of Safavid Iran Category:Mongol Empire Category:Types of administrative division