Dapediidae

{{Short description|Extinct family of ray-finned fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Ladinian|Tithonian}} | image = Dapedium politum.jpg | image_caption = Fossil specimen of ''Dapedium politum'' | image2 = Dapedium pholidotumJW.png | image2_caption = Artist's reconstruction of ''Dapedium politum'' | taxon = Dapediidae | authority = Lehman, 1966 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = * {{Extinct}}''Aetheolepis'' * {{Extinct}}''Ameghinichthys''<ref name="Gouiric-Cavalli2024" /> * {{Extinct}}''Dandya'' * {{Extinct}}''Dapedium'' * {{Extinct}}''Guizhoubrachysomus'' * {{Extinct}}''Hemicalypterus'' * {{Extinct}}''Heterostrophus'' * {{Extinct}}''Paradapedium'' * {{Extinct}}''Sargodon'' * {{Extinct}}''Scopulipiscis'' * {{Extinct}}''Tetragonolepis'' }}

'''Dapediidae''' is an extinct family of holostean ray-finned fish, that lived from the Middle Triassic to the Late Jurassic (Ladinian to Tithonian).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cawley |first1=John J. |last2=Marramà |first2=Giuseppe |last3=Carnevale |first3=Giorgio |last4=Villafaña |first4=Jaime A. |last5=López‐Romero |first5=Faviel A. |last6=Kriwet |first6=Jürgen |date=February 2021 |title=Rise and fall of †Pycnodontiformes: Diversity, competition and extinction of a successful fish clade |journal=Ecology and Evolution |language=en |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=1769–1796 |doi=10.1002/ece3.7168 |issn=2045-7758 |pmc=7882952 |pmid=33614003}}</ref> They are noted for their relatively deep bodies and are thought to have been primarily durophagous.<ref name="Latimer2018" />

== Description and ecology == thumb|Morphological diversity and chronology of a number of dapediid genera|left Dapediids had deep, laterally flattened circular bodies covered in thick ganoid scales, which gave them a resemblance to the pycnodontiforms, a group they may or may not be related to.<ref name="Latimer2018" /> Their teeth were adapted towards a durophagous diet; some dapediids fed on hard-shelled invertebrates<ref name="Smithwick2015" /> such as ammonites and bivalves, though they may have also engaged in generalist scavenging.<ref name="Gouiric-Cavalli2024" /> At least one genus and possibly some other genera (''Hemicalypterus'' and possibly ''Dandya'') may have been herbivorous.<ref name="Gouiric-Cavalli2024" /><ref name="Gibson2016" />

== Classification == While universally agreed to be members of Neopterygii, their classification within this group has been subject to dispute, historically either being considered stem-teleosteomorphs or having affinities with Holostei (bowfins, gars and their extinct relatives).<ref name="Latimer2018" /> Studies from the end of the 2010s onwards have tended to support holostean affinities for the group.<ref name="Latimer2018" /><ref name="Gouiric-Cavalli2024" /><ref name="Xu2025" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Near |first=Thomas J. |last2=Thacker |first2=Christine E. |date=2024-04-18 |title=Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii) |url=https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-peabody-museum-of-natural-history/volume-65/issue-1/014.065.0101/Phylogenetic-Classification-of-Living-and-Fossil-Ray-Finned-Fishes-Actinopterygii/10.3374/014.065.0101.full |journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History |volume=65 |issue=1 |doi=10.3374/014.065.0101 |issn=0079-032X}}</ref> Their precise position within the group is disputed.<ref name="Latimer2018" /> Dapediids are often considered to be early diverging ginglymodians or more closely related to Ginglymodi (which contains the gars and their extinct relatives) than to Halecomorphi (which contains the bowfins and their extinct relatives).<ref name="Thies2016" /><ref name="Gibson2016" /> Some studies have resolved dapediids stem group representatives of the wider clade Holostei (making gars and bowfins more closely related to each other than to dapediids).<ref name="Latimer2018" /><ref name="López2018" /> A 2016 study suggested that Dapediidae should be placed in its own order, '''Dapediiformes.'''<ref name="Thies2016" /> In 2025 the Ladinian ''Guizhoubrachysomus'' was identified as an early-diverging dapediid, and Dapediidae was recovered within the ginglymodian order Semionotiformes as the sister group of Macrosemiidae.<ref name="Xu2025" />

== References == <references> <ref name="Gibson2016">{{cite journal |last1=Gibson |first1=S. Z. |title=Redescription and Phylogenetic Placement of †''Hemicalypterus weiri'' Schaeffer, 1967 (Actinopterygii, Neopterygii) from the Triassic Chinle Formation, Southwestern United States: New Insights into Morphology, Ecological Niche, and Phylogeny |journal=PLOS ONE |date=2016 |volume=11 |issue=9 |article-number=e0163657 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0163657|pmid=27657923 |pmc=5033578 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1163657G |doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name="Gouiric-Cavalli2024">{{Cite journal|last1=Gouiric-Cavalli |first1=S. |last2=Iglesias |first2=A. |last3=Cariglino |first3=B. |last4=Reguero |first4=M. A. |year=2024 |title=A Late Jurassic deep-bodied actinopterygian fish from Antarctica |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=467–483 |doi=10.4202/app.01158.2024 |doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name="Latimer2018">{{cite journal |last1=Latimer |first1=A. E. |last2=Giles |first2=S. |title=A giant dapediid from the Late Triassic of Switzerland and insights into neopterygian phylogeny |journal=Royal Society Open Science |date=2018 |volume=5 |issue=8 |article-number=180497 |doi=10.1098/rsos.180497|pmid=30225040 |pmc=6124034 |bibcode=2018RSOS....580497L |doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name="López2018">{{cite journal |last1=López-Arbarello |first1=A. |last2=Sferco |first2=E. |title=Neopterygian phylogeny: the merger assay |journal=Royal Society Open Science |date=2018 |volume=5 |issue=3 |article-number=172337 |doi=10.1098/rsos.172337|pmid=29657820 |pmc=5882744 |bibcode=2018RSOS....572337L |doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name="Smithwick2015">{{cite journal |last1=Smithwick |first1=F. M. |title=Feeding ecology of the deep-bodied fish ''Dapedium'' (Actinopterygii, Neopterygii) from the Sinemurian of Dorset, England |journal=Palaeontology |date=2015 |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=293–311 |doi=10.1111/pala.12145|bibcode=2015Palgy..58..293S |s2cid=86168055 |doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name="Thies2016">{{Cite journal|last1=Thies |first1=D. |last2=Waschkewitz |first2=J. |year=2016 |title=Redescription of ''Dapedium pholidotum'' (Agassiz, 1832) (Actinopterygii, Neopterygii) from the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale, with comments on the phylogenetic position of ''Dapedium'' Leach, 1822 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=339–364 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2015.1043361 |s2cid=130282395 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281415190 }}</ref> <ref name="Xu2025">{{cite journal |last1=Xu |first1=G. |last2=Ma |first2=X. |last3=Liu |first3=L. |last4=Liao |first4=J. |last5=Tan |first5=F. |last6=Sun |first6=C. |title=Taxonomic Revision of †''Guizhoubrachysomus minor'' (†Semionotiformes, Ginglymodi) From the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) Xingyi Biota in Guizhou and Yunnan, China |journal=Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan |date=2025 |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=79–92 |doi=10.7302/27712}}</ref> </references>

Category:Dapediidae Category:Prehistoric ray-finned fish families