{{short description|Medial part of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal}} also known as superior tendon of abdominal cavity.{{Infobox anatomy | Name = Conjoint tendon | Latin = falx inguinalis, tendo conjunctivus | Image = Gray398.png | Caption = The interfoveolar ligament, seen from in front. (Inguinal aponeurotic falx labeled at lower left.) }} The '''conjoint tendon''' (previously known as the '''inguinal aponeurotic falx''') is a sheath of connective tissue formed from the lower part of the common aponeurosis of the abdominal internal oblique muscle and the transversus abdominis muscle, joining the muscle to the pelvis. It forms the medial part of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal.
== Structure == The conjoint tendon is formed from the lower part of the common aponeurosis of the abdominal internal oblique muscle and the transversus abdominis muscle.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Jiang|first=Jay|title=Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Conjoint Tendon (Inguinal Aponeurotic Falx)|date=2021|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549772/|work=StatPearls|place=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=31747179|access-date=2021-04-12|last2=Koay|first2=Jennifer}}</ref> It inserts into the pubic crest and the pectineal line immediately behind the superficial inguinal ring.<ref name=":0" /> It is usually conjoint with the tendon of the internal oblique muscle, but they may be separate as well. It forms the medial part of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal.<ref name=":0" />
==Clinical significance== The conjoint tendon serves to protect what would otherwise be a weak point in the abdominal wall.<ref name=":0" /> A weakening of the conjoint tendon can precipitate a direct inguinal hernia.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[http://fitsweb.uchc.edu/student/selectives/Luzietti/hernia_anatomy.htm Relevant Anatomy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230212651/http://fitsweb.uchc.edu/student/selectives/Luzietti/hernia_anatomy.htm |date=2012-12-30 }} at University of Connecticut Health Center. Retrieved Jan 2013</ref>
A direct inguinal hernia will protrude through Hesselbach's triangle, whose borders are the rectus abdominis (medially), inferior epigastric artery and inferior epigastric vein (superolaterally), and the inguinal ligament (inferiorly). The hernia lies medial to the inferior epigastric artery.<ref>''Clinical Anatomy'' by Ernest W. April. 3rd Edition. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1997. Pages 326-327. </ref> This is in contrast to an indirect inguinal hernia, which will protrude laterally to the inferior epigastric artery and is most commonly due to an embryological defect in the closure of the deep inguinal ring.
== History == The conjoint tendon is also known as the inguinal aponeurotic falx, and Henle's ligament.<ref>{{Citation|last=Jiang|first=Jay|title=Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Conjoint Tendon (Inguinal Aponeurotic Falx)|date=2021|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549772/|work=StatPearls|place=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=31747179|access-date=2021-04-12|last2=Koay|first2=Jennifer}}</ref>
==Additional images== <gallery> File:Slide4Nemo.JPG|Anterior abdominal wall. Intermediate dissection. Anterior view </gallery>
== See also == * Falx (disambiguation) — other parts of the anatomy with names including "falx" * interfoveolar ligament
==References== <references/>
==External links== * {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|35|18|01|03}} - "Anterior Abdominal Wall: Reflection of the Transversus Abdominis Muscle" * {{SUNYAnatomyImage|7|5|31}}
{{Muscles of trunk}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Muscular system
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