Conchifera

{{Automatic Taxobox | fossil_range = {{Fossilrange|535|0|Fortunian - Recent}} | image = Giant clam or Tridacna gigas.jpg | taxon = Conchifera | authority = Gegenbaur, 1878 [https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id14988/] | subdivision_ranks = Classes | subdivision = * *Monoplacophora *Cephalopoda *Scaphopoda *Rostroconchia *Bivalvia *Gastropoda

}}

'''Conchifera''' is a subphylum of the phylum Mollusca, containing five extant classes: Monoplacophora, Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Scaphopoda.<ref name="Kocot2020"/><ref name="r630"/> Conchiferans can bear a single shell as in snails and ammonites, a single pair of shells as in clams, or lack a shell as in slugs and squid. The other subphylum is Aculifera, the members of which are shellless or have a row of several plates. Non-monoplacophoran conchiferans emerged within the once-widespread Monoplacophora. The only descendant which retains its ancestral shape is the Tryblidiida. {{Clarify|date=September 2024|reason= What aspects of the ancestral shape are uniquely retained by them?}}

The monophyly of Conchifera is supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis.<ref name="Kocot2020"/> The relationships among the members of Conchifera are disputed.<ref name="Kocot2020"/> A grouping of Scaphopoda and Bivalvia, named Diasoma, has been proposed,<ref name="Runnegar1974"/><ref name="Song2023"/> but other studies find scaphopods to be more closely related to cephalopods<ref name="Steiner2003"/> or gastropods.<ref name="Kocot2020"/>

Conchifera originated in the early Cambrian period.<ref name="Kocot2020"/><ref name="Song2023"/>

==Classes== Classes within the Conchifera include: * Monoplacophora * Bivalvia * Gastropoda * Scaphopoda * Cephalopoda * Archinacelloidea† * Rostroconchia† * Helcionelloida†

==See also== * Evolution of Mollusca

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="r630">{{cite journal | last=Chen | first=Zeyuan | last2=Baeza | first2=J. Antonio | last3=Chen | first3=Chong | last4=Gonzalez | first4=Maria Teresa | last5=González | first5=Vanessa Liz | last6=Greve | first6=Carola | last7=Kocot | first7=Kevin M. | last8=Arbizu | first8=Pedro Martinez | last9=Moles | first9=Juan | last10=Schell | first10=Tilman | last11=Schwabe | first11=Enrico | last12=Sun | first12=Jin | last13=Wong | first13=Nur Leena W. S. | last14=Yap-Chiongco | first14=Meghan | last15=Sigwart | first15=Julia D. | title=A genome-based phylogeny for Mollusca is concordant with fossils and morphology | journal=Science | display-authors=5 | volume=387 | issue=6737 | date=2025-02-28 | issn=0036-8075 | doi=10.1126/science.ads0215 | doi-access=free | pages=1001–1007}}</ref> <ref name="Kocot2020">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/s41598-019-56728-w| issn = 2045-2322| volume = 10| issue = 1| pages = 101| last1 = Kocot| first1 = Kevin M.| last2 = Poustka| first2 = Albert J.| last3 = Stöger| first3 = Isabella| last4 = Halanych| first4 = Kenneth M.| last5 = Schrödl| first5 = Michael| title = New data from Monoplacophora and a carefully-curated dataset resolve molluscan relationships| journal = Scientific Reports| date = 2020 | pmid = 31919367| pmc = 6952402}}</ref> <ref name="Runnegar1974">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1126/science.186.4161.311| issn = 0036-8075 | volume = 186| issue = 4161| pages = 311–317| last1 = Runnegar| first1 = Bruce| last2 = Pojeta| first2 = John| title = Molluscan Phylogeny: The Paleontological Viewpoint: The early Paleozoic fossil record shows how living and extinct molluscan classes originated and diversified.| journal = Science| date = 1974-10-25| pmid = 17839855 | url = https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.186.4161.311| url-access = subscription}}</ref> <ref name="Song2023">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1073/pnas.2302361120| issn = 0027-8424 | eissn = 1091-6490| volume = 120| issue = 40| pages = –2302361120| last1 = Song| first1 = Hao| last2 = Wang| first2 = Yunan| last3 = Shao| first3 = Haojing| last4 = Li| first4 = Zhuoqing| last5 = Hu| first5 = Pinli| last6 = Yap-Chiongco| first6 = Meghan K.| last7 = Shi| first7 = Pu| last8 = Zhang| first8 = Tao| last9 = Li| first9 = Cui| last10 = Wang| first10 = Yiguan| last11 = Ma| first11 = Peizhen| last12 = Vinther| first12 = Jakob| last13 = Wang| first13 = Haiyan| last14 = Kocot| first14 = Kevin M.| title = Scaphopoda is the sister taxon to Bivalvia: Evidence of ancient incomplete lineage sorting| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| date = 2023-10-03| pmid = 37738291 | hdl = 1983/edbbfb14-28f5-47ae-9189-ed00112ad1db| hdl-access = free}}</ref> <ref name="Steiner2003">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00121.x| issn = 0300-3256 | eissn = 1463-6409| volume = 32| issue = 4| pages = 343–356| last1 = Steiner| first1 = Gerhard| last2 = Dreyer| first2 = Hermann| title = Molecular phylogeny of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) inferred from 18S rDNA sequences: support for a Scaphopoda–Cephalopoda clade| journal = Zoologica Scripta| date = 2003}}</ref> }}

==External links== * [https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id14988/ BioLib info]

Category:Conchifera Category:Mollusc taxonomy Category:Animal subphyla Category:Prehistoric mollusc taxonomy