{{Short description|Category of mental action used in psychology and philosophy of mind}} {{distinguish|Connation}}
In the philosophy of mind,<ref name=crawford>Crawford, S. (2012), [https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/philosophy/minds-and-mental-phenomena-introduction/content-section-3 Minds and mental phenomena: an introduction], 3: Varieties of mental phenomena, accessed 19 May 2023</ref> and in psychology, '''conation''' refers to the ability to apply intellectual energy to a task to achieve its completion or reach a solution.<ref name=reitan>Reitan, R. M. and Wolfson, D., [https://academic.oup.com/acn/article-pdf/15/5/443/8296/15-5-443.pdf Conation: A Neglected Aspect of Neuropsychological Functioning], ''Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology'', Vol. 15, No. 5, 2000, pp. 443–453, accessed 19 May 2023</ref> Conation may be distinguished from other mental phenomena, particularly cognition, and sensation,<ref name=crawford /> and has been described as "neglected" in comparison with these phenomena. It may overlap to some extent with the concept of motivation, but "the ability to focus and maintain persistent effort" has been seen as more pertinent to conation.<ref name=reitan />
==Definitions== Merriam-Webster's online dictionary defines conation as "an inclination (as an instinct or drive) to act purposefully".<ref>Merriam-Webster, [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/conation conation], accessed 8 June 2023</ref> The word comes from the Latin words ''conari'' (to try) and ''conatio'' (an attempt).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=Noah Knowles |title=Elements of Psychology |date=1892 |publisher=Silver, Burdett |location=New York |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tzQFAQAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref> Hannah ''et al.'' define "moral conation" as "the capacity to generate responsibility and motivation to take moral action in the face of adversity and persevere through challenges".<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5465/amr.2010.0128 |title=Moral Maturation and Moral Conation: A Capacity Approach to Explaining Moral Thought and Action |date=2011 |last1=Hannah |first1=Sean T. |last2=Avolio |first2=Bruce J. |last3=May |first3=Douglas R. |journal=Academy of Management Review |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=663–685 |s2cid=32416882 |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usarmyresearch/360 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==History== Edwin Boring included a review of the history of the concept in his ''History of Experimental Psychology'', published in 1929, referring to James Ward's typology of cognition, conation, and feeling,<ref name=reitan /> and to conation as George Stout's "famous doctrine". The division of the mind into cognition, conation (or desire), and feeling was also described by Immanuel Kant.<ref>Katz, L. D., [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pleasure/ Pleasure] in ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', revised 17 June 2016, accessed 23 May 2023</ref> However, Norman Schur more recently included the word "conation" among his ''1000 most challenging'' (or oft-forgotten or unknown) words in the English language.<ref>Schur, N. (1990), ''1000 most challenging words'', New York: Ballantine Books</ref> For George Berkeley in his essay ''De Motu'', it was a term to be avoided, because "we do not rightly understand" its meaning.<ref>Kilne, A. D., [https://iep.utm.edu/george-berkeley-philosophy-of-science/ George Berkeley: Philosophy of Science], in the ''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', accessed 23 May 2023</ref>
== Research == Neuropsychology researchers Ralph M. Reitan and Deborah Wolfson looked at the performance of specific tasks which were "judged to require conative ability" in a research study published in 2000 and surmised that "conation, which has been a neglected dimension of behavior in neuropsychological assessment, may be the missing link between cognitive ability and prediction of performance capabilities in everyday life".<ref name=reitan />
== See also == {{wiktionary}} * Attentional control * Conatus * Determination
== References == {{reflist}}
== Further reading == * Moser, R. (2013), [https://www.gale.com/ebooks/9781414482255/new-catholic-encyclopedia-supplement-2012-2013-ethics-and-philosophy Conative] in New Catholic Encyclopedia Supplement 2012-2013: Ethics and Philosophy (Vol. 1), pp 298–299 * Lindeman, D., [https://iep.utm.edu/prop-ati/ Propositional Attitudes] in the ''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy''
Category:Concepts in the philosophy of mind Category:Psychological concepts