Hieracium lachenalii

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} {{Speciesbox | image = Hawkweed 2007-5.jpg | genus = Hieracium | species = lachenalii | authority = Suter 1802 not C.C.Gmel. 1808<ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?name=Hieracium+vulgatum&commonname= Tropicos, search for ''Hieracium lachenalii'']</ref> | range_map = Range of Hieracium lachenalii-World.svg | range_map_caption = ''Hieracium lachenalii'' distribution |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-10400 The Plant List, ''Hieracium lachenalii'' Suter ]</ref> | synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true |title=Synonymy |''ieracium acuminatum'' Jord. |''Hieracium anfractum'' (Fr.) Fr. |''Hieracium argillaceoides'' (Litv. & Zahn) Üksip |''Hieracium argillaceum'' Jord. |''Hieracium asyngamicum'' Borbás |''Hieracium aurulentum'' Boreau |''Hieracium aviicola'' Boreau |''Hieracium strumosum'' (W.R.Linton) Ley |''Hieracium cebennense'' Arv.-Touv. |''Hieracium chenopodioides'' Arv.-Touv. |''Hieracium cheriense'' Jord. ex Boreau |''Hieracium chlorophyllum'' Jord. ex Boreau |''Hieracium cladophorum'' (Vuk.) B.D.Jacks. |''Hieracium consociatum'' Jord. ex Boreau |''Hieracium amitsokense'' (Almq.) Dahlst. ex Omang |''Hieracium cruentifolium'' Dahlst. & lubeck. ex Dahlst. & Lübeck |''Hieracium groenlandicum'' Arv.-Touv. |''Hieracium ivigtutense'' (Almq.) Omang |''Hieracium scholanderi'' Omang |''Hieracium sylowi'' Omang |''Hieracium vulgatiforme'' Dahlst. |''Hieracium vulgatum'' Fr. |''Hieracium dalicum'' Johanss. |''Hieracium borodinianum'' Üksip |''Hieracium deductum'' Sudre |''Hieracium jaccardii'' Zahn |''Hieracium latebrosum'' Boreau |''Hieracium medioximum'' Boreau |''Hieracium epichlorum'' (Litv. & Zahn) Üksip |''Hieracium erythropodum'' R.Uechtr. |''Hieracium euchlorum'' (Murr & Zahn) Prain |''Hieracium fastigiatum'' Fr. |''Hieracium festinum'' Jord. ex Boreau |''Hieracium umbraticola'' Boreau |''Hieracium frondosiforme'' (Zahn) Prain |''Hieracium punctillaticeps'' Johanss. |''Hieracium garckeanum'' Asch. |''Hieracium hypopitys'' (Litv. & Zahn) Üksip |''Hieracium irriguiceps'' (Zahn) Schljakov |''Hieracium euirriguum'' (Zahn) Schljakov |''Hieracium irriguum'' (Fr.) Dahlst. |''Hieracium juratzkanum'' (Zahn) Schljakov |''Hieracium lepidiceps'' (Dahlst.) Prain |''Hieracium lortetiae'' Balb. |''Hieracium macrophyllopodum'' (Zahn) Üksip |''Hieracium mertinii'' C.C.Gmel. |''Hieracium nemophilum'' Boreau |''Hieracium querceticola'' Jord. ex Boreau |''Hieracium obscuriceps'' (Dahlst.) Prain |''Hieracium subobscuriceps'' (Zahn) Üksip |''Hieracium paucifoliatum'' Boreau |''Hieracium meridionale'' Arv.-Touv. |''Hieracium neopinnatifidum'' Pugsley |''Hieracium percissum'' Jord. ex Boreau |''Hieracium pinnatifidum'' (Dahlst.) Lönnr. ex Dahlst. |''Hieracium finitimum'' Boreau |''Hieracium pseudodiaphanum'' (Dahlst.) Johanss. |''Hieracium valmierense'' Üksip |''Hieracium pseudoramosum'' Schur |''Hieracium rudicaule'' Arv.-Touv. |''Hieracium stipatiforme'' (Dahlst.) Dahlst. |''Hieracium subampliatum'' (Dahlst.) Dahlst. |''Hieracium subaustrinum'' Keld & Wiinst. |''Hieracium subhastulatum'' (Zahn) Üksip |''Hieracium stipatum'' T.Durand & B.D.Jacks. |''Hieracium subirriguum'' (Dahlst.) Dahlst. |''Hieracium subviriduliceps'' (Zahn) Schljakov |''Hieracium tenuicaule'' Arv.-Touv. |''Hieracium torticaule'' Arv.-Touv. |''Hieracium tortifolium'' Boreau |''Hieracium truncipilum'' (Thaisz & Zahn) Schljakov |''Hieracium almquistianum'' Johanss. |''Hieracium subviolascens'' P.D.Sell |plus many more names at level of subspecies }}}}

'''''Hieracium lachenalii''''', or '''common hawkweed''', is a species of plant in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe but has become established as a weed in Australia and parts of North America.

== Taxonomy == The species was widely known for many years as ''H. vulgatum'',<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066961 Flora of North America, ''Hieracium vulgatum'' Fries, 1819. ]</ref> but more recent studies have indicated that the two names represent the same species. The name ''H. lachenalii'' was coined in 1802,<ref>[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=327414-2&back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditAdvPlantNameSearch.do%3Ffind_infragenus%3D%26find_geoUnit%3D%26find_includePublicationAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_addedSince%3D%26find_family%3D%26find_genus%3DHieracium%26find_infrafamily%3D%26find_rankToReturn%3Dspec%26find_publicationTitle%3D%26find_authorAbbrev%3D%26find_infraspecies%3D%26find_includeBasionymAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_modifiedSince%3D%26find_species%3Dlachenalii%26output_format%3Dnormal The International Plant Names Index, ''Hieracium lachenalii'' ]</ref> and ''H. vulgatum'' in 1819,<ref>[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=327415-2&back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditAdvPlantNameSearch.do%3Ffind_infragenus%3D%26find_geoUnit%3D%26find_includePublicationAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_addedSince%3D%26find_family%3D%26find_genus%3DHieracium%26find_infrafamily%3D%26find_rankToReturn%3Dspec%26find_publicationTitle%3D%26find_authorAbbrev%3D%26find_infraspecies%3D%26find_includeBasionymAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_modifiedSince%3D%26find_species%3Dvulgatum%26output_format%3Dnormal The International Plant Names Index, ''Hieracium vulgatum'' ]</ref> so per taxonomic regulations, the older name is to be used, with ''H. vulgatum'' delegated to being a synonym.<ref> [http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art11 International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), article 11]</ref>

==Description== This common weed can grow and produce flowers on plants that range from {{convert|4|in|cm|abbr=off|sp=us}} to {{convert|36|in|cm}} tall. The rhizome is short and stout. The broadly elliptic leaves can be up to {{convert|5|in|cm|abbr=off|sp=us}} long and taper with teeth towards the base.<ref name="msuplants">{{cite web|url=http://msuplants.com/pd.asp?pid=3104 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080229223825/http://msuplants.com/pd.asp?pid=3104 |archive-date=2008-02-29 |title=MSUplants.com Hieracium lachenalii|access-date=2007-12-14|author=MSU Board of Trustees|author2=Jesse L Saylor|author3=Network Vista, Inc.|name-list-style=amp |work=msuplants.com/index.html|publisher=Michigan State University Department of Horticulture }}</ref> Each flower head has 40-80 ray florets but no disc florets.<ref name='INS'>{{cite web |url=http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/DPI/nreninf.nsf/childdocs/-9B2A7AB4FD562D03CA256BC800058E91-FAE39D5678422E99CA256BC800062A59-663C5274163D2336CA256E8D001EFC6C-A348BEAAE2BC7393CA256D4A000C59A3?open|title=Hawkweeds: State Prohibited Weed |access-date=2007-12-14|author=Ian Faithfull|work=Information Notes Series |publisher=Department of Primary Industries, Victoria, Australia|date=2007-09-19}}</ref><ref name='grieve'>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/h/hawwee07.html |title=Hawkweed, Wood|access-date=2007-12-14|author=Mrs. M. Grieve|author-link=Maud Grieve|year=1933|work=A Modern Herbal|publisher=Botanical.com}} </ref> Bracts surround the flower head; the receptacle (basal part of the flower on which the florets are attached) is flat and naked; heads tend to start together then become somewhat solitary on long leafless stems.<ref name='INS'/> The stalks below the heads are covered with scattered, simple and gland-tipped black hairs and contain a milky substance.<ref name='grieve'/>

The pale yellow flowers are produced during all of the summer months. The fruit are dark brown achenes.<ref name="msuplants"/>

==Common names== *{{langx|hr|Obična runjika}} *{{langx|nl|Gewoon havikskruid}} *{{langx|de|Gewöhnliches Habichtskraut, Lachenals Habichtskraut}} *{{langx|en|Common Hawkweed}} *{{langx|fr|Epervière de Lachenal}} *{{langx|hu|Közönséges hölgymál}}<ref>[http://anp.nemzetipark.gov.hu/botanikai-kutatas Az ANP (valamint a Gömör-Tornai-karszt magyarországi részének) taxonlistája]</ref> *{{langx|it|Sparviere comune}} *{{langx|lv|Jakarda mauraga}} *{{langx|pl|Jastrzębiec Lachenala}} *{{langx|sr|Maslačak}} *{{langx|sl|Lachenalova škržolica, Navadna škržolica}} *{{langx|ru|Ястребинка Жаккара}}<ref name='EuroPlusMed'/> *{{langx|cy|Heboglys}} *{{langx|sv|Hagfibbla}}

==Distribution and habitat== Native to most of Europe,<ref name='EuroPlusMed'>{{cite web|url=http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameCache&61%3BHieracium&32%3Blachenalii&PTRefFk&61%3B7000000|title=Details for: Hieracium lachenalii|access-date=2007-12-14|author1=Botanic Garden|author2=Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem|author-link=Botanical Garden in Berlin|date=June 5, 2007|work=The Euro+Med Plantbase|publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ''Hieracium lachenalii'' was introduced to temperate parts of North America,<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/State/Hieracium%20lachenalii.png Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map]</ref> and to Australia.<ref name='INS'/> It can sometimes be found in soils that have been disturbed.<ref name='gresham'>{{cite web|url= http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/nature/gorge/sun/dandy/hieracium/hieracvulgatum.htm|title=Common Hawkweed|access-date=2007-12-21|author=Paul Slichter|work=Wildflowers of the Genus Hieracium:Hawkweeds of the Columbia River Gorge|quote=Common hawkweed may be found in disturbed soils. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040122054644/http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/nature/gorge/sun/dandy/hieracium/hieracvulgatum.htm |archive-date=2004-01-22 }}</ref>

===Europe=== In Europe, the species is found in Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Corsica, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Russia. ===North America=== '''Subarctic America:''' Greenland.<ref name='GRIN'>{{GRIN | access-date=2007-12-14}}</ref>

'''Canada:''' Provinces of British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec.<ref name='GRIN'/>

'''United States:''' States of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin.<ref name='GRIN'/>

{{Imageframe|width=600|content=150px150px150px150px|caption=Distribution maps of ''Hieracium lachenalii''.|align=center}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *{{Commons category-inline|Hieracium lachenalii|''Hieracium lachenalii''}} *{{Wikispecies-inline|Hieracium lachenalii|''Hieracium lachenalii''}} *{{cite web|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=503024|title=Hieracium lachenalii|access-date=2007-12-14|author-link=ITIS|author=Integrated Taxonomic Information System Organization (ITIS)|date=December 14, 2007 |work=Integrated Taxonomic Information System on-line database}} *{{cite web|url=http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/nature/gorge/sun/dandy/hieracium/hieracvulgatum.htm|title=Common Hawkweed|access-date=2007-12-21|author=Paul Slichter|work=Wildflowers of the Genus Hieracium:Hawkweeds of the Columbia River Gorge |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040122054644/http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/nature/gorge/sun/dandy/hieracium/hieracvulgatum.htm |archive-date=2004-01-22 }} *{{cite web|url=http://education.stonehill.edu/fieldguide/Field_Guide/Small%20flowering/Hawkweed.htm|title=Common Hawkweed ''(Hieracium vulgatum)''|access-date=2007-12-21|author=Stonehill College|author-link=Stonehill College|work=Stonehill College Field Guide|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060905114133/http://education.stonehill.edu/fieldguide/Field_Guide/Small%20flowering/Hawkweed.htm|archive-date=2006-09-05}}

lachenalii Category:Flora of Europe Category:Plants described in 1802