{{Short description|Protein found in humans}} {{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Coilin''' is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''COIL'' gene.<ref name="pmid7971277">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chan EK, Takano S, Andrade LE, Hamel JC, Matera AG | title = Structure, expression and chromosomal localization of human p80-coilin gene | journal = Nucleic Acids Res | volume = 22 | issue = 21 | pages = 4462–9 | date = Dec 1994 | pmid = 7971277 | pmc = 308480 | doi = 10.1093/nar/22.21.4462 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: COIL coilin| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8161}}</ref> Coilin got its name from the coiled shape of the Cajal bodies in which it is found. It was first identified using human autoimmune serum.
== Function == Coilin protein is one of the main molecular components of Cajal bodies. Cajal bodies are non-membrane bound nuclear bodies of varying number and composition that are involved in the post-transcriptional modification of small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs. In addition to its structural role, coilin acts as glue to connect the CB to the nucleolus. The N-terminus of the coilin protein directs its self-oligomerization while the C-terminus influences the number of nuclear bodies assembled per cell. Differential methylation and phosphorylation of coilin likely influences its localization among nuclear bodies and the composition and assembly of Cajal bodies. This gene has pseudogenes on chromosome 4 and chromosome 14.<ref name="entrez" />
To study CBs, coilin can be combined with GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) to form Coilin-GFP hybrid protein. The hybrid protein can then be used to locate CBs underneath a microscope, usually near the nucleolus of the cell. Other proteins that make up the CB include snRNPs and nucleolar snoRNPs.
Coilin has been shown to interact with ataxin 1,<ref name = pmid12757932>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hong S, Ka S, Kim S, Park Y, Kang S | title = p80 coilin, a coiled body-specific protein, interacts with ataxin-1, the SCA1 gene product | journal = Biochim. Biophys. Acta | volume = 1638 | issue = 1 | pages = 35–42 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12757932 | doi = 10.1016/s0925-4439(03)00038-3| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name = pmid18439907>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hong S, Lee S, Cho SG, Kang S | title = UbcH6 interacts with and ubiquitinates the SCA1 gene product ataxin-1 | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 371 | issue = 2 | pages = 256–60 | date = Jun 2008 | pmid = 18439907 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.04.066 }}</ref> nucleolar phosphoprotein p130,<ref name = pmid9679133>{{cite journal | vauthors = Isaac C, Yang Y, Meier UT | title = Nopp140 functions as a molecular link between the nucleolus and the coiled bodies | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 142 | issue = 2 | pages = 319–29 | date = Jul 1998 | pmid = 9679133 | pmc = 2133063 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.142.2.319}}</ref> SMN,<ref name = pmid12361597>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hebert MD, Shpargel KB, Ospina JK, Tucker KE, Matera AG | title = Coilin methylation regulates nuclear body formation | journal = Dev. Cell | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 329–37 | date = Sep 2002 | pmid = 12361597 | doi = 10.1016/s1534-5807(02)00222-8| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name = pmid11641277>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hebert MD, Szymczyk PW, Shpargel KB, Matera AG | title = Coilin forms the bridge between Cajal bodies and SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy protein | journal = Genes Dev. | volume = 15 | issue = 20 | pages = 2720–9 | date = Oct 2001 | pmid = 11641277 | pmc = 312817 | doi = 10.1101/gad.908401 }}</ref> and SNRPB.<ref name = pmid11641277/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== {{Refbegin | 2}} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Ogg SC, Lamond AI | title = Cajal bodies and coilin — moving towards function | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 159 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–21 | date = October 14, 2002 | pmid = 12379800 | pmc = 2173504 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.200206111 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Andrade LE, Chan EK, Raska I, Peebles CL, Roos G, Tan EM | title = Human autoantibody to a novel protein of the nuclear coiled body: immunological characterization and cDNA cloning of p80-coilin | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 173 | issue = 6 | pages = 1407–19 | year = 1991 | pmid = 2033369 | pmc = 2190846 | doi = 10.1084/jem.173.6.1407 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Bohmann K, Ferreira JA, Lamond AI | title = Mutational analysis of p80 coilin indicates a functional interaction between coiled bodies and the nucleolus | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 131 | issue = 4 | pages = 817–31 | year = 1996 | pmid = 7490287 | pmc = 2200013 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.131.4.817 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Carmo-Fonseca M, Ferreira J, Lamond AI | title = Assembly of snRNP-containing coiled bodies is regulated in interphase and mitosis--evidence that the coiled body is a kinetic nuclear structure | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 120 | issue = 4 | pages = 841–52 | year = 1993 | pmid = 7679389 | pmc = 2200076 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.120.4.841 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Robertson NG, Khetarpal U, Gutiérrez-Espeleta GA, Bieber FR, Morton CC | title = Isolation of novel and known genes from a human fetal cochlear cDNA library using subtractive hybridization and differential screening | journal = Genomics | volume = 23 | issue = 1 | pages = 42–50 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7829101 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1994.1457 | hdl = 10669/15162 | hdl-access = free }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Kusuda J, Tanuma R, Gotoh E, Toyoda A, Hashimoto K | title = Assignment of a human autoimmune antigen, p80-coilin gene to chromosome 17q21-q23 and of its possible pseudogene to chromosome 14 | journal = Hum. Genet. | volume = 95 | issue = 2 | pages = 233–4 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7860074 | doi = 10.1007/BF00209411 | s2cid = 20006429 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Lyon CE, Bohmann K, Sleeman J, Lamond AI | title = Inhibition of protein dephosphorylation results in the accumulation of splicing snRNPs and coiled bodies within the nucleolus | journal = Exp. Cell Res. | volume = 230 | issue = 1 | pages = 84–93 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9013710 | doi = 10.1006/excr.1996.3380 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Parfenov VN, Davis DS, Pochukalina GN, Kostyuchek D, Murti KG | title = Dynamics of distribution of splicing components relative to the transcriptional state of human oocytes from antral follicles | journal = J. Cell. Biochem. | volume = 69 | issue = 1 | pages = 72–80 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9513048 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19980401)69:1<72::AID-JCB8>3.0.CO;2-S | s2cid = 29105448 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Pochukalina GN, Davis DS, Kostiuchek DF, Murti KG, Parfenov VN | title = [Splicing factors in oocyte nuclei from human antral follicles] | journal = Tsitologiia | volume = 40 | issue = 4 | pages = 239–47 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9644758 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Isaac C, Yang Y, Meier UT | title = Nopp140 functions as a molecular link between the nucleolus and the coiled bodies | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 142 | issue = 2 | pages = 319–29 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9679133 | pmc = 2133063 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.142.2.319 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu J, Hebert MD, Ye Y, Templeton DJ, Kung H, Matera AG | title = Cell cycle-dependent localization of the CDK2-cyclin E complex in Cajal (coiled) bodies | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 113 | issue = 9 | pages = 1543–52 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.113.9.1543 | pmid = 10751146 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Hebert MD, Matera AG | title = Self-association of coilin reveals a common theme in nuclear body localization | journal = Mol. Biol. Cell | volume = 11 | issue = 12 | pages = 4159–71 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11102515 | pmc = 15064 | doi = 10.1091/mbc.11.12.4159 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Young PJ, Le TT, Dunckley M, Nguyen TM, Burghes AH, Morris GE | title = Nuclear gems and Cajal (coiled) bodies in fetal tissues: nucleolar distribution of the spinal muscular atrophy protein, SMN | journal = Exp. Cell Res. | volume = 265 | issue = 2 | pages = 252–61 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11302690 | doi = 10.1006/excr.2001.5186 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Hebert MD, Szymczyk PW, Shpargel KB, Matera AG | title = Coilin forms the bridge between Cajal bodies and SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy protein | journal = Genes Dev. | volume = 15 | issue = 20 | pages = 2720–9 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11641277 | pmc = 312817 | doi = 10.1101/gad.908401 }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, Leung AK, Lam YW, Steen H, Mann M, Lamond AI | title = Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus | journal = Curr. Biol. | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–11 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11790298 | doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9 | s2cid = 14132033 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2002CBio...12....1A }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Sleeman JE, Ajuh P, Lamond AI | title = snRNP protein expression enhances the formation of Cajal bodies containing p80-coilin and SMN | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 114 | issue = Pt 24 | pages = 4407–19 | year = 2002 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.114.24.4407 | pmid = 11792806 | url = https://jcs.biologists.org/content/114/24/4407 | url-access = subscription }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Hebert MD, Shpargel KB, Ospina JK, Tucker KE, Matera AG | title = Coilin methylation regulates nuclear body formation | journal = Dev. Cell | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 329–37 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12361597 | doi = 10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00222-8 | doi-access = free }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Shpargel KB, Ospina JK, Tucker KE, Matera AG, Hebert MD | title = Control of Cajal body number is mediated by the coilin C-terminus | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 116 | issue = Pt 2 | pages = 303–12 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12482916 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.00211 | s2cid = 24967810 | doi-access = }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Sleeman JE, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Prescott AR, Ogg SC, Lamond AI | title = Cajal body proteins SMN and Coilin show differential dynamic behaviour in vivo | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 116 | issue = Pt 10 | pages = 2039–50 | year = 2004 | pmid = 12679382 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.00400 | s2cid = 9085320 | doi-access = }} *{{cite journal | vauthors = Hearst SM, Gilder AS, Negi SS, Davis MD, George EM, Whittom AA, Toyota CG, Husedzinovic A, Gruss OJ, Hebert MD | title = Cajal-body formation correlates with differential coilin phosphorylation in primary and transformed cell lines | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 122 | issue = Pt 11 | pages = 1872–81 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19435804 | pmc = 2684838 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.044040 }} {{Refend}}
{{Nucleus}}
{{NLM content}}
Category:Structural proteins
{{gene-17-stub}}