Cinematheque

{{Short description|Organization that preserves and presents film}} A '''cinematheque''' is an archive of films and film-related objects with an exhibition venue.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2005|title=cinematheque|url=https://www.wordreference.com/fren/cinematheque|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718211518/http://www.wordreference.com:80/fren/cinematheque |archive-date=2009-07-18 |access-date=14 January 2021|website=Collins English French Electronic Dictionary|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=cinémathèque|url=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/cin%C3%A9math%C3%A8que#%C3%89tymologie|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031123352/http://fr.wiktionary.org:80/wiki/cin%C3%A9math%C3%A8que |archive-date=2010-10-31 |access-date=14 January 2021|website=Wiktionnaire}}</ref> Similarly to a book library (bibliothèque in French), a cinematheque is responsible for preserving and making available to the public film heritage. Typically, a cinematheque has at least one motion picture theatre, which offers screenings of its collections and other international films. == History == [[Image:BulgarianFilmArchive.jpg|thumb|Main facade of the head office, Bulgarian National Film Archive (Българска Национална Филмотека)]] From the first cinema screenings until 1930, several attempts to establish film archives were initiated in Europe, the US and Russia. As early as 1898, the photographer and cameraman Bolesław Matuszewski evoked the idea of a film archive. "It is a matter of giving this perhaps privileged source of history the same authority, the same official existence, the same access as to other archives already known".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Matuszewski|first=Boleslaw|title=Une nouvelle source de l'histoire (eng. A New Source of History)|publisher=|year=1898|isbn=|location=Paris|pages=6}}</ref> The "Archives of the Planet” (Les Archives de la planète) were established by French banker Albert Kahn, between 1912 and 1931.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Les collection du Musée Albert-Kahn|url=http://collections.albert-kahn.hauts-de-seine.fr/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615124142/http://collections.albert-kahn.hauts-de-seine.fr:80/ |archive-date=2016-06-15 |access-date=14 January 2021|website=Le Musée départemental Albert-Kahn}}</ref> Military film archives were also created in France, Germany and Great Britain after the First World War. The cinematheque of the city of Paris, for educational purposes, was created in 1925.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Cinémathèque Robert-Lynen - Les origines (Eng. Cinematheque Robert-Lynen - The origines)|url=http://www.cinemathequerobertlynen.paris/cinematheque-robert-lynen/histoire-cinematheque-robert-lynen/origines/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913182059/http://www.cinemathequerobertlynen.paris:80/cinematheque-robert-lynen/histoire-cinematheque-robert-lynen/origines/ |archive-date=2017-09-13 |access-date=14 January 2021|website=Cinémathèque Robert-Lynen}}</ref>[[File:Bobines de Filme na Cinemateca Portuguesa..png|thumb|Film reels at the Cinemateca Portuguesa, in Portugal]]However, it was not until the 1930s and the awareness of the destruction of films at the time of the transition to sound movies that the first film archives emerged. Some of the first formal film archives were created: in Stockholm in 1933, the Reichsfilmarchiv in Berlin in 1934, the National Film Library in London and the Film Library at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1935, the National Historical Film and Speaking Record Library of Australia in 1935, the Cinémathèque française in Paris created in 1936.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=History of the archive|url=https://www.filminstitutet.se/en/learn-more-about-film/archival-film-collections/history-of-the-archive/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029142916/http://www.filminstitutet.se:80/en/learn-more-about-film/archival-film-collections/history-of-the-archive/ |archive-date=2015-10-29 |access-date=14 January 2021|website=Swedish Film Institute}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Christophe|first=Dupin|date=April 2013|title=The Origins of FIAF, 1936-1938|url=https://www.fiafnet.org/pages/History/Origins-of-FIAF.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205082528/http://www.fiafnet.org:80/pages/History/Origins-of-FIAF.html |archive-date=2015-12-05 |access-date=14 January 2021|website=FIAF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Les Collections|url=https://www.cinematheque.fr/collections.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830104515/http://www.cinematheque.fr:80/collections.html |archive-date=2015-08-30 |access-date=14 January 2021|website=Cinémathèque française}}</ref> In 1938, the International Federation of Film Archives was created, bringing together institutions devoted to cinematographic heritage.<ref name=":0" /> On 27 October 1980, the General Conference of UNESCO adopted the "Recommendation for the Safeguarding and Preservation of Moving Images" which recognizes the need to preserve and provide access to cinematographic heritage.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Recommendation for the Safeguarding and Preservation of Moving Images|url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13139&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040628224155/http://portal.unesco.org:80/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13139&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html |archive-date=2004-06-28 |access-date=14 January 2021|website=UNESCO}}</ref> In 1991, the Association of European Cinematheques (ACE - Association des Cinémathèques Européennes) was established.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=History of ACE|url=https://ace-film.eu/about-ace/history-ace/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819220749/http://www.ace-film.eu:80/about-ace/history-ace/ |archive-date=2018-08-19 |access-date=14 January 2021|website=Associations des Cinémathèques Europénnes}}</ref>

==Africa== '''Morocco'''

* Tangier Cinematheque at Cinema Rif in Tangier

==Americas== [[File:Cinematheque quebecoise.JPG|thumb|The Cinémathèque québécoise, Montreal]]

;; Canada * Cinémathèque québécoise in Montreal * The Cinematheque in Vancouver * TIFF Cinematheque in Toronto * Cinematheque Waterloo in Waterloo * Winnipeg Film Group's Cinematheque in Winnipeg

;; United States of America * UCLA Film and Television Archive in Los Angeles * American Cinematheque in Los Angeles * Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive * San Francisco Cinematheque in San Francisco * Gene Siskel Film Center in Chicago * Cleveland Cinematheque in Cleveland * University of Virginia Cinematheque in Charlottesville * [http://cinema.wisc.edu Cinematheque] at University of Wisconsin–Madison

;;Mexico * Cineteca Nacional in Mexico City * Filmoteca de la UNAM in Mexico City

; Venezuela ;

* Cinemateca Nacional de Venezuela in Caracas * Cine Archivo Bolívar Films in Caracas * Archivo Departamento de Cine de la Universidad de los Andes, Mérida ; Other countries * Cinemateca Distrital de Bogotá in Bogotá, Colombia * Cinemateca del Caribe in Barranquilla, Colombia * Cinemateca Uruguaya in Montevideo, Uruguay * Cinemateca Brasileira in São Paulo, Brazil *Filmoteca PUCP in Lima, Perú

== Asia== [[Image:TelAvivCinemateque.jpg|thumb|Entrance to the new Tel Aviv Cinematheque]]

;; China * China Film Archive in Beijing

;; Indonesia [[File:Filmfestival2009.jpg|thumb|Jerusalem Cinematheque]] * Sinematek Indonesia in Jakarta

;; Iran * Tehran Cinematheque in Tehran * [http://pardis-gholhak.com/about-cinema/ Pardis Gholhak Cinematheque] in Tehran

;; Israel * Jerusalem Cinematheque in Jerusalem * Tel Aviv Cinematheque in Tel Aviv * Haifa Cinematheque in Haifa * Herzliya Cinematheque in Herzliya * Holon Cinematheque in Holon * Sderot Cinematheque in Sderot * Rosh Pina Cinematheque in Rosh Pinna

;; Singapore * Asian Film Archive in Singapore

;; South Korea * Korean Film Archive in Seoul * Cinematheque Busan in Busan

;; Vietnam * Hanoi Cinematheque in Hanoi

== Europe== * ACE - Association des Cinémathèques Européennes, an affiliation of 49 national and regional European cinematheques.

;; Armenia *Armenian National Cinematheque in Yerevan

;; Belgium *CINEMATEK in Brussels<ref>{{cite web|title=Cinémathèque royale de Belgique official site|url=http://www.cinematek.be/|accessdate=10 April 2010|publisher=Cinémathèque royale de Belgique}}</ref> *{{Interlanguage link|Cinémathèque de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles|fr|Cinémathèque de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles}} in Brussels

;; Bulgaria *Bulgarian National Film Archive (Българска Национална Филмотека) in Sofia

;; Czech Republic *Národní filmový archiv in Prague (and its Ponrepo cinema)

;; Denmark *Cinemateket in Copenhagen

;; France *Cinémathèque Française in Paris *{{ill|Cinémathèque de Nice|fr}} in Nice * Cinémathèque de Bretagne in Brest * {{ill|Cinémathèque de Toulouse|fr}} *Cinematheque de Saint-Etienne in Saint-Etiennne *{{ill|Cinémathèque d'images de montagne|fr}} (Cinematheque of mountain images) in Gap in the French Alps *{{ill|Cinémathèque de Grenoble|fr}} in Grenoble *{{ill|Cinémathèque Jean Marie Boursicot|fr}} in Marseille, dedicated exclusively to the conservation of advertising film, enriched every year, by an additional 25 000 films sent by 750 advertising agency correspondents in 80 countries. *Cinémathèque Méliès in Paris, collects, preserves and promotes the work of Georges Méliès *{{ill|Cinémathèque de Nouvelle-Aquitaine|fr}} in Limoges *{{ill|Cinémathèque Hauts-de-France|fr}} *{{ill|Cinémathèque Robert-Lynen|fr}} founded in 1926 in Paris. One of the things that sets it apart from other cinematheques is that it is used for educational purposes by schools (from nursery to high school). *{{ill|Département Son, vidéo, multimedia de la Bibliothèque nationale de France|fr}} in the National Library of France, founded in 1461 in Paris *{{ill|Cinémathèque du documentaire|fr}} in Paris, responsible for supporting and promoting the production and distribution of works in the documentary genre. *{{ill|Cinémathèque régionale de Bourgogne Jean-Douchet|fr}} in Dijon, Burgundy *National Audiovisual Institute is the repository of all French radio and television audiovisual archives. It has allowed free online consultation on a website called ina.fr with a search tool indexing 100,000 archives of historical programs, for a total of 20,000 hours. *{{ill|Archives françaises du film|fr}} is part of the National Centre for Cinema are both located in the Fort de Bois-d'Arcy, southwest of Paris. *GP Archives (GP for Gaumont Pathé)

;; Germany *Deutsche Kinemathek in Berlin, *DFF Deutsches Filmnstitut & Filmmuseum in Frankfurt *Filmmuseum Potsdam Institut der Filmuniversität Babelsberg KONRAD WOLF in Potsdam *Film Museum München in Munich *Filmmuseum der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf in Düsseldorf

;; Italy *Cineteca Nazionale in Rome *Cineteca Italiana in Milan *Cineteca di Bologna in Bologna

;; Luxembourg *Cinémathèque de la Ville de Luxembourg in Luxembourg City<ref>{{cite web|title=Cinémathèque de la Ville de Luxembourg|url=http://www.vdl.lu/Culture+et+Loisirs/Art+et+Culture/Cinémathèque.html|accessdate=8 October 2014|publisher=Cinémathèque de la Ville de Luxembourg}}</ref>

;; Norway *Cinemateket in Oslo *Cinemateket in Trondheim

;; Poland *Iluzjon - Film Art Museum in Warsaw

;; Portugal *Cinemateca Portuguesa in Lisbon

;; Romania *[http://www.anf-cinemateca.ro/selectii-din-program Arhiva Nationala de Filme - Cinemateca] in Bucharest

;; Serbia *State Audiovisual Archives of Serbia – Yugoslav Cinematheque in Belgrade

;; Slovenia *Slovenska kinoteka in Ljubljana

;; Spain *Filmoteca de Catalunya in Barcelona *Filmoteca Española in Madrid *Filmoteca de Galica in A Coruña *{{ill|Instituto Valenciano de Cinematografía|es}} in Valencia

;; Sweden *Cinemateket in Stockholm

;; Ukraine *Oleksandr Dovzhenko National Centre in Kyiv

;; United Kingdom *British Film Institute in London

;; Switzerland *Cinémathèque suisse in Lausanne

== Oceania== '''Australia''' * [https://www.nfsa.gov.au/events/canberra-experiences/nfsa-arc-cinema Arc Cinema] at the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia in Canberra, ACT * Australian Cinémathèque in the Queensland Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane, Queensland * Melbourne Cinematheque in Melbourne, Victoria * [http://mercurycinema.org.au/products/our-films/cinematheque/ Adelaide Cinémathèque] in the [http://www.mercurycinema.org.au Mercury Cinema], Adelaide, South Australia

==See also== * Lists of film archives

== References == {{Reflist}}

== External links == {{Commons category|Cinémathèques}} {{Wiktionary|cinematheque}} * [http://www.fiafnet.org/ International Federation of Film Archives] - Official Website *[https://ace-film.eu/ ACE - Association des Cinémathèques Européennes] - Official Website * [https://thecinematheque.ca/ The Cinematheque] - Official Website * [http://www.cinemathequeontario.ca/ Cinematheque Ontario] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312070658/http://www.cinemathequeontario.ca/ |date=2010-03-12 }} - Official Website * [http://www.cinemathequewaterloo.org/ Cinematheque Waterloo] - Official Website * [http://www.winnipegcinematheque.com/ Winnipeg Film Group's Cinematheque] - Official Website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080821123910/http://www.koreafilm.org/ Korean Film Archive] - Official Website * [http://qag.qld.gov.au/cinematheque Australian Cinémathèque] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102204458/http://qag.qld.gov.au/cinematheque |date=2011-11-02 }} - Official Website * [https://www.nfsa.gov.au/ National Film and Sound Archive of Australia] – official website * [http://www.sfi.se/cinemateket Swedish Cinematheque] - Official Website * [http://www.kinoteka.si/ Slovenian Cinematheque] - Official Website

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cinematheques