{{short description|Antihypertensive drug of the calcium channel blocker class}} {{Drugbox | IUPAC_name = 3-(''E'')-3-Phenyl-2-propenyl 5-2-methoxyethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(''m''-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate | image = Cilnidipine.svg | image_class = skin-invert-image | width = 250px
<!--Clinical data--> | tradename = Atelec (アテレック), Cilaheart, Cilacar | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|international|cilnidipine}} | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X --> | legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled--> | legal_CA = <!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C --> | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --> | legal_status = | routes_of_administration =
<!--Pharmacokinetic data--> | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | elimination_half-life = | excretion =
<!--Identifiers--> | IUPHAR_ligand = 7767 | CAS_number = 132203-70-4 | ATC_prefix = C08 | ATC_suffix = CA14 | ATC_supplemental = | PubChem = 5282138 | DrugBank = | ChemSpiderID = 4445338 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = 97T5AZ1JIP | KEGG = D01173
<!--Chemical data--> | chemical_formula = | C=27 | H=28 | N=2 | O=7 | smiles = O=C(OCCOC)\C2=C(\N/C(=C(/C(=O)OC\C=C\c1ccccc1)C2c3cccc([N+]([O-])=O)c3)C)C }} <!-- Definition and medical uses --> '''Cilnidipine''' is a calcium channel blocker. Cilnidipine is approved for use in Japan, China, India, Nepal, and Korea for hypertension.
<!-- Side effects and mechanisms --> It is a calcium antagonist accompanied with <small>L</small>-type and <small>N</small>-type calcium channel blocking functions. Unlike other calcium antagonists, cilnidipine can act on the <small>N</small>-type calcium channel in addition to acting on the <small>L</small>-type calcium channel.
<!-- Society and culture --> It was patented in 1984 and approved for medical use in 1995. Cilnidipine is currently being repurposed and developed for use in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis by Aisa Pharma, a US biopharma development company.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=466 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA466 |language=en}}</ref>
== Medical uses == Cilnidipine decreases blood pressure and is used to treat hypertension and its comorbidities. Due to its blocking action at the <small>N</small>-type and <small>L</small>-type calcium channel, cilnidipine dilates both arterioles and venules, reducing the pressure in the capillary bed. Cilnidipine is vasoselective and has a weak direct dromotropic effect, a strong vasodepressor effect, and an arrhythmia-inhibiting effect. Blood pressure control with cilnidipine treatment in Japanese post-stroke hypertensive patients [The CA-ATTEND study] - the results of a large-scale prospective post-marketing surveillance study of post-stroke hypertensive patients (n = 2667, male 60.4%, 69.0 ± 10.9 years) treated with cilnidipine indicate that cilnidipine was effective in treating uncontrolled blood pressure and was well tolerated in post-stroke hypertensive patients.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Aoki S, Hosomi N, Nezu T, Teshima T, Sugii H, Nagahama S, Kurose Y, Maruyama H, Matsumoto M | display-authors = 6 | title = Blood pressure control with cilnidipine treatment in Japanese post-stroke hypertensive patients: The CA-ATTEND study | journal = Clinical and Experimental Hypertension | volume = 39 | issue = 3 | pages = 225–234 | year = 2017 | pmid = 28448181 | doi = 10.1080/10641963.2016.1235183 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The Ambulatory Blood Pressure Control and Home Blood Pressure (Morning and Evening) Lowering By N-Channel Blocker Cilnidipine (ACHIEVE-ONE) trial is a large-scale (n=2319) clinical study on blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate (PR) in the real world with use of cilnidipine - this study revealed that Cilnidipine significantly reduced BP and PR in hypertensive patients at the clinic and at home, especially with higher BP and PR in the morning. Cilnidipine is currently being studied in the RECONNOITER study in Australia for its effect on Raynaud's and other manifestations of disease in patients with Systemic Sclerosis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kario K, Ando S, Kido H, Nariyama J, Takiuchi S, Yagi T, Shimizu T, Eguchi K, Ohno M, Kinoshita O, Yamada T | display-authors = 6 | title = The effects of the L/N-type calcium channel blocker (cilnidipine) on sympathetic hyperactive morning hypertension: results from ACHIEVE-ONE | journal = Journal of Clinical Hypertension | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 133–42 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23339732 | doi = 10.1111/jch.12042 | pmc = 8034443 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380810&isReview=true | title=ANZCTR - Registration }}</ref>
== Side effects == The side effects could be severe dizziness, fast heartbeat, and swelling of face, lips, tongue, eyelids, hands and feet. Lesser side effects include stomach pain, diarrhea and hypotension.
Peripheral edema, a common side effect from the use of amlodipine, was reduced when patients were shifted to cilnidipine.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Minami J, Kawano Y, Makino Y, Matsuoka H, Takishita S | title = Effects of cilnidipine, a novel dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, on autonomic function, ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in patients with essential hypertension | journal = British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 50 | issue = 6 | pages = 615–20 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11136301 | pmc = 2015014 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00299.x }}</ref>
== Brand names == In India, it is sold under the brand name Cinod, Cilacar, Clinblue, Cilaheart, and among others at doses of 5mg–10mg–20mg.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://medicaldialogues.in/partner/jbcpl/cilacar-cilnidipine | title=Cilacar (Cilnidipine): Uses, Side Effects, Dosage - Medical Dialogues | publisher=Medical Dialogues | date=3 March 2021 | access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref>
==History== It was jointly developed by Fuji Viscera Pharmaceutical Company and Ajinomoto,<nowiki/> and was approved to enter the market and be used as an anti-hypertensive in 1995.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
== References == {{Reflist}}
== Further reading == {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Löhn M, Muzzulini U, Essin K, Tsang SY, Kirsch T, Litteral J, Waldron P, Conrad H, Klugbauer N, Hofmann F, Haller H, Luft FC, Huang Y, Gollasch M | display-authors = 6 | title = Cilnidipine is a novel slow-acting blocker of vascular L-type calcium channels that does not target protein kinase C | journal = Journal of Hypertension | volume = 20 | issue = 5 | pages = 885–93 | date = May 2002 | pmid = 12011649 | doi = 10.1097/00004872-200205000-00023 | s2cid = 30765257 }} {{refend}}
Category:Calcium channel blockers Category:Dihydropyridines Category:3-Nitrophenyl compounds Category:Carboxylate esters Category:Ethers