{{Short description|Flower arrangement during chadō}} {{Italic title|reason=:Category:Japanese words and phrases}} {{Infobox Chinese |kanji=茶花 |hiragana= ちゃばな |revhep=Chabana |kunrei = Tyabana }} [[File:松風荘 フィラデルフィア (2).jpg|thumb|''Chabana'' arrangement of the ''Sōgetsu-ryū'' school]] {{Nihongo|3='''Chabana'''|2=茶花|4={{lit|tea flowers}}|lead=yes}} is a generic term for the arrangement of flowers put together for display at a Japanese tea ceremony, and also for the wide variety of plants conventionally considered as appropriate material for such use, as witnessed by the existence of such encyclopedic publications as the ''Genshoku Chabana Daijiten'' [All-color encyclopedia of chabana].<ref name="Genshoku Chabana Daijiten">Genshoku Chabana Daijiten, supervising editor Tsukamoto Yōtarō. {{ISBN|4-473-01020-1}}.</ref> The method of arranging the flowers is according to the ''nageire'', or thrown in, style of flower arranging.<ref name="Genshoku_chabana">Genshoku Chadō Daijiten, Iguchi Kaisen et al., ed. (Kyoto: Tankosha Pub. Co., 10th printing, 1975). (in Japanese) Entry for "chabana".</ref> In turn, nageire is recognized as a certain stylistic category of Kadō,<ref name="Genshoku_kado"/> the Japanese "Way of Flowers". These all developed from ikebana, which had its origin in early Buddhist flower offerings (kuge).<ref name="Kodansha">Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan (1983, 1st ed.), entry for "flower arrangement".</ref> Chabana, however, refers specifically to the flower display in the room or space for chadō,<ref>Kōjien Japanese dictionary (Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten), entry for "chabana".</ref> and though it fundamentally is a form of ikebana, it comprises a genre unto its own.
==History== The history of {{translit|ja|chabana}} follows hand-in-hand with the history of {{translit|ja|chadō}}, and within that historical milieu, {{translit|ja|chabana}} emerged in tandem with the rise of {{translit|ja|wabi-cha}} around the Momoyama period. Sen no Rikyū is considered the most influential person in the development of wabi-cha, and is also credited as the originator of the accompanying {{translit|ja|nageire}} mode of flower arrangement, which is characterized by freedom and spontaneity in expressing the natural beauty of the material.<ref name="Kodansha"/> Among the statements attributed to him, the first one in the set of seven known as "Rikyū's Seven Precepts" (''Rikyū shichisoku'') concerns ''chabana''.<ref>Rikyū Daijiten (Rikyū Encyclopedia), supervising eds. Sen Sosa et al., {{ISBN|4-473-01110-0}}.</ref> It goes, "The flowers [Chabana] should be such as they are in the moor."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mittwer |first1=Henry |title=Art of Chabana: Flowers for the Tea Ceremony |date=10 March 2012 |publisher=Tuttle Publishing |isbn=978-1-4629-1225-4 |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=15PQAgAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|39}} In the history of ikebana, the {{translit|ja|nageire}} style was added to the more stylized rikka arrangement around the end of the 1600s, as influenced by chabana.<ref name="Genshoku_kado">''Genshoku Chadō Daijiten'', entry for "Kadō".</ref> The term "{{translit|ja|chabana}}" was first used in 1765 during the Meiwa period. It is believed to first appeared in ''The Tale of Genji''.<ref>{{cite book |title=茶席の花 |date=1977 |publisher=保育社 |isbn=978-4-586-50408-4 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/茶席の花/YPv8on-QPukC |language=ja}}</ref>{{rp|98}}
==Usage== {{translit|ja|Chabana}} can have a variety of uses depending on the styles of a certain tea ceremonies. In some cases, {{translit|ja|kakemono}} and flowers will be placed together or separately from {{translit|ja|tokonoma}}, and a pot of Japanese sweet flag was placed on the pot. Other than Japanese sweet flag, cammellia, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, and daffodils is commonly used. There are some flowers that are prohibited, such as "western flowers". According to ''Southern Record'', flowers of plants such as wintersweets and mountain mugwort, alongside strong fragrant flowers, and flowers from plants with thorns are generally prohibited. <ref>{{cite news |title=茶花(チャバナ)とは？ 意味や使い方 |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/茶花-566907 |access-date=20 February 2026 |work=Kotobank |language=ja |trans-title=What is Chabana? Definition and how to use}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hisamatsu |first1=Shin'ichi |title=Zen and the Fine Arts |url=https://www.google.com.ph/books/edition/Zen_and_the_Fine_Arts/oyRQAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=Chabana |access-date=20 February 2026 |publisher=Kodansha International |date=1971 |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|81}}<ref name="Genshoku_chabana"/>
==Stylistic traits== {{translit|ja|Chabana}} comes with minimal rules and appeals to those who prefer a simple, natural look in their creation. The arrangement is a seasonal expression of flowers placed in a simple vase or basket. It is intended to both heighten and deepen the atmosphere of the tea gathering as called for by the occasion.<ref>''Urasenke Chadō Textbook''. (Kyoto: Tankōsha Publishing Co., 2011, 1st ed.) p. 180,</ref> <!-- The materials for the vases range from bronze to both glazed and unglazed ceramics as well as bamboo, glass, and other materials. An important concept in {{translit|ja|chadō}} is the distinction between {{translit|ja|shin}}, {{translit|ja|gyō}}, {{translit|ja|sō}}, which may be rendered as "formal, moderate, relaxed", a distinction which informs every aspect of chadō. If the space where the tea gathering is taking place is a formal venue, such as a large {{translit|ja|shoin}} style reception room, then the {{translit|ja|chabana}} suitably should be in a formal vase or basket.
When arranging {{translit|ja|chabana}} the host first selects the flowers and then an appropriate vase.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} No props are used as in {{translit|ja|ikebana}} and the finished arrangement of flowers should evoke a feeling similar to what one feels in the natural garden setting.-->
==Gallery== <gallery> 松風荘 フィラデルフィア (1).jpg|Wider image of the same arrangement within the context of a {{translit|ja|tokonoma}} alcove, in front of a {{translit|ja|kakemono}} hanging scroll 4. Chabana, Ric Bansho Carrasco, 2010.jpg|''Chabana'' arrangement of the {{translit|ja|Banmi Shofu-ryū}} school 茶花 (1).jpg| Traditional summer {{translit|ja|chabana}} hanging at the {{translit|ja|tokonoma}} alcove in a "cicada" bamboo vase, with hibiscus flower. </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}}
== External links == * {{commons category-inline}}
Category:Chadō Category:Ikebana