{{Short description|Venezuelan tepui}} {{Infobox mountain | name = Cerro Duida | image = Laesmeraldamercal.JPG | image_caption = Cerro Duida (background) as seen from La Esmeralda | elevation_m = 2358 | elevation_ref = <ref name=intro /> | prominence_m = | prominence_ref = | listing = | map = Venezuela | map_caption = Location in Venezuela | map_size = 250 | label_position = | location = Amazonas, Venezuela | range = | coordinates = {{coord|03|30|48|N|65|37|34|W|type:mountain_region:VE_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = | range_coordinates = | type = | age = | first_ascent = | easiest_route = }}
'''Cerro Duida''', known as '''Yennamadi''' by the Ye'kuana,<ref>{{cite book | last1=Zinck | first1=J. A. | last2=García | first2=P. | title=Peatlands of the Western Guayana Highlands, Venezuela | chapter=Tepui Peatlands: Setting and Features | publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg | publication-place=Berlin, Heidelberg | volume=217 | date=2011 | isbn=978-3-642-20137-0 | doi=10.1007/978-3-642-20138-7_4 | chapter-url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-20138-7_4 | access-date=2022-02-11 | pages=91–126}}</ref> is a very large tepui in Amazonas state, Venezuela.<ref name=intro /> It has an uneven and heavily inclined plateau, rising from highs of around {{convert|1300|–|1400|m|ft|sigfig=2}} in the north and east to a maximum of {{convert|2358|m|ft|0}} on its southwestern rim.<ref name="intro">{{cite book |last=Huber |first=O. |title=Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden Press |year=1995 |editor1=P.E. Berry |volume=1. Introduction |isbn= 9780915279739 |location=St. Louis |pages=1–61 |chapter=Geographical and physical features |editor2=B.K. Holst |editor3=K. Yatskievych}}</ref> It has a summit area of {{convert|1089|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}} and an estimated slope area of {{convert|715|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=intro /> At its foot lies the small settlement of La Esmeralda, from which the mountain can be climbed.<ref name="T&H">{{Cite journal |last1=Tate |first1=G. H. H. |last2=Hitchcock |first2=C. B. |date=1930 |title=The Cerro Duida Region of Venezuela |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/209125 |journal=Geographical Review |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=31–52 |doi=10.2307/209125 |jstor=209125 |issn=0016-7428}}</ref>
Cerro Duida shares a common base with the much smaller (but taller) Cerro Marahuaca, located off its northeastern flank, and together they form the '''Duida–Marahuaca Massif'''.<ref name=intro /> Both tepuis are entirely within the bounds of Duida-Marahuaca National Park. Sandwiched between them, a massive ridge known as Cerro Petaca rises to at least {{convert|2700|m|ft|sigfig=2}}. The much lower Cerro Huachamacari, derived from a separate base, lies to the northwest of this complex.<ref name=intro />
==Tyler-Duida expedition== George Henry Hamilton Tate led a major expedition of the American Museum of Natural History to Cerro Duida in 1928–1929.<ref name=T&H /><ref name=exploration /> Named the Tyler-Duida Expedition, it was the first to reach the mountain's summit plateau and the first to climb a tepui of the Venezuelan Amazon.<ref name=veg /> Mount Duida frog was first collected during the expedition and is still not known from anywhere else, although it was formally described only 40 years later.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rivero |first1=J. A. |year=1968 |title=A new species of ''Elosia'' (Amphibia, Salientia) from Mt. Duida, Venezuela |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=2334 |pages=1–9 |hdl=2246/2544 |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/2544}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Craugastoridae/Ceuthomantinae/Dischidodactylus/Dischidodactylus-duidensis |title=''Dischidodactylus duidensis'' (Rivero, 1968) |last=Frost |first= Darrel R. |year=2015 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=29 August 2015}}</ref> Although primarily a zoological expedition, much plant material was collected.<ref name="exploration">{{cite book |last=Huber |first=O. |title=Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden Press |year=1995 |editor1=P.E. Berry |volume=1. Introduction |isbn= 9780915279739 |location=St. Louis |pages=63–95 |chapter=History of botanical exploration |editor2=B.K. Holst |editor3=K. Yatskievych }}</ref> These herbarium collections were studied extensively by Henry Gleason, who formally described many of the mountain's plant species in a series of papers published in 1931.<ref name="Gleason1">{{Cite journal |last=Gleason |first=H. A. |date=1931 |title=Botanical Results of the Tyler-Duida Expedition |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2997213 |journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club |volume=58 |issue=5 |pages=277–344 |doi=10.2307/2997213 |jstor=2997213 |issn=0040-9618}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gleason |first=H. A. |date=1931 |title=Botanical Results of the Tyler-Duida Expedition (Continued) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2480734 |journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=345–404 |doi=10.2307/2480734 |jstor=2480734 |issn=0040-9618}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gleason |first=H. A. |date=1931 |title=Botanical Results of the Tyler-Duida Expedition (Continued) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2480424 |journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club |volume=58 |issue=7 |pages=405–464 |doi=10.2307/2480424 |jstor=2480424 |issn=0040-9618}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gleason |first=H. A. |date=1931 |title=Botanical Results of the Tyler-Duida Expedition (Continued) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2480621 |journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club |volume=58 |issue=8 |pages=465–506 |doi=10.2307/2480621 |jstor=2480621 |issn=0040-9618}}</ref> This was followed by a number of important botanical explorations of Cerro Duida, first by Julian A. Steyermark in 1944 and later by Bassett Maguire in 1949 and 1950.<ref name=exploration /><ref name="veg">{{cite book |last=Huber |first=O. |title=Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden Press |year=1995 |editor1=P.E. Berry |volume=1. Introduction |isbn= 9780915279739 |location=St. Louis |pages=97–160 |chapter=Vegetation |editor2=B.K. Holst |editor3=K. Yatskievych}}</ref>
==See also== * Distribution of ''Heliamphora'' * Duida grass finch
==References== {{reflist}}
==Further reading== {{refbegin}} * {{Cite journal |last=Chapman |first=Frank M. |date=1931 |title=Problems of the Roraima. Duida Region as Presented by the Bird Life |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/209426 |journal=Geographical Review |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=363–372 |doi=10.2307/209426 |jstor=209426 |issn=0016-7428}} {{refend}}
{{Tepuis |Venezuela}}
Category:Tepuis of Venezuela Category:Mountains of Amazonas (Venezuelan state)