'''Cereins''' are a group of bacteriocins produced by various strains of the bacterium ''Bacillus cereus''. Although all cereins are by definition produced by ''B. cereus'', it is possible that they are chemically quite different from one another. Cereins have been found to be active against other strains of ''B. cereus'',<ref name=Naclerio/> as well as a broad range of other gram-positive bacteria. Like other bacteriocins, cereins are generally named after the strain in which their production was first discovered. Named cereins include cerein 7,<ref name=Oscatriz7/> cerein 7B,<ref name=Oscatriz7B/> cerein 8A,<ref name=Bizani/> and cerein MRX1.<ref name=Sebei/>
== Clinical research == It has been studies that a type of cerein 8A is very effective in inhibiting the effects of the pathogenic bacteria ''Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica'' that causes diarrhea, stomach aches, and fever.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-12|title=Symptoms {{!}} Salmonella {{!}} CDC|url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/salmonella-symptoms.html|access-date=2021-05-02|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-31|title=CDC - Signs & Symptoms - Salmonella Enteritidis Infections Linked to Ground Beef - Salmonella|url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/enteritidis-07-12/signs-symptoms.html|access-date=2021-05-02|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us}}</ref> In clinical research, it was discovered that cerein 8A in combination with combination with sodium lactate killed ''Salmonella enterica'' in a dose-dependent fashion.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Sign in {{!}} Hunter College Libraries|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160509004681|access-date=2021-05-02|journal=International Journal of Food Microbiology|date=15 November 2009 |volume=135 |issue=3 |pages=312–316 |doi=10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.09.003 |last1=Lappe |first1=Rosiele |last2=Motta |first2=Amanda S. |last3=Sant'Anna |first3=Voltaire |last4=Brandelli |first4=Adriano |pmid=19775768 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Cerein 8A was also found to inhibit growth of ''Listeria monocytogenes'', a pathogenic bacteria commonly found in dairy products such as milk.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-24|title=Listeria (Listeriosis) {{!}} Listeria {{!}} CDC|url=https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/index.html|access-date=2021-05-02|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Sign in {{!}} Hunter College Libraries|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160507005909|access-date=2021-05-02|journal=International Journal of Food Microbiology|date=31 January 2008 |volume=121 |issue=2 |pages=229–233 |doi=10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.016 |last1=Bizani |first1=Delmar |last2=Morrissy |first2=Juliana A. C. |last3=Dominguez |first3=Ana P. M. |last4=Brandelli |first4=Adriano |pmid=18068253 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Cerein 8A at 1600 AU ml<sup>−1</sup> has a significant inhibitory effect on ''Bacillus cereus'' spores.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bizani |first=D. |last2=Dominguez |first2=A.P.M. |last3=Brandelli |first3=A. |date=September 2005 |title=Purification and partial chemical characterization of the antimicrobial peptide cerein 8A |url=https://academic.oup.com/lambio/article/41/3/269/6703177 |journal=Letters in Applied Microbiology |language=en |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=269–273 |doi=10.1111/j.1472-765X.2005.01748.x |issn=0266-8254|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==References== {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=Naclerio>{{cite journal|last1=Naclerio|first1=G|last2=Ricca|first2=E|last3=Sacco|first3=M|last4=De Felice|first4=M|title=Antimicrobial activity of a newly identified bacteriocin of Bacillus cereus|journal=Appl Environ Microbiol|date=December 1993|volume=59|issue=12|pages=4313–6|doi=10.1128/aem.59.12.4313-4316.1993|pmid=8285719|pmc=195902}}</ref>
<ref name=Oscatriz7>{{cite journal|last1=Oscátriz|first1=Juan Carlos|last2=Lasa|first2=Iñigo|last3=Pisabarro|first3=Antonio|title=Detection and characterization of cerein 7, a new bacteriocin produced by Bacillus cereus with a broad spectrum of activity|journal=FEMS Microbiol. Lett.|date=19 September 1999|volume=178|issue=2|pages=337–341|pmid=10499284|doi=10.1016/s0378-1097(99)00370-5}}</ref>
<ref name=Oscatriz7B>{{cite journal|last1=Oscátriz|first1=JC|last2=Cintas|first2=L|last3=Holo|first3=H|last4=Lasa|first4=I|last5=Nes|first5=IF|last6=Pisabarro|first6=AG|title=Purification and sequencing of cerein 7B, a novel bacteriocin produced by Bacillus cereus Bc7|journal=FEMS Microbiol. Lett.|date=January 2006|volume=254|issue=1|pages=108–15|pmid=16451187|doi=10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00009.x|doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name=Bizani>{{cite journal|last1=Bizani|first1=B|last2=Brandelli|first2=A|title=Characterization of a bacteriocin produced by a newly isolated Bacillus sp. Strain 8 A|journal=Journal of Applied Microbiology|date=September 2002|volume=93|issue=3|pages=512–519|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01720.x|pmid=12174052|s2cid=32222260}}</ref>
<ref name=Sebei>{{cite journal|last1=Sebei|first1=S|last2=Zendo|first2=T|last3=Boudabous|first3=A|last4=Nakayama|first4=J|last5=Sonomoto|first5=K|title=Characterization, N-terminal sequencing and classification of cerein MRX1, a novel bacteriocin purified from a newly isolated bacterium: Bacillus cereus MRX1|journal=J Appl Microbiol|date=November 2007|volume=103|issue=5|pages=1621–31|pmid=17953573|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03395.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> }}
Category:Bacteriocins Category:Bactericides Category:Bacterial toxins Category:Antimicrobial peptides