{{Short description|Variety of plant}} {{Redirect|Celery root|the root of common celery|Celery}} {{Distinguish|Coeliac disease|Cerelac}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Infobox cultivar | name = Celeriac | image = Céleri-rave-fendu.jpg | image_caption = A celeriac hypocotyl sliced in half, and with the greens removed | image_alt = | genus = ''Apium'' | species = ''Apium graveolens'' | group = Rapaceum Group or Celeriac Group<ref name=NCBI_Celeriac/> | origin = | subdivision = *Bergers White Ball *Diamant *Giant Prague *Goliath *Ibis *Kojak *Monarch *Monet F1 *Prinz *Snow White<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.urbanorganicgardening.org/celery-and-celeriac.html |title=Growing Crops: Celery and Celeriac |date=17 June 2011 |work=Urban Organic Gardening |access-date=28 January 2012 |archive-date=12 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012131832/http://www.urbanorganicgardening.org/celery-and-celeriac.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Schuchert" /> }}
'''Celeriac''' ('''''Apium graveolens'' Rapaceum Group''', synonyms '''''Apium graveolens'' Celeriac Group''' and '''''Apium graveolens'' var. ''rapaceum'''''),<ref name=NCBI_Celeriac>{{Cite web |title=''Apium graveolens'' Rapaceum Group |website=NCBI Taxonomy Browser |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=278110 |access-date=2024-05-28 }}</ref> also called '''celery root''',<ref>{{cite web|first=Molly|last=Watson|url=http://localfoods.about.com/od/fall/tp/aboutceleryroot.htm|title=All About Celery Root (Celeriac)|publisher=localfoods.about.com|access-date=29 April 2014|archive-date=25 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125031719/http://localfoods.about.com/od/fall/tp/aboutceleryroot.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> '''knob celery''',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zanteson |first=Lori |date=2019-11-07 |title=Health benefits of celery root may just surprise you |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/11/7/20921957/health-benefits-of-celery-root-recipe |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=Chicago Sun-Times |language=en}}</ref> and '''turnip-rooted celery'''<ref name="eb1911">{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Celery |volume=5 |page=500}}</ref> (although it is not a close relative of the turnip), is a group of cultivars of ''Apium graveolens'' cultivated for their edible bulb-like hypocotyl, and shoots.
Celeriac is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean Basin and in Northern Europe.<ref name="Schuchert">{{cite web |url=http://www2.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/pr/garten/schau/ApiumgraveolensLvarrapaceum/Celeriac.html |title=Celeriac (''Apium graveolens'' L. var. ''rapaceum'') |last1=Schuchert |first1=Wolfgang |work=Crop Exhibition |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research |access-date=28 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520225912/http://www2.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/pr/garten/schau/ApiumgraveolensLvarrapaceum/Celeriac.html |archive-date=20 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="eb1911" /> It is also but less commonly cultivated in North Africa, Siberia, Southwest Asia, and North America.<ref name="Schuchert" /><ref name="Owlcroft">{{cite web |url=https://growingtaste.com/vegetables/celeriac.shtml |title=Celeriac (''Apium graveolens rapaceum'') |work=Growing Taste: A Home Food-Gardening Resource}}</ref>
== History == {{Expand section|date=April 2022}} Wild celery (''Apium graveolens''), from which both celeriac and celery derive, originated in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin.<ref name=POWO_838067-1>{{citation |mode=cs2 |title=''Apium graveolens'' L. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:838067-1 |access-date=2024-05-28}}</ref><ref name="Schuchert" /> It was mentioned in the ''Iliad''<ref>{{cite book |title=The Iliad of Homer |at=2.776 }}</ref> and ''Odyssey''<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Staub |first=Jack |date=2006-11-29 |title=The Vegetable World's Ugly Duckling: Celeriac |language=en |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6551175 |access-date=2022-07-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eattheseasons.com/Archive/celery_root.htm |year=2010 |title=eat celery root |publisher=eattheseasons.com |access-date=29 April 2014 |archive-date=6 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006090000/http://www.eattheseasons.com/Archive/celery_root.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> as ''selinon''.<ref group=notes> ''Σέλινον'' has been translated by Lattimore as "the parsley that grows in wet places," by Murray as "parsley of the marsh," and by Butler as "wild celery." </ref> Celeriac was grown as a medicinal crop in some early civilizations.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citation |last=Farooqi |first=A. A. |title=17 – Celeriac |date=2006-01-01 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781845690175500178 |work=Handbook of Herbs and Spices |pages=313–316 |editor-last=Peter |editor-first=K. V. |series=Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition |publisher=Woodhead Publishing |language=en |isbn=978-1-84569-017-5 |access-date=2022-07-09 |last2=Kathiresan |first2=C. |last3=Srinivasappa |first3=K. N.}}</ref>
==Culinary use== {{Cookbook|Celery Root}}thumb|Celeriac harvested for eating Typically, celeriac is harvested when its hypocotyl is {{convert|10|to|14|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=off}} in diameter.<ref name="Owlcroft" /> This is white on the inside, and can be kept for months in winter. It often serves as a key ingredient in soup. It can also be shredded and used in salads. The leaves are used as seasoning; the small, fibrous stalks find only marginal use.<ref name="Schuchert"/>
The shelf life of celeriac is approximately six to eight months if stored between {{convert|0|and|5|C|F}}, and not allowed to dry out.<ref name="fao.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/x5403e/x5403e09.htm|date=March 1995|title=Small-scale postharvest handling practices – A manual for horticultural crops – 3rd edition|publisher=FAO Agriculture and Consumer protection|access-date=29 April 2014|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153219/http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/x5403e/x5403e09.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, the vegetable will tend to rot through the centre if the finer stems surrounding the base are left attached. The centre of celeriac becomes hollow as it ages, though even freshly harvested celeriacs can have a small medial hollow.<ref name="fao.org"/> The freshness will also be obvious from the taste; the older it is, the weaker the celery flavour.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}
{{Stack| {{Nutritional value | name=Celeriac (raw) | water=88 g | kJ=176 | protein=1.5 g | fat=0.3 g | carbs=9.2 g | fibre=1.8 g | sugars=1.6 g | calcium_mg=43 | iron_mg=0.7 | magnesium_mg=20 | phosphorus_mg=115 | potassium_mg=300 | sodium_mg=100 | zinc_mg=0.33 | manganese_mg=0.158 | vitC_mg=8 | thiamin_mg=0.05 | riboflavin_mg=0.06 | niacin_mg=0.7 | pantothenic_mg=0.352 | vitB6_mg=0.165 | vitK_ug=41 | source_usda=1 | note=[https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170400/nutrients Link to USDA Database entry] }} |float=left}} {{Clear}}
==See also== * List of vegetables * List of root vegetables
== Explanatory notes == {{Reflist|group=notes}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/vegetables-and-vegetable-products/2395/2 Nutritional Summary for Celeriac, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt] * {{cite web |url= http://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/Plant-trials-and-awards/Plant-awards/AGM-fruit-and-veg/AGM-asparagus_chard_pak_rhubarb_melon |title= RHS Award of Garden Merit: Asparagus, Celeriac, chard, Chinese cabbage, fennel, melon, pak choi, rhubarb 2011 |access-date= 31 January 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130708081936/http://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/Plant-trials-and-awards/Plant-awards/AGM-fruit-and-veg/AGM-asparagus_chard_pak_rhubarb_melon |archive-date= 8 July 2013 |url-status= dead }} {{small|(306 KB)}}
{{Edible Apiaceae}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q575174}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Edible Apiaceae Category:Root vegetables Category:Celery