{{Short description|Criminal organization in Italy}} {{About||the 1972 film originally titled ''Camorra''|Gang War in Naples{{!}}''Gang War in Naples''|the 1986 Italian film|Camorra (1986 film){{!}}''Camorra'' (1986 film)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} {{Infobox Criminal organization | name = Camorra | native_name = ''Sistema'' | image = | caption = | founding_location = Campania, Italy | territory = Territories with established coordination structures with significant territorial control are in Campania, in particular in the provinces of Naples, Caserta and Salerno. The Camorra has secondary ramifications in other Italian regions as well as in other countries with varying degrees of presence. | criminal_activities = | years_active = Since the 18th century | ethnicity = Campanians | membership = 10,000<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.affaritaliani.it/cronache/pi-fatturato-di-mcdonald-s-il-giro-d-affari-della-ndrangheta260314.|title=FBI Italian/Mafia |work=FBI |access-date=26 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172413/http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/organizedcrime/italian_mafia |archive-date=24 May 2014 }}</ref><ref name=Gayrau>{{cite book |last=Gayrau |first=Jean-François|date=2005 |title=Le Monde des mafias: Géopolitique du crime organisé |trans-title=The World of Mafias: Geopolitics of Organized Crime|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6x1KtwZ1XMC&pg=PA86 |language=fr |location=Paris |publisher=Odile Jacob |isbn= 9782738187338|page=86}}</ref><ref name=Abadinsky>{{cite book|last=Abadinsky|first=Howard|date=2012|title=Organized Crime|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HcoKAAAAQBAJ|location=Belmont|publisher=Wadsworth, Cengage Learning|isbn=9781285401577|pages=122–123|access-date=4 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104132540/https://books.google.be/books?id=HcoKAAAAQBAJ|archive-date=4 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> full members, unknown number of associates }}
The '''Camorra''' ({{IPA|it|kaˈmɔrra|lang}}; {{IPA|nap|kaˈmorrə|lang}}) is an Italian Mafia-type<ref name=santino>[http://www.centroimpastato.it/otherlang/mafia-in-italy.php3 Mafia and Mafia-type organizations in Italy] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194315/http://www.centroimpastato.it/otherlang/mafia-in-italy.php3 |date=29 October 2013 }}, by Umberto Santino, in: Albanese, Das & Verma, ''Organized Crime. World Perspectives'', pp. 82–100</ref> criminal organization and criminal society originating in the region of Campania. It is one of the oldest and largest criminal organizations in Italy, dating to the 18th century. The Camorra's organizational structure is divided into individual groups called "clans". Every ''capo'' or "boss" is the head of a clan, in which there may be tens or hundreds of affiliates, depending on the clan's power and structure. The Camorra's main businesses are drug trafficking, racketeering, counterfeiting, and money laundering. It is also not unusual for Camorra clans to infiltrate the politics of their respective areas.
Since the early 1980s and its involvement in the drug trafficking business, the Camorra has acquired a strong presence in other European countries, particularly Spain. Usually, Camorra clans maintain close contact with South American drug cartels, which facilitates the arrival of drugs in Europe.
According to Naples public prosecutor Giovanni Melillo, during a 2023 speech of the Antimafia Commission, the most powerful groups of the Camorra in the present day are the Mazzarella clan and the Secondigliano Alliance. The latter is an alliance of the Licciardi, Contini and Mallardo clans.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mangione |first=Antonio |date=2023-09-15 |title=La mappa della camorra a Napoli, 2 grandi clan e tanti gruppi piccoli gruppi criminali si dividono la città |url=https://internapoli.it/la-mappa-della-camorra-a-napoli-2-grandi-clan-e-tanti-gruppi-piccoli-gruppi-criminali-si-dividono-la-citta/ |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=Internapoli.it |language=it-IT}}</ref>
==History== thumb|''Camorristi'' in Naples, 1906 The most accepted hypothesis is that the term "Camorra" was born directly in Campania, around the 16th-17th century, finding its original etymological root in the same expression in Neapolitan and being formed from the junction of the words ''c' 'a-morra'' (with the morra), in reference to the homonymous street game. The first official use of ''camorra'' as a word dates from 1735, when a royal decree authorised the establishment of eight gambling houses in Naples. By virtue of the historical information confirmed, it is widely agreed that the birth of the Neapolitan Camorra, intended as a secret criminal organization, in the form in which it is known today, was created around the 18th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Turone |first=Giuliano |title=Il delitto di associazione mafiosa |date=2008 |publisher=Giuffrè Editore |pages=68 |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Monnier |first=Marc |title=La Camorra: Notizie storiche raccolte e documentate |date=1863 |publisher=Barbera Editore |pages=62 |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=Maurizio |title=Uomini di camorra: la costruzione sociale dell'identità deviante |date=2004 |publisher=FrancoAngeli |pages=89 |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lupo |first=Salvatore |title=Storia della mafia: dalle origini ai giorni nostri |date=2004 |publisher=Donzelli Editore |pages=51 |language=it}}</ref><ref name="behan9">Behan, ''The Camorra'', pp. 9–10</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Montanelli |first=Indro |title=L'Italia del Seicento |publisher=Rizzoli Editore |year=1969 |pages=193 |language=it}}</ref>
The ancestors of the Camorra existed in Campania, in particular in Naples, in the centuries preceding it and were called "''compagniani"'' who moved in groups of four and lived off prostitutes, controlling gambling and committing robberies. In every Neapolitan neighborhood there was a group of ''compagniani'' of which some nobleman was also a member. Their meeting place was the "del Crispano" tavern, near the current Napoli Centrale station. Even the canon Giulio Genoino, the inspirer of Masaniello's revolt, was protected by ''compagniani''. There were also the "''cappiatori"'', street thieves, and the "''campeatori"'', robbers with knives. At the end of the 17th century in Naples there were 1338 hanged, 17 executed leaders, 57 beheaded, 913 condemned to prison. During those centuries, some of the most famous "''compagniani"'' were Fucillo Micone in the 16th century and Cesare Riccardi, called "abate Cesare", in the 17th century, both heads of groups of ''compagniani''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fucillo - Enciclopedia |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/fucillo_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Treccani |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-15 |title=Storia delle mafie e unità d'Italia |url=https://www.ilmattino.it/blog/controstorie/storia_delle_mafie_unit_d_italia-1401277.html?refresh_ce |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=www.ilmattino.it |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Le radici spagnole della camorra |date=February 2017 |publisher=Focus storia |pages=109}}</ref>
The Camorra, known in that period as ''Bella Società Riformata,'' emerged during the chaotic power vacuum between 1799 and 1815, when the Parthenopean Republic was proclaimed on the wave of the French Revolution and the Bourbon Restoration. The first official mention of the Camorra as an organisation dates from 1820, when police records detail a disciplinary meeting of the Camorra, a tribunal known as the ''Gran Mamma''. That year the first written statute of the Camorra, the ''frieno'', was discovered, indicating a stable organisational structure in the underworld. Another statute was discovered in 1842, related to initiation rites and funds set aside for the families of those imprisoned.<ref name="behan12">Behan, ''The Camorra'', pp. 12</ref><ref name="sales72">Sales, ''La camorra, le camorre'', pp. 72–73</ref>
The Camorristi in that period also defined their organization as "''Società della Umirtà''" or "''Annurata Suggità''" ("Honoured Society") to allude to the defense of their "honour", which consisted of omertà (''Umirtà''), that is, the criminal code of silence and the obligation not to speak about the internal affairs of the organization with the police.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-05 |title=Onorata società nell'Enciclopedia Treccani |url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/onorata-societa/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |archive-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005154126/http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/onorata-societa/ |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Scala |first=Tonino |title=Da onorata società a S.P.A. Il salto di qualità della camorra |date=2009 |publisher=La Città del Sole |language=it}}</ref>
The evolution into more organised formations indicated a qualitative change: the Camorra and ''camorristi'' were no longer local gangs living off theft and extortion; they had a fixed structure and some kind of hierarchy. Another qualitative leap was the agreement between the liberal opposition and the Camorra, following the defeat of the 1848 revolution.<ref name=fiore190>Fiore, ''Camorra e polizia nella Napoli borbonica (1840-1860)'', pp. 190-195</ref> The liberals realised that they needed popular support to overthrow the king. They turned to the Camorra and paid them because the ''camorristi'' were the leaders of the city's poor. The new police chief, Liborio Romano, appealed to the head of the Camorra, Salvatore De Crescenzo, to maintain order and appointed him as head of the municipal guard.<ref name=paliotti149>{{in lang|it}} Paliotti, ''Storia della Camorra'', pp. 149–153</ref> In a few decades, the Camorra had developed into power brokers.<ref name=behan12/> In 1869, Ciccio Cappuccio was elected as the ''capintesta'' (head-in-chief) of the Camorra by the twelve district heads (''capintriti''), succeeding De Crescenzo after a short interregnum.<ref name=paliotti143>{{in lang|it}} Paliotti, ''Storia della Camorra'', p. 143</ref> Nicknamed "The king of Naples" ("o rre 'e Napole"), he died in 1892.<ref name=mat061292>{{in lang|it}} [http://www.bibliocamorra.altervista.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=87&Itemid=27 La morte di Ciccio Cappuccio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408073745/http://www.bibliocamorra.altervista.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=87&Itemid=27 |date=8 April 2018 }}, Il Mattino, 6 December 1892</ref><ref name=fiore96>{{in lang|it}} Di Fiore, ''Potere camorrista: quattro secoli di malanapoli'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=xmxoTqJUkL8C&pg=PA96 p. 96–97]</ref>
Following Italian unification in 1861, the government made attempts to suppress the Camorra.<ref name=fiore257>Fiore, ''Camorra e polizia nella Napoli borbonica (1840-1860)'', pp. 257-259</ref> From 1882, it conducted a series of manhunts. The Saredo Inquiry (1900–1901), established to investigate corruption and bad governance in Naples, identified a system of political patronage run by what the report called the "high Camorra": {{Blockquote|The original ''low camorra'' held sway over the poor plebs in an age of abjection and servitude. Then there arose a ''high camorra'' comprising the most cunning and audacious members of the middle class. They fed off trade and public works contracts, political meetings and government bureaucracy. This high camorra strikes deals and does business with the low camorra, swapping promises for favours and favours for promises. The high camorra thinks of the state bureaucracy as being like a field it has to harvest and exploit. Its tools are cunning, nerve and violence. Its strength comes from the streets. And it is rightly considered to be more dangerous, because it has re-established the worst form of despotism by founding a regime based on bullying. The high camorra has replaced free will with impositions, it has nullified individuality and liberty, and it has defrauded the law and public trust.<ref name=machetti>{{in lang|it}} ''[http://www.rivistameridiana.it/files/Machetti,-La-lobby-di-piazza-Municipio.pdf La lobby di piazza Municipio: gli impiegati comunali nella Napoli di fine Ottocento] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619174509/http://www.rivistameridiana.it/files/Machetti,-La-lobby-di-piazza-Municipio.pdf |date=19 June 2018 }}'', by Giulio Machetti, ''Meridiana'', pp. 38–39, 2000</ref><ref name=dickie88>Dickie, ''Mafia Brotherhoods'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=c7v3UWkI8LEC&pg=PT88 pp. 88–89]</ref>}}
The inquiry introduced the terminology of "high Camorra", as having a bourgeois character, and distinct from the plebeian Camorra proper. The two groups were in close contact through the figure of the intermediary (''faccendiere'').<ref name=migliaccio>{{in lang|it}} [http://www.bibliocamorra.altervista.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=27 L'Inchiesta Saredo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408073846/http://www.bibliocamorra.altervista.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=27 |date=8 April 2018 }}, by Antonella Migliaccio, Cultura della Legalità e Biblioteca digitale sulla Camorra, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici dell'Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II (Access date: 5 September 2016)</ref> {{Blockquote|From the rich industrialist who wants a clear road into politics or administration to the small shopowner who wants to ask for a reduction of taxes; from the businessman trying to win a contract to a worker looking for a job in a factory; from a professional who wants more clients or greater recognition to somebody looking for an office job; from somebody from the provinces who has come to Naples to buy some goods to somebody who wants to emigrate to America; they all find somebody stepping into their path, and nearly all made use of them.<ref name=behan263>Behan, ''The Camorra'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=XLeHAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT263 pp. 263–64]</ref>}} Scholars dispute whether the "high Camorra" was an integral part of the Camorra proper.<ref name=dickie88/> Although the inquiry did not prove specific collusion between the Camorra and politics, it did reveal the patronage mechanisms that contributed to corruption in the municipality.<ref name=machetti/> The society's influence was weakened, which was exemplified by the defeat of all of their candidates in the 1901 Naples election.
thumb|236px|The Cuocolo Trial. Most of the defendants are in the large cage. The three in front are (from left to right) the priest Ciro Vitozzi, Maria Stendardo, the only female defendant; and Enrico Alfano. In the small cage to the right is the Crown witness Gennaro Abbatemaggio. The Camorra received another blow with the Cuocolo Trial (1911–1912). The trial was ostensibly to prosecute those charged with the murder on 6 June 1906 of the Camorra boss Gennaro Cuocolo and his wife, who were suspected of being police spies. The main investigator, Carabinieri Captain Carlo Fabbroni, transformed the trial into one against the Camorra as a whole, intending to use it to strike the final blow to the Camorra.<ref name=museo>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090808123613/http://www.museocriminologico.it/cuoccolo_uk.htm The Cuocolo trial: the Camorra in the dock], Museo criminologico (Retrieved 25 May 2011)</ref><ref name=nyt050311>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/03/05/104820990.pdf Cuocolo Trial May Be Death Blow of the Camorra], ''The New York Times'', 5 March 1911</ref>
The trial attracted much attention among newspapers and the general public, both in Italy and the United States, including by Pathé's Gazette.<ref name=dickie191>Dickie, ''Blood Brotherhoods'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=D9TbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA191 p. 191] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428151732/https://books.google.com/books?id=D9TbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA191 |date=28 April 2016 }}</ref> The hearings began in 1911. After 17 months, the often tumultuous proceedings ended with a guilty verdict on 8 July 1912 against defendants who included 27 leading Camorra bosses. They were sentenced to a total of 354 years' imprisonment. Enrico Alfano, the main defendant and nominal head of the Camorra, was sentenced to 30 years.<ref name=museo/><ref name=behan23>Behan, ''The Camorra'', p. 23</ref><ref name=nyt090712>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/07/09/104899771.pdf Camorrist Leaders Get 30-Year Terms], ''The New York Times'', 9 July 1912</ref><ref name=tri090712>[http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%206/New%20York%20NY%20Tribune/New%20York%20NY%20Tribune%201912%20Jul%20Grayscale/New%20York%20NY%20Tribune%201912%20Jul%20Grayscale%20-%200159.pdf "Camorra Verdict; All Found Guilty"], ''New York Tribune,'' 9 July 1912</ref>
The Camorra has never been a unified, centralised organisation, but instead a loose confederation of different, independent clans, groups or families. Each group is bound by kinship ties and controlled economic activities that took place in its particular geographic territory. Each clan takes care of its own business, protects its territory, and sometimes tries to expand at another group's expense. There is some minimal coordination to avoid mutual interference. The families compete to maintain a system of checks and balances among equal powers.<ref name=jacq24>Jacquemet, ''Credibility in Court'', p. 24</ref>
One of the Camorra's strategies to gain social prestige was and remains political patronage. The family clans became the preferred go-betweens of local politicians and public officials because of their grip on the community. In turn, the family bosses used their political sway to assist and protect their clients against the local authorities. Through a mixture of brute force, political status, and social leadership, the Camorra clans gained ground as middlemen between the local community and bureaucrats and politicians at national level. They granted privileges and protection, and intervened in favour of their clients, in return for their silence and connivance against local authorities and the police. With their political connections, the heads of the major Neapolitan families became power brokers in local and national political contexts, providing Neapolitan politicians with broad electoral support, and in return receiving benefits for their constituency.<ref name=jacq24/>
From the 1950s until the 1980s, the Camorra played a central role in the cigarette smuggling trade, making Naples the hub of this illicit activity.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-19 |title=Il caso. Il contrabbando di sigarette vale come la cocaina |url=https://www.avvenire.it/attualita/pagine/contrabbando-di-vale-come-la-cocaina |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=www.avvenire.it |language=it |archive-date=13 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250713052002/https://www.avvenire.it/attualita/pagine/contrabbando-di-vale-come-la-cocaina |url-status=dead }}</ref> The smuggling networks extended throughout Italy and beyond, with the trade offering economic relief in a post-war economy struggling with hardships. Smuggling became a key economic lifeline, and fast boats, known as "scafi blu," were used to transport the contraband while evading authorities. Prominent figures like Pio Vittorio Giuliano and Michele Zaza profited from this illegal trade, using the proceeds to expand their criminal empires.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-09-29 |title=È morto Pio Vittorio primo boss dei Giuliano - la Repubblica.it |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2009/09/29/morto-pio-vittorio-primo-boss-dei.html |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=Archivio - la Repubblica.it |language=it}}</ref> The competition for control over smuggling routes led to increased violence between rival clans. For many Neapolitans, cigarette smuggling became a vital part of life, not only as a criminal endeavor but also as a means of survival amid economic hardship.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-21 |title=CrimiNapoli / 14: Michele Zaza, i signori del contrabbando e gli scafi blu nel golfo di Napoli |url=https://www.ilmattino.it/rubriche/criminapoli/criminapoli_michele_zaza_contrabbando_di_sigarette-6453511.html?refresh_ce |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=www.ilmattino.it |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anziano |first=Edoardo |date=2024-01-10 |title=«Sempre meglio che andare a rubare». Il contrabbando di sigarette nella Puglia di Marlboro City |url=https://irpimedia.irpi.eu/adriaticocriminale-contrabbando-sigarette-puglia-montenegro/ |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=IrpiMedia |language=it-IT}}</ref>
==Activities== Compared to the Sicilian Mafia's pyramidal structure, the Camorra has more of a 'horizontal' structure.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://academic.oup.com/restud/article/86/2/457/5060718 |title=Organized Crime, Violence, and Politics | the Review of Economic Studies | Oxford Academic |access-date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524224934/https://academic.oup.com/restud/article/86/2/457/5060718 |archive-date=24 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result, Camorra clans act independently of one another and are more prone to feuding. This, however, makes the Camorra more resilient when top leaders are arrested or killed, as new clans and organisations emerge from the remnants of old ones. Clan leader Pasquale Galasso stated in court, "Campania can get worse because you could cut into a Camorra group, but another ten could emerge from it."<ref name=behan184>Behan, ''Camorra'', pp. 184</ref>
In the 1970s and 1980s, Raffaele Cutolo made an unsuccessful attempt to unify the Camorra families in the manner of the Sicilian Mafia, by forming the New Organized Camorra (''Nuova Camorra Organizzata'' or ''NCO''). Drive-by shootings by ''camorristi'' often result in casualties among the local population but such episodes are often difficult to investigate because of the widespread practise of omertà (code of silence). According to a report published in 2007 by Confesercenti, the second-largest Italian trade organisation, the Camorra control the milk and fish industries, the coffee trade, and over 2,500 bakeries in Naples.<ref>[https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article1292115/Die_Mafia_ist_Italiens_fuehrendes_Unternehmen.html "Die Mafia ist Italiens führendes Unternehmen"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319151030/http://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article1292115/Die_Mafia_ist_Italiens_fuehrendes_Unternehmen.html |date=19 March 2012 }}, Die Welt, 23 October 2007</ref>
In 1983, Italian law enforcement estimated that there were about a dozen Camorra clans. By 1987, the estimate had risen to 26, and in the following year to 32.<ref name=behan191>{{cite book|last=Behan|first=Tom|title=The Camorra|pages=191|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=9780415099875}}</ref> Roberto Saviano, an investigative journalist and author of ''Gomorra'', an exposé of the activities of the Camorra, says that this sprawling network of clans now dwarfs the Sicilian Mafia, the 'Ndrangheta and southern Italy's other organised gangs, in numbers, in economic power and in ruthless violence.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/man-who-took-on-the-mafia-the-truth-about-italys-gangsters-420427.html|title=Man who took on the Mafia: The truth about Italy's gangsters|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no byline.-->|newspaper=The Independent|date=16 October 2006|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524223948/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/man-who-took-on-the-mafia-the-truth-about-italys-gangsters-420427.html|archive-date=24 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2004 and 2005, the Di Lauro clan and the so-called Scissionisti di Secondigliano fought a bloody feud which came to be known in the Italian press as the Scampia feud. The result was over 100 street killings.{{cn|date=February 2026}} At the end of October 2006 a new series of murders took place in Naples between 20 competing clans, costing 12 lives in 10 days. The Interior Minister, Giuliano Amato, decided to send more than 1,000 extra police and carabinieri to Naples to fight crime and protect tourists.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|url=https://m.tagesspiegel.de/politik/mit-mehr-polizei-gegen-die-camorra/771076.html|title=Mit mehr Polizei gegen die Camorra|author=Paul Kreiner|newspaper=Der Tagesspiegel|date=6 November 2006|access-date=24 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524222037/https://m.tagesspiegel.de/politik/mit-mehr-polizei-gegen-die-camorra/771076.html|archive-date=24 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Despite this, in the following year there were over 120 murders.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}
In 2001, the businessman Domenico Noviello from Caserta testified against a Camorra extortionist and subsequently received police protection. In 2008 he refused further protection and was killed one week later.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Why Does the Mob Want to Erase This Writer?|url = https://www.gq.com/story/crime-mob-mafia-roberto-saviano-zerozerozero|first = Joshua|last = Hammer|website = GQ|date = 6 July 2015|access-date = 9 September 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170517133109/http://www.gq.com/story/crime-mob-mafia-roberto-saviano-zerozerozero|archive-date = 17 May 2017|url-status = live}}</ref>
In recent years, various Camorra clans have been allegedly using alliances with Nigerian drug gangs and the Albanian mafia. Augusto La Torre, the former La Torre clan boss who became a pentito, is married to an Albanian woman; the first foreign pentito, a Tunisian, admitted to being involved with the feared Casalesi clan of Casal di Principe. The first town in which the Camorra sanctioned stewardship by a foreign clan was Castel Volturno, which was given to the Rapaces, clans from Lagos and Benin City in Nigeria. This allowed them to traffic cocaine and women in sexual slavery before sending them across Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cafebabel.com/eng/article/22391/roberto-saviano-on-the-italian-camorra.html|title=Roberto Saviano on the Italian Camorra|website=Cafe Babel|date= 8 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001022818/http://www.cafebabel.com/eng/article/22391/roberto-saviano-on-the-italian-camorra.html|archive-date=1 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Waste crisis== {{main|Naples waste management issue|Triangle of death (Italy)|Ecomafia}} Since the 1980s, the Camorra has taken over the handling of waste disposal in the region of Campania. By December 1999, all regional landfills had reached capacity.<ref name=giacomo/> Reports in 2008 stated that the crisis was caused at least in part by the Camorra, which created a lucrative business in the municipal waste disposal business, mostly in the triangle of death. With the complicity of industrial companies, heavy metals, industrial waste, and chemicals and household waste are frequently mixed together, then dumped near roads and burned to avoid detection, leading to severe soil and air pollution.<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=nw20080109155132644C221895&click_id=143&set_id=1 Mafia at centre of Naples' rubbish mess] 9 January 2008. By Emmanuelle Andreani. [http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,528501,00.html Der Spiegel: In Naples, Waste Is Pure Gold] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918042454/http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,528501,00.html |date=18 September 2011 }} Retrieved 20 March 2009</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 September 1995|title=COBAT: collection and recycling spent lead/acid batteries in Italy|journal=Journal of Power Sources|language=en|volume=57|issue=1–2|pages=75–80|doi=10.1016/0378-7753(95)02246-5|issn=0378-7753|last1=Sancilio|first1=Cosmo|bibcode=1995JPS....57...75S}}</ref>
According to Giacomo D'Alisa et al., "the situation worsened during this period as the Camorra diversified their illegal waste disposal strategy: 1) transporting and dumping hazardous waste in the countryside by truck; 2) dumping waste in illegal caves or holes; 3) mixing toxic waste with textiles to avoid explosions and then burning it; and 4) mixing toxic with urban waste for disposal in landfills and incinerators."<ref name=giacomo>{{cite journal |last1=D'Alisa |first1=Giacomo |last2=Burgalassi |first2=David |last3 =Healy|first3 =Hali|last4=Walter|first4=Mariana |date=2010 |title=Conflict in Campania: Waste emergency or crisis of democracy |journal=Ecological Economics |volume=70 |issue= 2|pages=239–249 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.021 |bibcode=2010EcoEc..70..239D }}</ref>
A Camorra member, Nunzio Perella was arrested in 1992, and began collaborating with authorities; he had stated "the rubbish is gold."<ref name=giacomo/> The boss of the Casalesi clan, Gaetano Vassallo, admitted to systematically working for 20 years to bribe local politicians and officials to gain their acquiescence to dumping toxic waste.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espresso.repubblica.it/dettaglio/Cosi-ho-avvelenato-Napoli/2040653|title=Così ho avvelenato Napoli|date=11 September 2008|work=l'Espresso|access-date=24 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924001248/http://espresso.repubblica.it/dettaglio/cosi-ho-avvelenato-napoli/2040653|archive-date=24 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/2008/07/sezioni/cronaca/rifiuti-13/perquisiti-redattori-espresso/perquisiti-redattori-espresso.html|date=12 September 2009|title=Inchiesta sui veleni a Napoli perquisiti l'Espresso e due reporter|work=la Repubblica|access-date=26 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124011426/https://www.repubblica.it/2008/07/sezioni/cronaca/rifiuti-13/perquisiti-redattori-espresso/perquisiti-redattori-espresso.html|archive-date=24 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
The triangle of death and the waste management crisis is primarily a result of government failure to control illegal waste dumping. The government had attempted to mandate recycling and waste management programs, but were unable, causing the expansion of opportunities for illegal activities, which caused further barriers to solve the waste crisis.<ref name=giacomo/><ref name=first>{{Cite journal|last1=Senior|first1=Kathryn|last2=Mazza|first2=Alfredo|date=September 2004|title=Italian "Triangle of death" linked to waste crisis|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(04)01561-X/fulltext?code=lancet-site&dgcid=recommender_referral_trendmd|journal=The Lancet Oncology|language=en|volume=5|issue=9|pages=525–527|doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(04)01561-X|pmid=15384216|issn=1470-2045|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fiorillo|first=Damiano|date=2010–2013|title=Household waste recycling: national survey evidence from Italy|journal=Journal of Environmental Planning and Management|language=en|volume=56|issue=8|pages=1125–1151|doi=10.1080/09640568.2012.709180|s2cid=32409943|issn=0964-0568|url=https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33631/1/MPRA_paper_33631.pdf|access-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922094228/https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33631/1/MPRA_paper_33631.pdf|archive-date=22 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Policy Analysis Concepts and Practice|last1=Weimer|first1=David L.|last2=Vining|first2=Aidan R.|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|isbn=978-1-138-21651-8|location=New York|pages=74–112, 149–181}}</ref>
In November 2013, a demonstration by tens of thousands of people was held in Naples in protest against the pollution caused by the Camorra's control of refuse disposal. Over a twenty-year period, it was alleged, about ten million tonnes of industrial waste had been illegally dumped, with cancers caused by pollution increasing by 40–47%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24976917 |title=Naples rally against mafia's toxic waste dumping |publisher=BBC |date=17 November 2013 |access-date=5 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704213039/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24976917 |archive-date=4 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Efforts to fight the Camorra== The Camorra has proven to be an extremely difficult organisation to fight within Italy. During the 1911–12 trial, Fabroni gave testimony on how complicated it was to successfully prosecute the Camorra: "The Camorrist has no political ideals. He exploits the elections and the elected for gain. The leaders distribute bands throughout the town, and they have recoursed to violence to obtain the vote of the electors for the candidates whom they have determined to support. Those who refuse to vote as instructed are beaten, slashed with knives, or kidnapped. All this is done with assurance of impunity, as the Camorrists will have the protection of successful politicians, who realize that they cannot be chosen to office without paying toll to the Camorra."<ref name=nyt130711>{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/07/13/105030896.pdf|title=Says Politicians Hire The Camorra; Capt. Fabroni Declares Nobody Can Be Elected in Naples Without Its Aid|newspaper=The New York Times|date=13 July 1911|access-date=24 May 2018}}</ref>
Unlike the Sicilian Mafia, which has a clear hierarchy and a division of interests, the Camorra's activities are much less centralised. This makes the organisation much more difficult to combat through crude repression.<ref name=behan114>Behan, ''The Camorra'', p. 114</ref> In Campania, where unemployment is high and opportunities are limited, the Camorra has become an integral part of the fabric of society. It offers a sense of community and provides the youth with jobs. Members are guided in the pursuit of criminal activities, including cigarette smuggling, drug trafficking, and theft.<ref name=tim011106>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article621615.ece|title=Analysis: Naples, a city in the grip of the Camorra|last=Owen|first=Richard|newspaper=The Times|date=1 November 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907043019/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article621615.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 September 2008}}</ref>
The government has made an effort to combat the Camorra's criminal activities in Campania. The solution ultimately lies in Italy's ability to offer values, education and work opportunities to the next generation. However, the government has been hard pressed to find funds for promoting long-term reforms that are needed to improve the local economic outlook and create jobs.<ref name=tim011106/> Instead, it has had to rely on limited law enforcement activity in an environment that has a long history of tolerance and acceptance of criminality and is governed by the omertà.<ref name=behan129>Behan, ''The Camorra'', p. 129</ref>
Despite the overwhelming magnitude of the problem, law enforcement officials continue their pursuit. The Italian police are coordinating their efforts with Europol and Interpol to conduct special operations against the Camorra. The Carabinieri and the Financial Police (''Guardia di Finanza'') are also fighting criminal activities related to tax evasion, border controls, and money laundering. Prefect Gennaro Monaco, Deputy Chief of Police and Chief of the Section of Criminal Police cites "impressive results" against the Camorra in recent years, yet the Camorra continues to grow in power.<ref name="NATO">{{cite web | url=http://www.naa.be/archivedpub/trip/ar81gen9835-palermo.asp | title=Sub-committee onpo East-West Economic Co-operation and Convergence and Sub-committee on Civilian Security and Co-operation Trip Report: Visit to Rome / Palermo Secretariat Report 6–8 May 1998 (Prefect Gennaro Monaco, Deputy-Chief of Police and Chief of the Section of Criminal Police) | date=18 August 1998 | publisher=NATO Parliamentary Assembly | access-date=24 January 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707044714/http://www.naa.be/archivedpub/trip/ar81gen9835-palermo.asp | archive-date=7 July 2007 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 1998, police took a leading Camorra figure into custody. Francesco Schiavone was caught hiding in a secret apartment near Naples behind a sliding wall of granite. The mayor of Naples, Antonio Bassolino, compared the arrest to that of Sicilian Mafia chief Salvatore Riina in 1993.<ref name=bbc110798>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/131042.stm|title=Mafia 'big man' arrested|work=BBC News|date=11 July 1998|access-date=24 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527115219/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/131042.stm|archive-date=27 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Schiavone is now serving a life sentence after a criminal career which included arms trafficking, bomb attacks, armed robbery, and murder.<ref>{{cite news |title=Naples mafia sentences confirmed |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7463693.stm |access-date=19 August 2025 |work=BBC News |date=19 June 2008}}</ref>
Michele Zagaria, a senior member of the Casalesi clan, was arrested in 2011 after eluding police for 16 years. He was found in a secret bunker in the town Casapesenna, near Naples.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/8941247/Camorra-boss-Michele-Zagaria-caught-after-police-break-into-underground-bunker.html|title=Camorra boss Michele Zagaria caught after police break into underground bunker|date=8 December 2011|last=Pisa|first=Nick|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=24 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525124813/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/8941247/Camorra-boss-Michele-Zagaria-caught-after-police-break-into-underground-bunker.html|archive-date=25 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, clan boss Mario Riccio was arrested for drug trafficking in the Naples area. Around the same time 29 suspected Camorra members were also arrested in Rome.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-26031009|work=BBC News|title=Italy Camorra mafia clan boss Mario Riccio arrested|date=4 February 2014|access-date=24 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327095118/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-26031009|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
The arrests in the Campania region demonstrate that the police are not allowing the Camorra to operate without intervention. However, progress remains slow, and these minor victories have done little to loosen the Camorra's grip on Naples and the surrounding regions.<ref name=tim011106/>
In 2008, Italian police arrested three members of the Camorra crime syndicate on 30 September 2008. According to Gianfrancesco Siazzu, commander of the Carabinieri police, the three were captured in small villas on the coast of Naples. All three had been on Italy's 100 top most wanted list. Police seized assets valued at over 100 million euros and also weapons, including two AK-47 assault rifles that may have been used in the shooting of six Africans on 18 September 2008. Police found pistols, Carabinieri uniforms and other outfits that were used to disguise members of the operation. During the same week, a separate operation netted 26 additional suspects in Caserta. All were believed to belong to the powerful Camorra crime syndicate that operates in and around Naples. The suspects were charged with extortion and weapons possession. In some cases, the charges also included murder and robbery. Giuseppina Nappa, the 48-year-old wife of a jailed crime boss, was among those arrested. She is believed to be the Camorra's local paymaster.<ref name="Italy">{{cite web | url=http://www.salon.com/wires/ap/world/2008/09/30/D93H20EG0_eu_italy_mafia_arrests/index.html | author=Alessandra Rizzo | title=Italy arrests scores of suspected mobsters | date=30 September 2008 | work=Salon | access-date=4 October 2008 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
The Italian state confiscated €30 million including real estate in Luxembourg belonging to Angelo Grillo, a businessman from Marcianise, considered very close to the Belforte clan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecodicaserta.it/index.php/home/cronaca/25239-caserta-ritorna-in-auge-angelo-grillo-sequestrati-beni-per-30-milioni-di-euro-beni-immobili-anche.html|title=Caserta, ritorna in auge l'imprenditore faccendiere ANGELO GRILLO, sequestrati beni per 30 milioni di euro, beni immobili anche in Lussemburgo|website=ecodicaserta.it|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090002/http://www.ecodicaserta.it/index.php/home/cronaca/25239-caserta-ritorna-in-auge-angelo-grillo-sequestrati-beni-per-30-milioni-di-euro-beni-immobili-anche.html|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Grillo also owned the company Lynch Invest SA based in the country. In the name of this company, he purchased real estate in Campania and Sardinia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noicaserta.it/confisca_angelo_grillo_marcianise_beni.html|title=Confiscato l'impero dell'imprenditore socio dei boss: ville, terreni e societa' sotto chiave|website=Noi|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321191647/http://www.noicaserta.it/confisca_angelo_grillo_marcianise_beni.html|archive-date=21 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In November 2018, Italian police announced the arrest of Antonio Orlando, suspected of being a major figure in the Camorra.<ref name="orlando">{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/27/italian-police-arrest-mafia-boss-at-luxury-hideout | title=Italian police arrest mafia boss at luxury hideout | date=27 November 2018 | work=The Guardian | access-date=27 November 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127150652/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/27/italian-police-arrest-mafia-boss-at-luxury-hideout | archive-date=27 November 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref>
In February 2019, Ciro Rinaldi, boss of the Rinaldi clan, was arrested in a house in the region of San Pietro a Patierno, he is accused of the double murder of Raffaele Cepparulo, member of a small gang linked to the Mazzarella clan, and Ciro Colonna, an innocent victim. Rinaldi is also considered responsible for the murder of Vincenzo De Bernardo, also linked to the Mazzarellas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/arrestato-ciro-rinaldi-boss-my-way.html|title=Finita la latitanza di Ciro Rinaldi: il boss si nascondeva da familiari|date=16 February 2019|publisher=Napolitoday.it|access-date=10 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710140609/http://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/arrestato-ciro-rinaldi-boss-my-way.html|archive-date=10 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time of his arrest, his clan was considered one of the most powerful clans of the Camorra, having all the eastern area of the city of Naples under its control and having as allies the Secondigliano Alliance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/i-rinaldi-tra-i-clan-piu-forti-decisivi-gli-accordi-con-lalleanza-di-secondigliano-lo-scenario/|title="I Rinaldi tra i clan più forti, decisivi gli accordi con l'Alleanza di Secondigliano", lo scenario|date=22 January 2019|publisher=Internapoli.it|access-date=10 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710140606/https://internapoli.it/i-rinaldi-tra-i-clan-piu-forti-decisivi-gli-accordi-con-lalleanza-di-secondigliano-lo-scenario/|archive-date=10 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/colpo-alla-camorra-arrestato-il-superlatitante-ciro-rinaldi-my-way/|title=Colpo alla camorra, arrestato il superlatitante Ciro Rinaldi 'My way'|date=16 February 2019|publisher=Internapoli.it|access-date=10 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710141202/https://internapoli.it/colpo-alla-camorra-arrestato-il-superlatitante-ciro-rinaldi-my-way/|archive-date=10 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 18 September 2019, Ciro Rinaldi was sentenced to life imprisonment, considered to be the mastermind behind the murders of Cepparulo and Colonna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/omicidio_di_colonna_e_cepparulo_ergastolo_per_boss_rinaldi_e_altri-4742736.html|title=Napoli, ergastolo al boss Rinaldi per l'agguato nel circolo di Portici: uccise il capo dei Barbudos e una vittima innocente|website=www.ilmattino.it|access-date=18 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927112016/https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/omicidio_di_colonna_e_cepparulo_ergastolo_per_boss_rinaldi_e_altri-4742736.html|archive-date=27 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to the reports, Rinaldi reportedly ordered Cepparulo's death believing Cepparulo was planning to kill him to give "pleasure" to the Mazzarella clan, historical enemies of the Rinaldi clan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.giustizianews24.it/2019/09/16/omicidio-dellinnocente-ciro-colonna-e-del-boss-cepparulo-conto-alla-rovescia-per-la-sentenza-il-pm-ha-chiesto-8-ergastoli/|title=Omicidio dell'innocente Ciro Colonna e del boss Cepparulo, conto alla rovescia per la sentenza: il pm ha chiesto 8 ergastoli|date=16 September 2019 |language=it-IT|access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref>
In March 2019, Marco Di Lauro, the second most wanted man in Italy, was arrested after spending 14 years on the run. He is the fourth son of ex-Camorra boss Paolo Di Lauro. In 2010, an informant said that he was responsible for at least four murders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/mafia-super-fugitive-arrested-in-italy-after-14-years-on-the-run|title=Mafia 'super fugitive' arrested in Italy after 14 years on the run|first=Travis|last=Fedschun|date=3 March 2019|publisher=Fox News Channel|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115025147/https://www.foxnews.com/world/mafia-super-fugitive-arrested-in-italy-after-14-years-on-the-run|archive-date=15 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In June 2019, the Italian police arrested more than 120 members of the Secondigliano Alliance, the alliance created by the Licciardi, Contini and Mallardo clans, in an ''anti-Camorra'' operation. The police also confiscated €130 million. Among those who were arrested were the wives of the bosses of the Bosti, Mallardo, Licciardi and Contini clans, but also their lieutenants, children, grandchildren and entrepreneurs who worked for the alliance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/camorra-secondigliano-sgominata-alleanza-100-arresti-7a7be5d2-fa05-433a-a4f5-58694b4a062d.html?refresh_ce|title=Camorra, scacco all'alleanza di Secondigliano: oltre 100 arresti|date=26 June 2019|publisher=Rai News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/over-120-arrested-in-italian-mafia-raids/news-story/ad7f86d98acf6358409774d792580fce|title=Over 120 arrested in Italian mafia raids|date=26 June 2019|newspaper=The Australian}}</ref> The historical female boss Maria Licciardi managed to escape from the arrest in the operation, and is now considered a fugitive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://napoli.fanpage.it/blitz-secondigliano-maria-licciardi-a-piccerella-e-in-fuga|title=Blitz Secondigliano, Maria Licciardi 'a piccerella è in fuga|date=26 June 2019|publisher=Fanpage.it|access-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626154903/https://napoli.fanpage.it/blitz-secondigliano-maria-licciardi-a-piccerella-e-in-fuga/|archive-date=26 June 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Seven members of the organization were arrested in Spain, Netherlands, South America and in the Balkans, places where they were running illicit business on behalf of the Alliance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2019/06/28/news/camorra_scacco_all_alleanza_12_ricercati_7_all_estero-229838954|title=Camorra: scacco all'Alleanza; 12 ricercati, 7 all'estero|date=28 June 2019|newspaper=la Repubblica|access-date=28 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628164311/https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2019/06/28/news/camorra_scacco_all_alleanza_12_ricercati_7_all_estero-229838954/|archive-date=28 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 12 July 2019, the Italian police confiscated €300 million, including 600 houses, lands, 16 cars and bank accounts belonging to Antonio Passarelli, a businessman believed to be connected to the Di Lauro clan, Puca clan, Aversano clan, Mallardo clan, Verde clan, Perfetto clan and to the Scissionisti di Secondigliano.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/antonio-passarelli/|title=Confisca da 300 mln di euro a Passarelli, l'imprenditore di 5 clan: 600 case e terreni, 16 auto e conti in banca|date=12 July 2019|publisher=Internapoli.it|access-date=16 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716200205/https://internapoli.it/antonio-passarelli/|archive-date=16 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 10 August 2019, an operation of the police arrested six important members of the Rinaldi clan, particularly members of the Reale faction. They are accused of drug trafficking, extortion and illegal possession of weapons. The organization, once considered one of the most prominent, suffered hard blows in 2019, with the arrests of most of its leaders and important figures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/ferimento-noemi-arresto-nurcaro-clan-reale.html|title=Droga ed estorsioni per il clan Reale-Rinaldi: in manette anche Salvatore Nurcaro|date=10 August 2019|language=it|newspaper=NapoliToday.it|access-date=10 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810140803/http://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/ferimento-noemi-arresto-nurcaro-clan-reale.html|archive-date=10 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 21 August 2019, Giuseppe Chirico, included in the list of the most dangerous fugitives in Italy, was arrested in the Ciampino airport, where he landed after a brief holiday abroad. Chirico is considered a prominent member of the Scarpa, linked to the powerful Gallo-Cavalieri clan from Torre Annunziata, dedicated in particular to international drug trafficking. He was wanted since January 2018 and was using a fake identity at the time of his arrest.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=21 August 2019|title=Camorra, latitante del clan Scarpa arrestato in aeroporto al rientro dalle vacanze all'estero|url=https://napoli.fanpage.it/camorra-latitante-del-clan-scarpa-arrestato-in-aeroporto-al-rientro-dalle-vacanze-allestero|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821185619/https://napoli.fanpage.it/camorra-latitante-del-clan-scarpa-arrestato-in-aeroporto-al-rientro-dalle-vacanze-allestero/|archive-date=21 August 2019|access-date=21 August 2019|language=it|newspaper=Fanpage}}</ref>
On 24 September 2019, the Italian police arrested Salvatore Ferro, step brother of Gaetano Beneduce, head of the historical Beneduce-Longobardi clan, based in Pozzuoli. Ferro, according to investigations, led the Ferro faction of the clan since the death of his brother Rosario Ferro, known as 'Capatosta, in 1998. Now he will serve two years and five months in prison.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teleclubitalia.it/175328/camorra-a-pozzuoli-carabinieri-in-azione-fermato-fratellastro-del-boss-il-nome/|title=Camorra a Pozzuoli, carabinieri in azione: fermato ras del clan "Ferro".|last=Ciccarelli|first=Marino|date=25 September 2019|website=Teleclubitalia notizie da Napoli e dall'Italia|language=it-IT|access-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925150552/https://www.teleclubitalia.it/175328/camorra-a-pozzuoli-carabinieri-in-azione-fermato-fratellastro-del-boss-il-nome/|archive-date=25 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cronacaflegrea.it/pozzuoli-arrestato-il-fratellastro-del-boss-gaetano-beneduce/|title=POZZUOLI/ Arrestato il fratellastro del boss Gaetano Beneduce|last=Giudice|first=Gennaro Del|website=Cronaca Flegrea|date=25 September 2019|language=it-IT|access-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925150547/http://www.cronacaflegrea.it/pozzuoli-arrestato-il-fratellastro-del-boss-gaetano-beneduce/|archive-date=25 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In September 2019, Pasquale Puca, known as ‘o minorenne, head of the Puca clan and nephew of Giuseppe Puca, was sentenced to life in prison. Puca is held responsible for the murder of Francesco Verde, known as ‘o negus, then leader of the Verde clan, happened in 2007. Between the end of the 1980s and the 1990s, the Verde clan fought with the Puca and Ranucci clans, a clash to which numerous murders were attributed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/pasquale-puca-francesco-verde/|title=Stangata per Pasquale Puca 'o minorenne, ergastolo per il boss di S. Antimo per l'omicidio di 'o negus|date=25 September 2019|website=InterNapoli.it|language=it-IT|access-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925153409/https://internapoli.it/pasquale-puca-francesco-verde/|archive-date=25 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In October 2019, the Direzione Investigativa Antimafia seized €1.5 million belonging to Annalisa De Martino, the former partner of the boss Giuseppe Gallo. The Gallo clan has control over illegal activities such as extortion, drug trafficking and money laundering in the areas of Boscotrecase, Boscoreale and Torre Annunziata. De Martino was considered to be in charge of the financial management of the organization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.2anews.it/ultime-notizie-di-cronaca/camorra-sequestro-ex-convivente-boss-gallo.html|title=Camorra, sequestro da un milione e mezzo di euro all'ex convivente del boss Gallo|last=Monaco|first=Francesco|date=17 October 2019|website=2A News|language=it-IT|access-date=18 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018140425/https://www.2anews.it/ultime-notizie-di-cronaca/camorra-sequestro-ex-convivente-boss-gallo.html|archive-date=18 October 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.agenpress.it/2019/10/17/camorra-dia-napoli-sequestra-beni-per-15-mln-di-euro-al-clan-gallo/|title=Camorra. Dia Napoli sequestra beni per 1,5 mln di euro al clan Gallo|date=17 October 2019|website=Agenpress|language=it-IT|access-date=18 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018140428/https://www.agenpress.it/2019/10/17/camorra-dia-napoli-sequestra-beni-per-15-mln-di-euro-al-clan-gallo/|archive-date=18 October 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 23 October 2019, the Italian police dismantled the Montescuro clan, arresting 23 important members of the organisation. The clan was headed by the elderly boss Carmine Montescuro, nicknamed '' 'Zì Menuzzo' '', a leader of remarkable criminal charisma, who for at least 20 years played the role of mediator in the wars between various clans. According to the investigations, due to his mediation skills, he was able to put the {{ill|Missos|it|Clan Misso}}, the Mazzarellas and the Continis at the same table when the war between their organisations was at its peak in the early 2000s. Montescuro also had a good relationship with Marco Mariano, boss of the Mariano clan in the 1990s. Despite his advanced age, the Court of Naples authorized his arrest and transfer to prison; however, after less than two weeks, he was transferred from jail to house arrest for health reasons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2019/11/camorra-o-menuzzo-e-gia-a-casa-ai-domiciliari-il-pentito-un-ufficiale-della-finanza-fa-uscire-la-droga-dal-porto/|title=Camorra: o' menuzzo è già a casa ai domiciliari. Il pentito: 'Un ufficiale della Finanza fa uscire la droga dal porto'|date=2 November 2019|website=Cronache della Campania|language=it-IT|access-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105174346/https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2019/11/camorra-o-menuzzo-e-gia-a-casa-ai-domiciliari-il-pentito-un-ufficiale-della-finanza-fa-uscire-la-droga-dal-porto/|archive-date=5 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Montescuro was also known for his passion for gambling, and was often in Monte Carlo, where he reportedly spent large amounts of money.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stylo24.it/zi-menuzzo-boss-pace/|title="Zì Menuzzo", il boss che ha sempre voluto solo la pace (e i soldi del racket)|date=24 October 2019|website=Stylo24 - Giornale d'inchiesta|language=it-IT|access-date=24 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/estorsioni-porto-napoli-arresti-montescuro.html|title=Operazione piccola Svizzera, 23 arresti nel clan Montescuro|website=NapoliToday|language=it|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024170757/http://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/estorsioni-porto-napoli-arresti-montescuro.html|archive-date=24 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In November 2019, Raffaele Romano, a prominent affiliate of the De Luca Bossa clan, decided to move to the side of the State, becoming a pentito.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/trema-ancora-la-camorra-di-ponticelli-ce-un-altro-pentito/|title=Trema ancora la camorra di Ponticelli, c'è un altro pentito|last=Di Donato|first=Saverio|date=2 November 2019|website=InterNapoli.it|language=it-IT|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104201505/https://internapoli.it/trema-ancora-la-camorra-di-ponticelli-ce-un-altro-pentito/|archive-date=4 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to reports, the De Luca Bossa clan, now the most powerful clan of Ponticelli and of much of the Vesuvian area, could soon crumble under the declarations of the new pentito.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilroma.net/news/cronaca/ponticelli-trema-il-clan-de-luca-bossa-il-ras-si-pente-e-accusa-tutti|title=Ponticelli, trema il clan De Luca Bossa: il ras si pente e accusa tutti|website=Roma|language=en|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104202546/https://www.ilroma.net/news/cronaca/ponticelli-trema-il-clan-de-luca-bossa-il-ras-si-pente-e-accusa-tutti|archive-date=4 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 6 November 2019, the Carabinieri arrested Federico Rapprese, linked to the Rannucci clan and included in the list of the most dangerous fugitives. Rapprese was wanted since February 2018, accused of the attempted murder of Antonio Marrazzo, brother of the head of the Marazzo clan, happened in December 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/federico-rapprese-latitante-melito/|title=[VIDEO] Tentò di uccidere il fratello del boss, latitante preso a Melito dopo inseguimento sui tetti|last=Esposito|first=Alessio|date=7 November 2019|website=InterNapoli.it|language=it-IT|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107164232/https://internapoli.it/federico-rapprese-latitante-melito/|archive-date=7 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 8 November 2019, Antonio Abbinante, considered the new boss of Scampia and the current head of the {{ill|Abbinante clan|it|Clan Abbinante}}, was arrested by the police. Abbinante was intercepted in Mugnano di Napoli along with two bodyguards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stylo24.it/arrestato-antonio-abbinante-boss/|title=Arrestato Antonio Abbinante, il nuovo boss di Scampia|date=8 November 2019|website=Stylo24 - Giornale d'inchiesta|language=it-IT|access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref>
On 11 November 2019, Marco Di Lauro was sentenced to life imprisonment, considered the mastermind behind the ambush in which Attilio Romanò, an innocent victim, was killed. The murder took place in January 2005, when the assassins of the Di Lauro clan mistook Romanò for the nephew of the boss Rosario Pariante, one of the Scissionistis with whom the Di Lauro clan was at war.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://napoli.fanpage.it/omicidio-di-attilio-romano-vittima-innocente-di-camorra-ergastolo-a-marco-di-lauro/|title=Omicidio di Attilio Romanò, vittima innocente di camorra: ergastolo a Marco Di Lauro|website=Napoli Fanpage|language=it|access-date=11 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111164040/https://napoli.fanpage.it/omicidio-di-attilio-romano-vittima-innocente-di-camorra-ergastolo-a-marco-di-lauro/|archive-date=11 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 12 November 2019, 20 members of the Cesarano clan were arrested, accused of Camorra association, extortion and drug trafficking. The organization is particularly active in Ponte Persica and Pompei. In May 2019, the police dismantled a scheme in which the clan had a privileged channel to the Netherlands, obtaining the monopoly on shipments of flowers, bulbs and pottery from the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/napoli/blitz-guardia-finanza-arrestate-20-persone-clan-cesarano-1782903.html|title=Blitz della Guardia di finanza: arrestate 20 persone del clan Cesarano|last=Riccio|first=Ignazio|website=ilGiornale.it|language=it|access-date=12 November 2019|date=12 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112143851/http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/napoli/blitz-guardia-finanza-arrestate-20-persone-clan-cesarano-1782903.html|archive-date=12 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 11 December 2019, Giuseppe Polverino and Giuseppe Simioli, former leaders of the Polverino clan, were sentenced to life imprisonment. They were held responsible for the murder of Giuseppe Candela, which happened in July 2009. According to the investigations, Candela, who was a member of the clan, was killed because he was managing his business independently and no longer responding to the clan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stylo24.it/camorra-ergastolo-giuseppe-polverino/|title=Camorra, condannato all'ergastolo il capoclan Giuseppe Polverino|date=11 December 2019|website=Stylo24 - Giornale d'inchiesta|language=it-IT|access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref>
In February 2020, four members affiliated to the Rinaldi clan were arrested, among which are also Rita and Francesco Rinaldi, sons of the late boss of the clan, Antonio Rinaldi known as '''O Giallo'' (killed in 1989), as well nephews of Ciro Rinaldi.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/napoli_arresti_oggi_camorra_clan_rinaldi-5046254.html|title=Camorra, quattro arresti a Napoli: in cella la moglie e il figlio del boss per usura e minacce|website=www.ilmattino.it|language=it|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323184118/https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/napoli_arresti_oggi_camorra_clan_rinaldi-5046254.html|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> They are accused of usury, extortion and attempted extortion with the aggravating circumstance of the mafia method.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
Also in February 2020, the Guardia di Finanza seized a company that, according to the Antimafia, belonged to the Cesarano clan, from Castellammare di Stabia, and was headed by Antonio Martone and Giovanni Esposito, both in prison, and brothers-in-law of Luigi Di Martino, boss of the Cesarano clan. The purpose of this company was to stand between traders and carriers in order to impose the services and tariffs of the clan on them. The Guardia di Finanza estimated the turnover of the business was around €2 million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ansa.it/campania/notizie/2020/02/11/camorra-sequestrata-ditta-clan-cesarano_267b7901-5c64-42ac-84db-a7e805c89ffe.html|title=Camorra, sequestrata ditta clan Cesarano - Campania|date=11 February 2020|website=Agenzia ANSA|language=it|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411202755/https://www.ansa.it/campania/notizie/2020/02/11/camorra-sequestrata-ditta-clan-cesarano_267b7901-5c64-42ac-84db-a7e805c89ffe.html|archive-date=11 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/camorra-mercato-fiori-clan-cesarano.html|title=Le mani della camorra sul mercato dei fiori: sequestrata società|website=NapoliToday|language=it|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215031841/https://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/camorra-mercato-fiori-clan-cesarano.html|archive-date=15 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 17 March 2020, the Italian police arrested five members of the Aprea-Cuccaro clan accused of extortion and attempted extortion with aggravating circumstances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/camorra_a_napoli_racket-5118582.html|title=Napoli: nuove alleanze di camorra, le vittime del racket portate davanti al boss|website=www.ilmattino.it|language=it|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407152507/https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/camorra_a_napoli_racket-5118582.html|archive-date=7 April 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to the investigators, the building contractors in the area of Barra, the clan's stronghold, victims of extortion by part of the clan, were summoned to the 'villa' of the boss Antonio Acanfora, also arrested in the operation and considered the current regent of the Aprea's wing inside the organizations. The current actions by members of the Aprea-Cuccaro clan would be an expression of the new criminal alliance formed with the De Luca Bossa clan and the Rinaldi clan in order to control the entire eastern territory of Naples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2020/03/camorra-convocavano-gli-imprenditori-nella-villa-del-boss-presi-in-5-del-clan-aprea-di-barra/|title=Camorra, convocavano gli imprenditori nella 'villa' del boss: presi in 5 del clan Aprea di Barra|date=18 March 2020|website=Cronache della Campania|language=it-IT|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319155319/https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2020/03/camorra-convocavano-gli-imprenditori-nella-villa-del-boss-presi-in-5-del-clan-aprea-di-barra/|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
In May 2020, a small group of drug dealers led by Anna Gallo, a 74-year-old woman, was overthrown by the Italian police in Torre Annunziata. Anna Gallo, known as "ninnacchera", is the widow of a local Camorra affiliate Ernesto Venditto, killed in an ambush in 1999. In the operation were arrested 22 people, including 9 women.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-27|title=Spaccio nel Vesuviano: 19 arresti. A capo la "nonnina" di camorra vedova del boss|url=https://www.ilfattovesuviano.it/2020/05/spaccio-nel-vesuviano-19-arresti-a-capo-la-nonnina-di-camorra-vedova-del-boss/|access-date=2020-06-03|website=Il Fatto Vesuviano|language=it-IT|archive-date=12 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212043744/https://www.ilfattovesuviano.it/2020/05/spaccio-nel-vesuviano-19-arresti-a-capo-la-nonnina-di-camorra-vedova-del-boss/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-21|title=Torre Annunziata, la vedova del boss Venditto gestiva le piazze di spaccio della Provolera|url=https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2018/09/torre-annunziata-la-vedova-del-boss-venditto-gestiva-le-piazze-di-spaccio-della-provolera/|access-date=2020-06-03|website=Cronache della Campania|language=it}}</ref>
Also in May 2020, the Italian State confiscated €7 million to a businessman linked to the Zagaria's faction of the Casalesi clan. Among the seized goods were 25 bank accounts, eight companies, 18 commercial premises, 32 houses, seven garages and four plots of land.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Camorra, maxi sequestro in Toscana: "Aiutano i Casalesi"|url=https://www.firenzetoday.it/cronaca/camorra-mafia-sequestro-lucca-toscana-23-maggio-2020.html|access-date=2020-06-04|website=FirenzeToday|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Corruzione all'Asl Napoli 3, sequestrati 7 milioni a imprenditore dei Casalesi|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/corruzione_asl_napoli_imprenditore_casalesi_clan_camorra-5245138.html|access-date=2020-06-04|website=www.ilmattino.it|date=23 May 2020|language=it}}</ref> In the same week, authoritires confiscated more assets for a total value of over €22 million belonging to Vincenzo Zangrillo, another businessman linked to the Casalesi. In this operation were seized 200 vehicles, 21 hectares of land, six companies and 21 bank accounts.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-29|title=Camorra, confiscati beni per 22 milioni a imprenditore vicino al clan dei casalesi|url=https://www.pupia.tv/2020/05/canali/cronaca/camorra-confiscati-beni-per-22-milioni-a-imprenditore-vicino-al-clan-dei-casalesi/474247|access-date=2020-06-04|website=Pupia.tv|language=it-IT}}</ref> In the past, Zangrillo had been accused of international drug trafficking.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Confiscati 22 milioni di beni a Vincenzo Zangrillo, ritenuto vicino ai Casalesi|url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/zangrillo-confisca-beni-milioni-casalesi-dia-camorra-ed34610a-dabc-46e4-8690-b1d078de7d90.html|access-date=2020-06-04|website=rainews|date=29 May 2020 |language=it}}</ref>
On 3 June 2020, the Italian police dismantled the monopoly of the drug market led by the D'Alessandro clan. According to the police the clan had the total control of the cocaine market in the Sorrento Peninsula, where they also sold drugs to wealthy businessmen. The D'Alessandro clan also used a network of brokers by which they accessed new supply channels, having contacts even with the Bellocco and Pesce 'ndrine, historical 'Ndrangheta groups from Rosarno in Calabria.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Camorra, decapitato il clan D'Alessandro: 26 arresti nella notte, patto con gli Afeltra-Di Martino per lo spaccio in penisola sorrentina|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/arresti_a_napoli_oggi_camorra_clan_d_alessandro-5265748.html|access-date=2020-06-03|website=www.ilmattino.it|date=3 June 2020|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-03|title=Camorra: questa notte 26 arresti per il clan D'Alessandro|url=https://www.napolisera.it/2020/06/03/camorra-questa-notte-26-arresti-per-clan-dalessandro/|access-date=2020-06-03|website=Napolisera|language=it-IT|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929143406/https://www.napolisera.it/2020/06/03/camorra-questa-notte-26-arresti-per-clan-dalessandro/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In June 2020, five Camorra affiliates were arrested in the Province of Naples, that operated between the cities of Nola and Saviano. According to the investigations, they were involved in public contracts in Saviano, such as in the redevelopment of the sewage system and in the management of the waste collection service. The group was also active in the drug market, supplying the local drug dealers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-04|title=Camorra, droga alle piazze spaccio e 'pizzo' sugli appalti: 5 arresti|url=https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/06/04/news/camorra_droga_alle_piazze_spaccio_e_pizzo_sugli_appalti_5_arresti-258404975/|access-date=2020-06-04|website=la Repubblica|language=it}}</ref>
After months of investigations and joint activities of the Interpol, on 3 June 2020, the Italian government finally obtained the extradition of Salvatore Vittorio from Dominican Republic to Italy. Vittorio was considered the money launderer of the Contini clan in Santo Domingo. According to the Italian authorities, he is accused of mafia-type criminal association and money laundering.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Caracciolo|first=Alessandro|date=2020-06-03|title=Presi 8 latitanti a S. Domingo, c'è anche il riciclatore dell'Alleanza di Secondigliano Salvatore Vittorio|url=https://internapoli.it/salvatore-vittorio/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603142906/https://internapoli.it/salvatore-vittorio/|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-03|website=InterNapoli.it|language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-03|title=In fuga ai Caraibi grazie a false identità, arrestati otto latitanti, c'è anche l'ex presidente del Padova calcio|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/06/03/news/napoli_arresti_camorra-258308615/|access-date=2020-06-03|website=la Repubblica|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Santo Domingo, arrestato latitante del clan Contini: fermato mentre portava i figli a scuola|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/santo_domingo_arrestato_latitante_del_clan_contini_napoli-5265792.html|access-date=2020-06-10|website=www.ilmattino.it|date=3 June 2020|language=it}}</ref>
On 5 June 2020, the Direzione Distrettuale Antimafia seized €10 million of assets from the Polverino clan. Among the seized assets were two villas, two garages, two warehouse-depots, six commercial premises, three plots of land, a school building and a nursery.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-05|title=Camorra, sequestrati al Clan Polverino beni per 10 milioni di euro, c'è anche un asilo nido|url=https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/06/05/news/camorra_sequestrati_al_clan_polverino_beni_per_10_milioni_di_euro-258490309/|access-date=2020-06-05|website=la Repubblica|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clan Polverino, sequestrati beni per 10 milioni nel Napoletano: c'è anche una scuola|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/clan_polverino_marano-5270022.html|access-date=2020-06-10|website=www.ilmattino.it|date=5 June 2020|language=it}}</ref>
On 9 June 2020, a Senator of centre-right opposition Forza Italia party, Luigi Cesaro, was placed under investigation, after a police investigation that led to the arrest of 59 affiliates of Camorra clans based in the comune of Sant'Antimo, including three brothers of the politician. The Cesaro family is a well known family in Sant'Antimo, having vast businesses especially in the field of private health and affiliated with the National Health Service.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bufi|first=Fulvio|date=2020-09-06|title=Blitz contro la camorra, arrestati i tre fratelli del senatore Cesaro (Forza Italia), che è indagato|url=https://www.corriere.it/cronache/20_giugno_09/blitz-contro-camorra-arrestati-tre-fratelli-senatore-cesaro-forza-italia-ac64b100-aa47-11ea-96b1-0359b9449147.shtml|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Corriere della Sera|language=it}}</ref> According to the investigations, the Cesaros were involved in a scheme between entrepreneurs, municipal technicians, politicians and well-known representatives of the local organized crime, such as members of the Puca clan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-09|title=Camorra, maxi blitz nel Napoletano: 59 arresti alle luci dell'alba|url=https://www.vesuviolive.it/ultime-notizie/cronaca/342923-blitz-camorra-sant-antimo/|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Vesuvio Live|language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-09|title=Golpe a la camorra en Italia con la detención de familiares de un conocido político|url=https://www.abc.es/internacional/abci-golpe-camorra-italia-detencion-familiares-conocido-politico-202006091419_noticia.html|access-date=2020-06-10|website=abc|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-10|title=Voti comprati, appalti truccati e camorra: tutti i politici di Sant'Antimo coinvolti nella bufera giudiziaria|url=https://internapoli.it/santantimo-politici-camorra/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611054135/https://internapoli.it/santantimo-politici-camorra/|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-10|website=InterNapoli.it|language=it-IT}}</ref>
==Outside Italy== Despite its origins, it presently has secondary ramifications in other Italian regions, like Lazio, Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna and Piedmont in connection with the centres of national economic power.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lastampa.it/cronaca/2019/06/26/news/maxiblitz-contro-la-camorra-oltre-cento-arresti-in-tutta-italia-contro-l-alleanza-di-secondigliano-1.36543953|title=Maxiblitz contro la camorra: oltre cento arresti in tutta Italia contro l'Alleanza di Secondigliano - La Stampa|date=26 June 2019|website=lastampa.it|language=it-IT|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107165019/https://www.lastampa.it/cronaca/2019/06/26/news/maxiblitz-contro-la-camorra-oltre-cento-arresti-in-tutta-italia-contro-l-alleanza-di-secondigliano-1.36543953|archive-date=7 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2019/07/camorra-i-mazzarella-hanno-esteso-le-loro-radici-nel-lazio-e-in-sardegna-la-conferma-dalla-relazione-della-dia/|title=Camorra, i Mazzarella hanno esteso le loro radici nel Lazio e in Sardegna: la conferma dalla relazione della Diadate=22 July 2019|website=Cronache della Campania|date = 22 July 2019|language=it-IT|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107165020/https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2019/07/camorra-i-mazzarella-hanno-esteso-le-loro-radici-nel-lazio-e-in-sardegna-la-conferma-dalla-relazione-della-dia/|archive-date=7 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilcittadinomb.it/stories/Cronaca/mafie-la-relazione-della-dia-in-lombardia-le-nuove-leve-usano-strategie-milit_1316348_11/|title=Mafie, la relazione della Dia: "In Lombardia le nuove leve usano strategie militari"|website=www.ilcittadinomb.it|language=it|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107165402/https://www.ilcittadinomb.it/stories/Cronaca/mafie-la-relazione-della-dia-in-lombardia-le-nuove-leve-usano-strategie-milit_1316348_11/|archive-date=7 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-23|title=Camorra, smantellato il clan Moccia: 45 arresti tra Napoli e Roma|url=http://www.lanotiziagiornale.it/camorra-smentellato-il-clan-moccia-45-arresti-tra-campania-e-lazio-svelato-il-business-criminale-da-napoli-a-roma/|access-date=2020-06-10|website=La Notizia|language=it-IT}}</ref>
From the 1980s onwards, with its massive involvement in drug trafficking, the Camorra expanded its operations to other countries, particularly Spain. The organization established strong ties with international drug cartels, notably in South America, and began to use Spain and other countries as a key transit point for smuggling cocaine and other illicit substances into Europe. This expansion allowed the Camorra to strengthen its control over the European drug trade while also diversifying its criminal activities across the continent. In addition to drug trafficking, the Camorra has been notorious for its sophisticated money laundering operations. It uses legitimate businesses, such as restaurants, hotels, construction companies, and financial institutions, to clean the proceeds from their illegal activities. This web of money laundering extends globally, with the organization using international banking systems and offshore accounts to conceal and legitimize their earnings.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/longform/mafia-and-organized-crime-in-europe/map/|title=Mafia and Organized Crime in Europe|website=Il Fatto Quotidiano|date=3 July 2017 |access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320204354/https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/longform/mafia-and-organized-crime-in-europe/map/|archive-date=20 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cimmarusti |first=Ivan |date=2022-12-05 |title=Camorra, il «sistema» del riciclaggio dalla Campania all'Emilia-Romagna: la Gdf sequestra 293 milioni |url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/camorra-sistema-riciclaggio-campania-all-emilia-romagna-gdf-sequestra-293-milioni-AEtmOgMC |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=Il Sole 24 ORE |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cimmarusti |first=Ivan |date=2024-07-09 |title=Roma, riciclaggio di camorra e 'ndrangheta con mafia capitolina e destra eversiva |url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/il-patto-criminale-roma-riciclaggio-camorra-e-ndrangheta-mafia-capitolina-e-destra-eversiva-arresto-18-persone-e-sequestri-130-milioni-AFiew9fC |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=Il Sole 24 ORE |language=it}}</ref>
===France===
The Camorra has been present in France since the early 1980s. The locations with the biggest presence of the organization in the country are the French Riviera, Paris and Lyon. Their biggest objective in the country has always been to create contacts for drug trafficking but also money laundering.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1970243-20161128-reseaux-mafia-italienne-france|title=Quels sont les réseaux de la mafia en France?|website=20 Minutes|date=28 November 2016 |access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424045039/https://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1970243-20161128-reseaux-mafia-italienne-france|archive-date=24 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1993, the Camorra and the Sicilian Mafia were accused of running a $1.5 billion operation to launder drug money through banks, insurance companies, hotels and casinos in Italy and on the French Riviera, arresting 36 suspects.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/14/world/italy-intensifies-crackdown-on-organized-crime.html|title=Italy Intensifies Crackdown on Organized Crime|first=Alan|last=Cowell|date=14 May 1993|work=The New York Times|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327100403/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/14/world/italy-intensifies-crackdown-on-organized-crime.html|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Paolo Di Lauro funnelled the proceeds into real estate, buying dozens of flats in Naples, owning shops in France and the Netherlands, as well as businesses importing fur, fake fur and lingerie.<ref name=ind081204>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-blood-is-running-mafia-wars-erupt-again-679909.html 'The blood is running': Mafia wars erupt again]{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, The Independent, 8 December 2004</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agoravox.fr/actualites/economie/article/la-camorra-a-paris-quand-le-boss-74266|title=La camorra à Paris : quand le boss roulait sa Lamborghini sur les Champs|date=30 April 2010|website=AgoraVox|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321041507/https://www.agoravox.fr/actualites/economie/article/la-camorra-a-paris-quand-le-boss-74266|archive-date=21 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2014, Antonio Lo Russo, member of the powerful Lo Russo clan and considered the new regent of the clan, and his cousin Carlo Lo Russo were arrested by agents of National Gendarmerie Section de recherches and by Carabinieri when quietly in a bar in Nice. The clan is accused of extortion, drug trafficking and murder. According to the then Minister of the Interior of France, Bernard Cazeneuve, the arrest of Lo Russo was a hard blow for the organized crime in the country.<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2014/04/16/01016-20140416ARTFIG00241-un-grand-chef-de-la-mafia-italienne-arrete-a-nice.php Un grand chef de la mafia italienne arrêté à Nice] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091844/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2014/04/16/01016-20140416ARTFIG00241-un-grand-chef-de-la-mafia-italienne-arrete-a-nice.php |date=27 March 2019 }}</ref>
===Ivory Coast===
The La Torre clan was known to launder money in the country with the help of the former chancellor of Salerno, Cesare Salomone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salernotoday.it/cronaca/camorra-ex-cancelliere-cesare-salomone-riciclaggio-internazionale.html|title=Camorra, riciclaggio in Costa d'Avorio: "la talpa" era un ex cancelliere salernitano|website=www.salernotoday.it|access-date=14 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128162550/http://www.salernotoday.it/cronaca/camorra-ex-cancelliere-cesare-salomone-riciclaggio-internazionale.html|archive-date=28 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In June 2019 the operation ''Spaghetti Connection'' dismantled an international drug network involving the Camorra and the 'Ndrangheta in Abidjan and Tabou. The police seized 1.19 tons of cocaine, with the value of €250 million in the European market. This operation was the third of its kind in Ivory Coast in less than three years, but the largest by its magnitude. Six Italians, one French and three Ivorians were arrested.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20190607-cote-ivoire-reseau-international-trafiquants-cocaine-demantele|title=Côte d'Ivoire: un réseau international de trafiquants de cocaïne démantelé|newspaper=Radio France Internationale|language=fr|date=8 June 2019|access-date=14 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614084956/http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20190607-cote-ivoire-reseau-international-trafiquants-cocaine-demantele|archive-date=14 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
According to Silvain Coué, a French liaison officer, who participated of the operation: {{Blockquote|For 20 years, West Africa has become, if not a hub, a very important rebound zone for traffickers.This operation proves that if they thought that Ivory Coast and West Africa could be a sanctuary, they were wrong.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/cote-d-ivoire-un-reseau-de-trafic-international-de-drogue-demantele-20190607|title=Côte d'Ivoire: un réseau de trafic international de drogue démantelé|newspaper=Le Figaro|language=fr|date=June 7, 2019|access-date=June 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610114501/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/cote-d-ivoire-un-reseau-de-trafic-international-de-drogue-demantele-20190607|archive-date=June 10, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
The drug trafficking in the country is said to contribute to the financing of the various jihadist groups in the Sahel, Africa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/cote-d-ivoire/un-trafic-de-cocaine-impliquant-les-mafias-italiennes-demantele-en-cote-d-ivoire_3484799.html|title=Un trafic de cocaïne impliquant les mafias italiennes démantelé en Côte d'Ivoire|newspaper=Franceinfo|language=fr|date=12 June 2019|access-date=14 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614223549/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/cote-d-ivoire/un-trafic-de-cocaine-impliquant-les-mafias-italiennes-demantele-en-cote-d-ivoire_3484799.html|archive-date=14 June 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Morocco=== Giuseppe Polverino, the leader of the Polverino clan before his arrest, was considered the 'hashish king', due to his monopoly on the importation of hashish from Morocco to Italy via Spain supplying not only all the Camorra clans, but also the 'Ndrangheta, the Sicilian Mafia and the Sacra Corona Unita.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/03/07/news/il_re_dell_hashish-31111234/|title=Polverino, il re dell'hashish|website=Napoli – La Repubblica|date=7 March 2012|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327111921/https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/03/07/news/il_re_dell_hashish-31111234/|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The Polverino clan had a monopoly of the hashish trade since 1992. According to one of the pentitos of the clan, Domenico Verde, the hashish was cultivated in the region of Ketama, and arrived by mules in the beginning, but later was modernized and accessible on trucks and cars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stylo24.it/inchieste/camorra-marano-droga-spagna/|title=Il narcos arrivò alla piantagione di canapa sul monte a dorso di un mulo|date=14 March 2018|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327092927/https://www.stylo24.it/inchieste/camorra-marano-droga-spagna/|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 18 March 2019 an Italian, suspected of being one of the leaders of the Mazzarella clan, was arrested in the Ourika region, near Marrakesh. He had a pursuant to a red notice issued against him by Interpol in January 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/75979/morocco-arrests-italian-national-suspected.html|title=Morocco arrests an Italian national suspected of being leader of "Camorra"|work=Yabiladi|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090508/https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/75979/morocco-arrests-italian-national-suspected.html|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 29 May 2019 Raffaele Vallefuoco, an important member of the Polverino clan, was arrested in the Rabat region. Vallefuoco is considered one of the biggest drug traffickers in Italy and was included on the list of the 50 most wanted fugitives.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2019/05/29/news/camorra_arrestato_in_marocco_raffaele_vallefuoco_latitante_clan_polverino-227520219/?refresh_ce|title=Camorra, arrestato in Marocco Raffaele Vallefuoco nella lista dei 50 ricercati più pericolosi |newspaper= la Repubblica|date=29 May 2019 }} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ledesk.ma/encontinu/arrestation-tanger-dun-membre-de-la-camorra-italienne |title=Arrestation à Tanger d'un membre de la Camorra italienne |newspaper=ledesk.ma |access-date=30 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530043421/https://ledesk.ma/encontinu/arrestation-tanger-dun-membre-de-la-camorra-italienne/ |archive-date=30 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===Netherlands===
According to Francesco Forgione, the former president of the Antimafia Commission, the Camorra is very active in gambling houses and money laundering in the Netherlands. The Camorra also uses the country to counterfeit clothes, and the clans most involved in this illegal activity are the Licciardi clan, the Di Lauro clan and the Sarno clan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/longform/mafia-and-organized-crime-in-europe/map/netherlands/|title=Netherlands|website=Il Fatto Quotidiano|date=4 July 2017 |access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320204505/https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/longform/mafia-and-organized-crime-in-europe/map/netherlands/|archive-date=20 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Augusto La Torre, the former leader of the La Torre clan is suspected of having hid hundreds of millions of euros in Dutch banks, as the La Torre clan was very active in the country in the 1990s transporting large cocaine shipments from South America to Naples via the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ad.nl/buitenland/augusto-la-torre-kon-zijn-maffia-dna-niet-langer-verbergen~abb1f24e/|title=Augusto La Torre kon zijn maffia-dna niet langer verbergen|website=Algemeen Dagblad|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128040225/https://www.ad.nl/buitenland/augusto-la-torre-kon-zijn-maffia-dna-niet-langer-verbergen~abb1f24e/|archive-date=28 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1996, Raffaele Imperiale bought a coffee shop called Rockland Coffee in Amsterdam, where he sold soft drugs and was involved in large scale cocaine trafficking with the Dutch drug trader Rick van de Bunt. Imperiale worked in Amsterdam until 2008. In 2016, two stolen Van Gogh paintings from the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam in 2002 were recovered in a villa near Naples, connected to Raffaele Imperiale, accused of being one of the Camorra's prolific drug barons. Imperiale was sentenced to 18 years ''in absentia'' for drug offenses.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/stolen-van-gogh-masterpieces-found-in-mafias-lair-returning-home-after-mobsters-conviction|title=Stolen Van Gogh masterpieces found in Mafia's lair returning home after mobster's conviction |work=National Post|date=20 January 2017|last1=Humphreys |first1=Adrian }}</ref> After fleeing the Netherlands to Dubai, he had been seen in the Burj Al Arab hotel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/maffiabaas-en-van-gogh-koper-werkte-jarenlang-in-amsterdam~aadd2c7a/|title=Maffiabaas en Van Gogh-koper werkte jarenlang in Amsterdam|website=Algemeen Dagblad|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091805/https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/maffiabaas-en-van-gogh-koper-werkte-jarenlang-in-amsterdam~aadd2c7a/|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 27 November 2019, the DIA with the support of the Dutch police arrested Alfredo Marfella, a drug trafficker working for Camorra clans, in The Hague. Marfella is believed to have played a coordinating role in the drug trade from the Netherlands to Italy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crimesite.nl/italiaanse-camorra-verdachte-aangehouden-in-nederland/|title=Italiaanse Camorra-verdachte aangehouden in Nederland|last= |date=27 November 2019|website=Crimesite|language=nl|access-date=27 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127182242/https://www.crimesite.nl/italiaanse-camorra-verdachte-aangehouden-in-nederland/|archive-date=27 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://napoli.fanpage.it/camorra-arrestato-narcos-latitante-dal-2016-faceva-lo-chef-in-olanda/|title=Camorra, arrestato narcos latitante dal 2016: faceva lo chef in Olanda|website=Napoli Fanpage|language=it|access-date=27 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127182244/https://napoli.fanpage.it/camorra-arrestato-narcos-latitante-dal-2016-faceva-lo-chef-in-olanda/|archive-date=27 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In December 2019, the Dutch police arrested in The Hague, Dario Pasutto, a businessman suspected of smuggling thousands of kilos of cocaine and tens of thousands of kilos of hashish from the Netherlands to Italy. According to the Dutch press, the suspect is a well-known flamboyant entrepreneur, and for many years a Camorra affiliate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crimesite.nl/camorra-verdachte-den-haag-is-flamboyante-ondernemer/|title=Camorra-verdachte Den Haag is flamboyante ondernemer|last= |date=19 December 2019|website=Crimesite|language=nl|access-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220144539/https://www.crimesite.nl/camorra-verdachte-den-haag-is-flamboyante-ondernemer/|archive-date=20 December 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/weer-maffia-arrestatie-in-den-haag-flamboyante-haagse-ondernemer-aangehouden-br~afa6e02d/?referrer=https://www.google.com/|title=Wéér maffia-arrestatie in Den Haag: flamboyante Haagse ondernemer aangehouden|website=AD.nl|language=nl}}</ref> The arrest of Pasutto is related to the arrests made by the Italian police in Naples in the same week against a group of drug traffickers that were smuggling cocaine from Colombia to the city of Naples with the help of Camorra clans.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/colpo-ai-narcos-napoletani-i-nomi-dei-12-arrestati-ce-il-figlio-di-patrizio-vastarella/|title=Colpo ai Narcos napoletani, i nomi dei 12 arrestati: c'è il figlio di Patrizio Vastarella|date=18 December 2019|website=InterNapoli.it|language=it-IT|access-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220164401/https://internapoli.it/colpo-ai-narcos-napoletani-i-nomi-dei-12-arrestati-ce-il-figlio-di-patrizio-vastarella/|archive-date=20 December 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Peru=== As Peru is one of the largest cocaine producers in the world, the Camorra's interest in the country is entirely related to the drug trafficking.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peru Now The Biggest Cocaine Producer|url=https://www.nhpr.org/post/peru-now-biggest-cocaine-producer|access-date=2020-06-11|website=www.nhpr.org|date=15 January 2014|language=en}}</ref>
In the 1980s, Umberto Ammaturo, a Camorra affiliate, established a virtual monopoly of cocaine trafficking to Italy from Peru, where he benefited from the protection and collusion of important personalities.<ref name="jamieson">[http://www.bmlv.gv.at/pdf_pool/publikationen/03_jb99_04.pdf Cooperation between organized crime groups around the world] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718153044/http://www.bmlv.gv.at/pdf_pool/publikationen/03_jb99_04.pdf|date=18 July 2011}}, by Alison Jamieson, Jahrbuch für internationale Sicherheitspolitik 1999, December 1999 {{ISBN|3-8132-0599-1}}</ref> According to the US DEA, due to his trafficking activities, Ammaturo was one of the chief financiers of the Shining Path guerrilla movement in Peru.<ref>Behan, The Camorra, pp. 131–132</ref>
One of the leaders of the Mazzarella clan, Salvatore Zazo, was allegedly involved in a large scheme of international cocaine trafficking from Peru to Europe, with the intention to acquire total control of the Port of Callao; one of his contacts was Gerald Oropeza, one of the biggest drug traffickers in Peru.<ref>{{cite web|date=26 April 2015|title=Gerald Oropeza tendría nexos con capo de la "Camorra Napolitana"|url=https://peru.com/actualidad/mi-ciudad/gerald-oropeza-tendria-nexos-capo-camorra-napolitana-noticia-350055|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214194406/http://peru.com/actualidad/mi-ciudad/gerald-oropeza-tendria-nexos-capo-camorra-napolitana-noticia-350055|archive-date=14 December 2015|access-date=17 April 2020|website=Peru.com}}</ref> According to the DEA, Zazo would manage more than U$500 million per year in shipments of cocaine through the ports of the country to Europe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gerald Oropeza y sus vínculos con la temible mafia 'Camorra Napolitana'|url=https://www.americatv.com.pe/noticias/actualidad/gerald-oropeza-y-sus-vinculos-temible-mafia-camorra-napolitana-n179821|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090343/https://www.americatv.com.pe/noticias/actualidad/gerald-oropeza-y-sus-vinculos-temible-mafia-camorra-napolitana-n179821|archive-date=27 March 2019|access-date=17 April 2020|website=América Noticias}}</ref>
A 2021 report made by Raúl Del Castillo, general of the National Police of Peru, stressed that Europe is today the main destination of Peruvian cocaine, specifying also that Camorra clans are among the international criminal organizations that have their emissaries "working" in Peru.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grossi|first=Luca|title=Produzione di droga in America Latina: 649 tonnellate in Perù e 936 in Colombia|url=https://www.antimafiaduemila.com/home/terzo-millennio/310-narcotraffico/86558-produzione-di-droga-in-america-latina-649-tonnellate-in-peru-e-936-in-colombia.html|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Antimafia Duemila {{!}} Fondatore Giorgio Bongiovanni|date=November 2021 |language=it-IT}}</ref>
The notorious "super cartel" headed by Raffaele Imperiale, one of the major drug traffickers of the Camorra, had a virtual monopoly of the Peruvian cocaine trade, in which the drugs were distributed throughout Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Melone |first=Francesco |date=2022-11-18 |title=Raffaele Imperiale, da una rivendita di bevande al controllo di un terzo del commercio di cocaina in Europa |url=https://www.casertanotizie.com/cronaca/2022/11/18/raffaele-imperiale-da-una-rivendita-di-bevande-al-controllo-di-un-terzo-del-commercio-di-cocaina-in-europa/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Caserta Notizie |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=amduemila-1 |title=Raffaele Imperiale: la droga, la latitanza a Dubai e quei quadri (recuperati) di Van Gogh |url=https://www.antimafiaduemila.com/home/mafie-news/230-camorra/64157-raffaele-imperiale-la-droga-la-litanza-a-dubai-e-quei-quadri-recuperati-di-van-gogh.html |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Antimafia Duemila {{!}} Fondatore Giorgio Bongiovanni |date=6 February 2017 |language=it-IT}}</ref>
===Romania===
Camorra clans in Romania deal in money laundering.<ref name="auto"/> In 2017, Gaetano Manzo, the accountant of the Sacco-Bocchetti clan, was arrested in his villa in Fizeșu Gherlii. The Sacco-Bocchetti clan is a subgroup of the Licciardi clan and Manzo took care of the accounting of the clan, and often supervised the supply of drugs from abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anteprima24.it/napoli/ragioniere-clan-arrestato/|title="Ragioniere" del clan Sacco-Bocchetti arrestato in Romania|date=11 August 2017|website=Anteprima24.it}}</ref>
In 2018, Nicola Inquieto, an Italian businessman with strong ties to Michele Zagaria one of the leaders of the powerful Casalesi clan, was arrested in Romania. Inquieto has built hundreds of apartments through his companies and owns the most modern spa in Argeș County. The prosecutors have also seized 400 apartments in Pitești belonging to his companies. His businesses in the country are valued at several million euros.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.romaniajournal.ro/society-people/italian-with-businesses-of-millions-of-euros-in-romania-arrested-on-charges-of-money-laundering-for-the-camorra/|title=Italian with businesses of millions of euros in Romania, arrested on charges of money laundering for the Camorra|first=Valeriu|last=Lazar|date=12 April 2018|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708051859/https://www.romaniajournal.ro/society-people/italian-with-businesses-of-millions-of-euros-in-romania-arrested-on-charges-of-money-laundering-for-the-camorra/|archive-date=8 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 19 October 2019, Vincenzo Inquieto, right-hand man of Michele Zagaria and brother of Nicola Inquieto, was arrested in the Naples International Airport after returning from Bucharest. According to the Romanian media, since the arrest of his brother Nicola, Vincenzo lived permanently in the country, returning rarely to Italy. And was reportedly taking charge of the vast business the Casalesi clan, particularly the Zagaria's faction, held in Romania.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stiridiaspora.ro/legaturile-cu-romania-ale-clanului-casalesi-celebru-mafiot-din-italia-prins-dupa-o-calatorie-de-afaceri-in-ara-noastra_429852.html|title=Legăturile cu România ale clanului Casalesi: Celebru Mafiot din Italia, prins după o "călătorie de afaceri" în țara noastră|last=Nicolau|first=Nicoleta|website=www.stiridiaspora.ro|language=en|access-date=20 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020162617/https://www.stiridiaspora.ro/legaturile-cu-romania-ale-clanului-casalesi-celebru-mafiot-din-italia-prins-dupa-o-calatorie-de-afaceri-in-ara-noastra_429852.html|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://caserta.occhionotizie.it/arrestato-vincenzo-inquieto-camorra-zagaria/|title=Camorra, catturato a Capodichino il braccio destro del boss Zagaria|date=20 October 2019|website=L'Occhio di Caserta|language=it-IT|access-date=20 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020162617/https://caserta.occhionotizie.it/arrestato-vincenzo-inquieto-camorra-zagaria/|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Spain===
According to the journalist Roberto Saviano, Spain (after Italy) is the country most entwined with the Camorra. It is where the Camorra clans established its massive businesses revolving around drug trafficking and money laundering in real estate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cafebabel.com/en/article/roberto-saviano-spain-in-mafia-hands-5ae00686f723b35a145e0ce3/|title=Roberto Saviano: Spain in mafia hands|first=Adriano|last=Farano|website=Cafébabel|language=es|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001143500/https://cafebabel.com/en/article/roberto-saviano-spain-in-mafia-hands-5ae00686f723b35a145e0ce3/|archive-date=1 October 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Camorra has been in Spain since the 1980s. The most powerful clan acting in the country is the Polverino clan due to the number of people they have installed and because of the potential of their structure. They have influence in the cities of Alicante, Tarragona, Málaga and Cádiz.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://revistafiatlux.com/la-camorra-en-espana/|title=La Camorra en España|work=Revista Fiat Lux|language=es|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001160515/http://revistafiatlux.com/la-camorra-en-espana/|archive-date=1 October 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
According to the Italian antimafia police, in recent times, the Camorra clans based in Spain have accumulated €700 million as a result of drug trafficking and money laundering in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elimparcial.es/noticia/40227/opinion/camorra-espana-y-costa-nostra.html|title=Camorra, España y Costa Nostra|website=El Imparcial|language=es|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091628/https://www.elimparcial.es/noticia/40227/opinion/camorra-espana-y-costa-nostra.html|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The presence of the organization in the Costa del Sol is so strong that Camorra bosses refer to it as ''Costa Nostra''' ("Our Coast"), according to Italian journalist Roberto Saviano, a specialist on the Naples criminal underworld.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.it/20190205/spanish-police-strike-blow-to-camorra-crime-network|title=Spanish police strike blow to Camorra mafia crime network|date=5 February 2019|website=thelocal.it|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115184500/https://www.thelocal.it/20190205/spanish-police-strike-blow-to-camorra-crime-network|archive-date=15 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Another clan with influence in Spain is the Scissionisti di Secondigliano led by Raffaele Amato nicknamed Lo Spagnolo (the Spaniard), because before creating his own clan, he controlled the drug trafficking operation from Galicia to Naples for the Di Lauro clan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/diario/2009/05/18/espana/1242597609_850215.html|title=Detenido en Marbella El Español, sanguinario jefe de la Camorra|date=18 May 2009|newspaper=El País|language=es|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090307/https://elpais.com/diario/2009/05/18/espana/1242597609_850215.html|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Amato was arrested as he left a casino in Barcelona in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4303235.stm|title='Naples crime boss' held in Spain|date=28 February 2005|publisher=BBC|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529132401/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4303235.stm|archive-date=29 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
The drug trafficker Pasquale Brunese was arrested in Valencia in 2015, after seven years hiding from the Italian police.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/primopiano/esteri/spagna_arrestato_sette_anni_latitanza_pasquale_brunese_cameriere-1434064.html|title=Spagna, arrestato dopo sette anni di latitanza Pasquale Brunese: si nascondeva facendo il cameriere|website=www.ilmessaggero.it|date=17 December 2015|language=it|access-date=26 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926185837/https://www.ilmessaggero.it/primopiano/esteri/spagna_arrestato_sette_anni_latitanza_pasquale_brunese_cameriere-1434064.html|archive-date=26 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He was a member of the De Luca Bossa clan, for whom he worked in the drug trade. In Spain, Brunese owned a restaurant and was living with a false name.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lainformacion.com/espana/cae-en-valencia-pasquale-brunese-mafioso-del-clan-luca-bossa-en-fuga-desde-2008_bnHkBLnfwgovnaCAsDsuG5/|title=Cae en Valencia Pasquale Brunese, mafioso del clan Luca-Bossa, en fuga desde 2008|website=La Información|language=es|access-date=26 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926190151/https://www.lainformacion.com/espana/cae-en-valencia-pasquale-brunese-mafioso-del-clan-luca-bossa-en-fuga-desde-2008_bnHkBLnfwgovnaCAsDsuG5/|archive-date=26 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.roadtvitalia.it/arrestato-in-spagna-pasquale-brunese-trafficante-di-droga-vicino-al-clan-de-luca-bossa/|title=Arrestato in Spagna Pasquale Brunese, trafficante di droga vicino al clan De Luca-Bossa|date=17 December 2015|website=ROAD TV ITALIA|language=it-IT|access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref>
In February 2019, the Spanish police arrested 14 members of the notorious Marranella clan. According to the Guardia Civil, the clan is one of the most important and violent criminal organizations dedicated to the international drug trade and is based in the Costa del Sol.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/spanish-police-nab-camorra-members-after-notorious-crime-family-stole-drugs-from-rival-traffickers|title=Spanish police nab Camorra members after notorious crime family stole drugs from rival traffickers|first=Barnini|last=Chakraborty|date=6 February 2019|publisher=Fox News Channel|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130203552/https://www.foxnews.com/world/spanish-police-nab-camorra-members-after-notorious-crime-family-stole-drugs-from-rival-traffickers|archive-date=30 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Alfredo Barasso, linked to the bloodthirsty Casalesi boss Giuseppe Setola, was arrested in Valencia and extradited to Italy. Barasso was a "bridge" between Italy and Spain, working for the Casalesi clan in the drugs management in the Barcelona area. After his decision to become a pentito, and afraid of retaliation by the Camorra, Barasso would be willing to return to Spain, where he has wife and children, and pay his penalty there, as provided by the bilateral agreements between the two countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://milano.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/19_settembre_29/camorra-omicidi-efferati-carichi-coca-nell-hinterland-cella-gola-profonda-clan-5cd97646-e27b-11e9-9830-af2de6b1f945.shtml|title=Camorra, omicidi efferati e carichi di coca nell'hinterland. In cella la gola profonda dei clan|last=Galli|first=Andrea|date=29 September 2019|website=Corriere della Sera|language=it|access-date=1 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004014703/https://milano.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/19_settembre_29/camorra-omicidi-efferati-carichi-coca-nell-hinterland-cella-gola-profonda-clan-5cd97646-e27b-11e9-9830-af2de6b1f945.shtml|archive-date=4 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
According to a 2019 documentary of the Spanish television, Barcelona is the nerve center of the organization outside Italy, exposing the endless business of the Camorra in Catalonia, from the massive drug trafficking to the laundering of huge amounts of money in restaurants, clubs and hotels of the region. The documentary also features an interview with Maurizio Prestieri, former member of the Di Lauro clan arrested in Marbella in 2003 and now pentito, who said that Spain is the favorite place for the ''camorristi.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elperiodico.cat/ca/tele/20191016/capo-camorra-napolitana-proces-independencia-catalunya-7685017|title=Un capo de la Camorra: "La independència de Catalunya és un teló per operar sense fer soroll"|date=16 October 2019|website=elperiodico|language=ca|access-date=16 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016162221/https://www.elperiodico.cat/ca/tele/20191016/capo-camorra-napolitana-proces-independencia-catalunya-7685017|archive-date=16 October 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Also in 2019, relatives of top members belonging to the Polverino clan claim three million euros to the Spanish State of compensation after their relatives were acquitted by the National Court of the crime of money laundering for which they were arrested in 2013 and tried in 2016. Among the assets seized were six yachts, two Ferrari Testarossa, one Lamborghini, one Harley-Davidson, bank accounts and real estate. The plaintiffs are all relatives of the late Giuseppe Felaco, who was allegedly an important member of the Polverino clan based in the Canary Islands, they assure that this Spanish police operation against their family has been a great economic damage, apart from a moral damage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2019/10/10/actualidad/1570709940_455920.html|title=Familiares de jefes de la camorra reclaman tres millones a España tras ser absueltos de blanqueo|last=Hernández|first=José Antonio|date=10 October 2019|work=El País|access-date=21 October 2019|language=es|issn=1134-6582|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021181431/https://elpais.com/politica/2019/10/10/actualidad/1570709940_455920.html|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 20 November 2019, the Italian police with the cooperation of the Spanish police, arrested two members of the Polverino clan, who belonged to a major transnational organizational structure, created by the Polverinos, based in Valencia and Naples, that between 2001 and 2012 imported hashish from Morocco via Spain to arrive in the Campania region.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/85819/italie-arrestation-negociateurs-italiens-mafia.html|title=Italie : Arrestation de négociateurs italiens de la mafia Camorra, liés à des fournisseurs au Maroc|website=www.yabiladi.com|language=fr|access-date=21 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122154233/https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/85819/italie-arrestation-negociateurs-italiens-mafia.html|archive-date=22 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2019/11/20/news/camorra_traffico_hashish_da_marocco_e_spagna_arrestati_due_uomini_del_clan_polverino-241497985/|title=Camorra: traffico hashish da Marocco e Spagna, arrestati due uomini del clan Polverino|date=20 November 2019|website=Repubblica.it|language=it|access-date=21 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120200344/https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2019/11/20/news/camorra_traffico_hashish_da_marocco_e_spagna_arrestati_due_uomini_del_clan_polverino-241497985/|archive-date=20 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Switzerland===
The Camorra has had a presence in Switzerland for more than 50 years, undertaking money laundering but also arms trafficking and drug trafficking. The Casalesi clan is present throughout the country, and according to the investigations into the clan, it has numerous Swiss bank accounts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tio.ch/ticino/focus/1251533/la-svizzera-e-la-mafia-un-rapporto-che-dura-da-50-anni|title=La Svizzera e la mafia: un rapporto che dura da 50 anni|date=21 June 2018|website=Ticinonline|access-date=19 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090912/https://www.tio.ch/ticino/focus/1251533/la-svizzera-e-la-mafia-un-rapporto-che-dura-da-50-anni|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 1992, Ciro Mazzarella, the late boss of the Mazzarella clan, decided to move to Switzerland, after losing a war between Camorra clans in Naples. From his logistics base in Lugano, he created an enviable economic empire with cigarette smuggling that arrived from Montenegro.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.limesonline.com/cartaceo/e-la-camorra-sbarco-in-montenegro|title=E la Camorra sbarcò in Montenegro|work=Limes|date=11 March 2000|access-date=19 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090449/http://www.limesonline.com/cartaceo/e-la-camorra-sbarco-in-montenegro|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 2017, assets worth €20 million belonging to the Potenza brothers, who are considered to be linked to the Lo Russo clan, were seized in Lugano, including bank accounts in BSI.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsi.ch/news/ticino-e-grigioni-e-insubria/Camorra-i-soldi-verso-Lugano-8938696.html|title=Camorra, i soldi verso Lugano|work=RSI Radiotelevisione svizzera|access-date=19 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091935/https://www.rsi.ch/news/ticino-e-grigioni-e-insubria/Camorra-i-soldi-verso-Lugano-8938696.html|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===United Kingdom=== According to 2020 reports about the Camorra, the United Kingdom is an area of interest to launder money, using finance companies and business activities. The Casalesi clan, through an entrepreneur and alleged financial intermediary, had invested 12 million euros using various companies based in Great Britain.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-15|title=Mafia nel Regno unito: la relazione della Dia |publisher=Il Tacco d'Italia|url=https://www.iltaccoditalia.info/2020/04/14/mafia-nel-regno-unito-la-relazione-della-dia/|access-date=2020-06-03|language=it-IT}}</ref>
Antonio Righi, called "Tonino il biondo", was considered by the investigators as a money laudererer on behalf of the Contini and Mazzarella clans in London.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-07-17|title=Exposed: The Italians making a mockery of UK law|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/business/occupation-fraudster-address-street-of-40-thieves-how-italians-mocked-uk-company-rules-a3589906.html|access-date=2020-06-03|website=Evening Standard|language=en}}</ref> Although the two organizations are historically rivals, in England they were represented by the same man. Among the British companies that figured in his scheme, was one registered at a luxurious terraced house not far from Oxford Street in London's West End. The trial built against Righi clearly showed that he understood exactly how modern global finance works. The Italian police confiscated 250 million euros belonging to Righi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gran Bretagna - Pizza, friarielli e pounds: la ricetta per il riciclaggio dei Contini a Londra|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/longform/mafie-europa/focus/gran-bretagna/|access-date=2020-06-03|website=Il Fatto Quotidiano|date=17 July 2017 |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first1=Matteo|last1=Civillini|first2=Cecilia|last2=Anesi|first3=Giulio|last3=Rubino|title=How the Camorra Went Global|url=https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/6750-how-the-camorra-went-global|access-date=2020-06-03|website=www.occrp.org|language=en}}</ref>
Between the mid-1980s and early 2000s, Scotland has had its brush with the Camorra, when Antonio La Torre of Aberdeen was the local ''"Boss"''. He is the brother of Camorra boss Augusto La Torre of the La Torre clan which had its base in Mondragone, Caserta. The La Torre Clan's empire was worth hundreds of millions of euros. Antonio had several legitimate businesses in Aberdeen, whereas his brother Augusto had several illegal businesses there. Augusto would eventually become a pentito in January 2003.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sundayherald.com/52046|title=He insists he's just a normal businessman living quietly with his wife and children in Aberdeen. So why are Italian police so convinced Antonio la Torre is really a ruthless mafia don?|newspaper=Sunday Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315053741/http://www.sundayherald.com/52046|url-status=dead|date=2 October 2005|archive-date=15 March 2006}}</ref> Antonio was convicted in Scotland and extradited to Italy in 2006 to serve a 13-year sentence; he was released in 2014.<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://www.sundaypost.com/fp/guns-extortion-and-death-threats-the-new-claims-facing-aberdeen-mafia-boss-arrested-in-italy/|title=Guns, extortion and death threats... the new claims facing Aberdeen mafia boss arrested in Italy|work=The Sunday Post|date=26 August 2018|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128040340/https://www.sundaypost.com/fp/guns-extortion-and-death-threats-the-new-claims-facing-aberdeen-mafia-boss-arrested-in-italy/|archive-date=28 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> With the fall of the La Torre clan in the 2000s, Scotland experienced the disappearance of Camorra in the country, in fact the La Torre clan was overthrown in all the countries it had a massive presence, such as in Italy and in the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cramb|first=Auslan|date=2014-08-22|title=The McMafia: Is there a mob in Aberdeen?|journal=Daily Telegraph|language=en-GB|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scotland/11048598/The-McMafia-Is-there-a-mob-in-Aberdeen.html|access-date=2020-06-03|issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Il sanguinario boss La Torre diventa scrittore: in uscita il suo libro|url=http://www.casertanews.it/cronaca/libro-augusto-la-torre-camorra.html|access-date=2020-06-03|website=CasertaNews|language=it}}</ref>
===United States=== The Camorra operated in the United States, primarily in New York City, between the mid-19th century and early 20th century. They rivaled the now defunct Morello crime family for power in New York City. Eventually, they melded with early Italian-American Mafia groups.
In the 1980s, many Camorra members and associates fled the internecine gang warfare and Italian justice, which was directed at suppressing the groups, and immigrated to the United States. According to the FBI, it is believed that nearly 200 Camorra affiliates operate in the country. Although they did not appear to recreate their clan structure in the United States, Camorra members have established a presence in Los Angeles, New York City, and Springfield, Massachusetts.<ref name=Liddick>{{cite book|last=Liddick|first=Don|title=The Global Underworld: Transnational Crime and the United States|pages=34|publisher=Greenwood|year=2004|isbn=9780275980740}}</ref> The US law enforcement considers the Camorra to be a rising criminal enterprise, especially dangerous because of its ability to adapt to new trends and forge new alliances with other criminal organizations.<ref name=Richards/><ref name="fbi">{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/organized-crime#Italian-Organized%20Crime/Mafia|title=Organized Crime: Italian Organized Crime/Mafia|access-date=May 24, 2018|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329112840/https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/organized-crime#Italian-Organized%20Crime/Mafia|archive-date=March 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2012, the Obama administration imposed sanctions on the Camorra as one of four key transnational organized crime groups, along with the Brothers' Circle from Russia, the Yamaguchi-gumi (Japan's largest yakuza organization), and Los Zetas from Mexico.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cohen|first=David|title=Combating Transnational Organized Crime|url=http://www.treasury.gov/connect/blog/Pages/Combating-Transnational-Organized-Crime.aspx|publisher=United States Department of the Treasury|access-date=26 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716044912/http://www.treasury.gov/connect/blog/Pages/Combating-Transnational-Organized-Crime.aspx|archive-date=16 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Alliances with other criminal groups==
===Camorra-'Ndrangheta===
According to the media, there have always been alliances between the Camorra and the 'Ndrangheta members. On 26 August 1976, Domenico Tripodo, a powerful 'Ndrangheta boss of the time, was stabbed to death in prison on the request of the De Stefano 'ndrina, and with the help of Camorra boss Raffaele Cutolo, the boss of the Nuova Camorra Organizzata (NCO) who worked with the De Stefano's in drug trafficking.<ref name=pais270876>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.elpais.com/articulo/internacional/ITALIA/dirigente/mafioso/apunalado/carcel/Napoles/elpepiint/19760827elpepiint_3/Tes/ Un dirigente mafioso es apuñalado en una cárcel de Nápoles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811055425/http://www.elpais.com/articulo/internacional/ITALIA/dirigente/mafioso/apunalado/carcel/Napoles/elpepiint/19760827elpepiint_3/Tes |date=11 August 2011 }}, El País, 27 August 1976</ref>
The Tamanaco operation that ended on 22 June 2010, destroyed a drug trafficking operation managed by the La Torre clan from Mondragone and the Barbaro 'ndrina from Platì. The operation consisted in transporting the drugs from Venezuela and Colombia, through several European ports including the port of Amsterdam. At the port of Livorno, 700 kilos of cocaine were seized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://corrieredelmezzogiorno.corriere.it/napoli/notizie/cronaca/2010/22-giugno-2010/cocaina-sudamerica-olanda-patto-criminale-ndrangheta-camorra-1703243208674.shtml|title=Patto criminale tra 'ndrangheta e camorra Cocaina dal Sudamerica all'Europa – Corriere del Mezzogiorno|website=Corriere della Sera|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906041635/http://corrieredelmezzogiorno.corriere.it/napoli/notizie/cronaca/2010/22-giugno-2010/cocaina-sudamerica-olanda-patto-criminale-ndrangheta-camorra-1703243208674.shtml|archive-date=6 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 11 May 2016, a criminal alliance between the Sinti criminal organization Casamonica clan, members of the Camorra, and affiliates from the 'Ndrangheta's of Polistena, Taurianova and Melicucco was dismantled by the police. €25 million were seized.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cn24tv.it/news/133996/roma-sequestrati-beni-per-25mln-alla-triade-di-ndrangheta-camorra-e-casamonica.html|title=Roma: sequestrati beni per 25mln alla "triade" di 'ndrangheta, camorra e Casamonica|website=CN24|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091330/http://www.cn24tv.it/news/133996/roma-sequestrati-beni-per-25mln-alla-triade-di-ndrangheta-camorra-e-casamonica.html|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 21 March 2018, 19 arrests were made in Rome of alleged members belonging to the Licciardi clan of the Camorra and members of the Filippone 'ndrina and Gallico 'ndrina accused of drug trafficking.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2018/03/21/italia/camorra-e-ndrangheta-arresti-a-roma-fhtf6U9A37dxOEYFn7XMVN/pagina.html|title=Camorra e 'ndrangheta, 19 arresti a Roma|website=La Stampa|date=21 March 2018|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321034951/https://www.lastampa.it/2018/03/21/italia/camorra-e-ndrangheta-arresti-a-roma-fhtf6U9A37dxOEYFn7XMVN/pagina.html|archive-date=21 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2019, investigations of the Italian police reveals links between the Contini clan and the Crupi brothers, members of the powerful Commisso 'ndrina. Both organizations are reportedly cooperating in the drug trafficking business.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.stylo24.it/inchieste/camorra-ndrangheta-dentista-contini/|title=I Contini, la 'Ndrangheta e il dentista pagato con l'assegno scoperto|newspaper=stylo24.it|language=it|date=3 August 2019|access-date=4 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804050814/https://www.stylo24.it/inchieste/camorra-ndrangheta-dentista-contini/|archive-date=4 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Camorra-Cosa Nostra===
Several Camorra clans have lasting relationships with the Cosa Nostra. Prominent elements of the Mafia such as Salvatore Riina, Leoluca Bagarella, Luciano Leggio and Bernardo Provenzano found themselves in contact with Camorra clans such as the Nuvoletta clan, members of the Camorra such as Michele Zaza and Antonio Bardellino, and with other groups that formed the Nuova Famiglia confederation in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2010/04/24/cosi-superboss-della-mafia-scelsero-napoli.html|title=Così i superboss della mafia 'scelsero' Napoli|website=la Repubblica.it|date=24 April 2010 |access-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327101817/https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2010/04/24/cosi-superboss-della-mafia-scelsero-napoli.html|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In the past, the Russo clan had links with the Mafia, particularly in the 1980s and 1990s, at the time of the Corleonesi Mafia era.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://corrieredelmezzogiorno.corriere.it/bari/notizie/cronaca/2009/1-novembre-2009/catturato-anche-pasquale-russo-era-luogotenente-mafia-siciliana-1601943404522.shtml|title=Catturato anche Pasquale Russo: era il luogotenente della mafia siciliana |newspaper= Corriere del Mezzogiorno}} </ref>
In 2019, the Direzione Investigativa Antimafia of Catania dismantled a scheme between the Camorra's Mallardo clan and Casalesi clan and members of the powerful Catania Mafia family, led by Vincenzo Enrico Augusto Ercolano, son of Giuseppe Ercolano (deceased, but once an important member of the Catania's mafia) and Grazia Santapaola, the sister of the historical boss Benedetto Santapaola. The DIA also confiscated €10 million in the operation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stylo24.it/cronaca/mafia-sequestro-vincenzo-ercolano/|title=Asse Cosa nostra-camorra, confiscato tesoro al nipote del padrino catanese|publisher=stylo24.it|date=7 August 2019|language=it|access-date=7 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807152623/https://www.stylo24.it/cronaca/mafia-sequestro-vincenzo-ercolano/|archive-date=7 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.strettoweb.com/2019/08/catania-confisca-vincenzo-enrico-augusto-ercolano-dettagli/880127/|title=Catania: confisca per 10 milioni nei confronti di Vincenzo Enrico Augusto Ercolano [DETTAGLI]|publisher=strettoweb.com|date=7 August 2019|language=it|access-date=7 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807152627/http://www.strettoweb.com/2019/08/catania-confisca-vincenzo-enrico-augusto-ercolano-dettagli/880127/|archive-date=7 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
According to the pentito Domenico Verde, the Polverino clan has a good relationship with the Cosa Nostra families from Palermo, in particular thanks to the drug trafficking business.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stylo24.it/boss-camorra-mafia-palermitana/|title=Il boss mi disse: con la mafia palermitana stiamo messi più che bene|date=23 March 2020|website=Stylo24 - Giornale d'inchiesta|language=it-IT|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323134419/https://www.stylo24.it/boss-camorra-mafia-palermitana/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Camorra-Sacra Corona Unita===
In 1981, Raffaele Cutolo, entrusted Pino Iannelli and Alessandro Fusco the task of founding an organization in Apulia to be directly controlled by the Nuova Camorra Organizzata, the organization was named Nuova Camorra Pugliese, later called Sacra Corona Unita. This organization operated in various cities of Apulia during the 1980s.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.deliapolis.it/news/il-procuratore-capo-della-repubblica-di-napoli-giovanni-colangelo-nel-mirino-della-camorra-e-della-sacra-corona-unita/|title=Il procuratore capo della Repubblica di Napoli, Giovanni Colangelo nel mirino della Camorra e della Sacra Corona Unita? :: deliapress.it Bova Marina RC|website=deliapolis.it|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090712/https://www.deliapolis.it/news/il-procuratore-capo-della-repubblica-di-napoli-giovanni-colangelo-nel-mirino-della-camorra-e-della-sacra-corona-unita/|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> But with the downfall of Cutolo, the organisation was no longer a subgroup of the Camorra and was under the leadership of Giuseppe Rogoli.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20110112/world/mafia-boss-extradited-from-albania-to-italy.344979|title=Mafia boss extradited from Albania to Italy|website=The Times|date=12 January 2011 |location=Malta|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085842/https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20110112/world/mafia-boss-extradited-from-albania-to-italy.344979|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
According to the pentito Antonio Accurso, the Di Lauro clan has several links to the Sacra Corona Unita in question with regards to drug trafficking.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/74561-la-puglia-e-roba-di-marco-di-lauro-per-il-pentito-e-o-cavallar-a-gestire-la-droga-con-la-sacra-corona-unita/|title="La Puglia è roba di Marco Di Lauro". Per il pentito è 'o cavallar a gestire la droga con la Sacra Corona Unita|date=30 August 2017|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322170922/https://internapoli.it/74561-la-puglia-e-roba-di-marco-di-lauro-per-il-pentito-e-o-cavallar-a-gestire-la-droga-con-la-sacra-corona-unita/|archive-date=22 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Camorra-Società foggiana===
In September 2019, the Italian police dismantled an international drug trafficking alliance between the powerful Gionta clan of the Camorra, the Società foggiana, also known as the fifth-mafia, and Moroccan drug traffickers.<ref name="ilmattino.it">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/spaccio_internazionale_di_droga_accordo_tra_mafia_foggiana_e_gionta-4744882.html|title=Spaccio internazionale di droga: accordo tra mafia foggiana e Gionta: operazione a Trento|website=www.ilmattino.it|access-date=19 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927125017/https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/spaccio_internazionale_di_droga_accordo_tra_mafia_foggiana_e_gionta-4744882.html|archive-date=27 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> The investigation started in 2016 against a Maghreb gang based in the region of Trentino-Alto Adige. The vast network of drug traffickers, extended from Morocco, passing through Spain, Switzerland and the Netherlands to finally arrive in Trentino and in Bolzano. Arriving in Italy, the drugs were sold in parks, historic centers and near schools by mainly Tunisian and Moroccan pushers. Nineteen people were arrested, four are still wanted in Italy, Spain and in the Netherlands and seventy-three are under investigation. The operation seized over 1 ton of hashish and 2 kg of cocaine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lavocedelnordest.eu/operazionecarthago/|title=Operazione 'Carthago' della Finanza di Trento: scovati 73 trafficanti e 1 tonnellata di hashish, spacciavano vicino alle scuole – LaVocedelNordEst|language=it-IT|access-date=19 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920213613/http://www.lavocedelnordest.eu/operazionecarthago/|archive-date=20 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ilmattino.it"/>
===Camorra-South American drug cartels===
The links between the South American drug cartels and Camorra clans dates back to at least the 1980s, having stabilized numerous privileged drug channels from South America to Europe over the years.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-04|title=Maxi sequestro di droga, la cocaina era destinata alla camorra|url=https://www.stylo24.it/camorra-droga-porto-genova/|access-date=2020-06-04|website=Stylo24 - Giornale d'inchiesta|language=it-IT}}</ref>
According to investigations, the Camorra member Tommaso Iacomino allegedly negotiated with the head of Peruvian and Colombian drug cartels over the cocaine trade.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dialogo-americas.com/en/articles/mafia-importer-cocaine-peru-colombia-busted|title=Mafia Importer of Cocaine From Peru, Colombia Busted|website=Dialogo Americas}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Giuseppe Gallo called '' 'o pazz'' (the crazy one), boss of the Limelli-Vangone clan, is said to having contacts with Colombian drug traffickers able to reach agreements for the purchase of large quantities of cocaine, supplying various clans in the Naples area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liberainformazione.org/2010/01/21/storia-di-un-clan-e-profilo-del-boss/|title=Storia di un clan e profilo del boss|date=21 January 2010|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090548/http://www.liberainformazione.org/2010/01/21/storia-di-un-clan-e-profilo-del-boss/|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2016, Salvatore Iavarone, a broker in South America representing the Tamarisco clan from Torre Annunziata, was arrested in Ecuador.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ilgazzettinovesuviano.com/2016/04/27/salvatore-iavarone-catturato-in-ecuador-e-il-broker-internazionale-della-cocaina/|title=Salvatore Iavarone catturato in Ecuador: è il broker internazionale della cocaina|publisher=.ilgazzettinovesuviano.com|date=27 April 2016|access-date=23 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006153352/http://www.ilgazzettinovesuviano.com/2016/04/27/salvatore-iavarone-catturato-in-ecuador-e-il-broker-internazionale-della-cocaina/|archive-date=6 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iavarone is believed to be the main link for the shipment of narcotics from Ecuador to Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/2016/04/27/nota/5548140/policia-detiene-ecuador-miembro-mafia-italiana|title=Policía detiene en Ecuador a supuesto miembro de la mafia italiana|date=27 April 2016|website=El Universo|access-date=23 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323144617/https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/2016/04/27/nota/5548140/policia-detiene-ecuador-miembro-mafia-italiana|archive-date=23 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Other 28 members were arrested during this operation. The police also confiscated €11 million that belonged to Iavarone in Ecuador.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.expreso.ec/actualidad/la-mafia-italiana-tenia-sus-tentaculos-en-guayaquil-NJ290069|title=La mafia italiana tenía sus tentáculos en Guayaquil|publisher=expreso.ec|date=28 April 2016|access-date=23 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323144618/https://www.expreso.ec/actualidad/la-mafia-italiana-tenia-sus-tentaculos-en-guayaquil-NJ290069|archive-date=23 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 4 July 2019, the ''Guardia di Finanza'' seized 538 kg of cocaine, worth €200 million, destined for the Camorra in the port of Genoa. According to the reports, the drug was found in 19 bags inside a container that arrived from Colombia. On each of the loaves was a fake €500 note, a symbol known to be that of a new Colombian cartel born of the merger of several other cartels. The container was headed to Naples but was intercepted at the port of Genoa.<ref>{{cite web|date=4 July 2019|title=Genova, sequestrati 538 kg di cocaina destinati alla camorra|url=https://notizie.virgilio.it/genova-maxi-sequestro-cocaina-590463|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704175821/https://notizie.virgilio.it/genova-maxi-sequestro-cocaina-590463|archive-date=4 July 2019|access-date=4 July 2019|publisher=Notizie.virgilio.it}}</ref>
On 18 December 2019, the Italian police arrested 12 people, including members of an international drug cartel dedicated to the drug trafficking between Colombia and Italy. According to the investigations, the cocaine brought from Colombia was pure and of high quality, and when it arrived in Italy, it was sold at a "retail" price of 200 euros per gram, all the scheme was managed by Camorra members.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottopagine.it/na/cronaca/203130/traffico-di-droga-internazionale-12-arresti.shtml|title=Traffico internazionale di droga, 12 arresti|date=18 December 2019|website=Ottopagine.it|access-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219042402/https://www.ottopagine.it/na/cronaca/203130/traffico-di-droga-internazionale-12-arresti.shtml|archive-date=19 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/arrestato-salvatore-nurcaro-traffico-internazionale-droga.html|title=Traffico internazionale di droga, arrestato l'obiettivo dell'agguato di piazza Nazionale|website=NapoliToday|language=it|access-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219042404/https://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/arrestato-salvatore-nurcaro-traffico-internazionale-droga.html|archive-date=19 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Among those arrested in the operation was Salvatore Nurcaro, a well known member of the Rinaldi clan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://videoinformazioni.com/arrestato-nurcaro-e-un-narcos-il-vero-obiettivo-del-killer-che-feri-noemi/|title=Arrestato Nurcaro, è un narcos il vero obiettivo del killer che ferì Noemi|last=Petino|first=Pier Paolo|date=18 December 2019|website=Videoinformazioni|language=it-IT|access-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219154535/https://videoinformazioni.com/arrestato-nurcaro-e-un-narcos-il-vero-obiettivo-del-killer-che-feri-noemi/|archive-date=19 December 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Camorra-Albanian mafia===
According to the Direzione Investigativa Antimafia, the Albanian mafia has alliances with the Mazzarella clan and with the Scissionisti di Secondigliano, both from Naples and with the Serino clan, from Salerno.<ref name="auto1"/>
Saviano spoke of the Albanian mafia as a "no longer foreign mafia" to Italy and stressed that the Albanians and Italians have a "brotherly" relationship with each other. Saviano notes that the Camorra feels great affinity with the Albanian crime families because both organizations are based on family ties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Balkans/Roberto-Saviano-on-the-mafia-and-Eastern-Europe-47130|title=Roberto Saviano on the mafia and Eastern Europe|first=Osservatorio Balcani e|last=Caucaso|website=Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322154312/https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Balkans/Roberto-Saviano-on-the-mafia-and-Eastern-Europe-47130|archive-date=22 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Camorra-Chinese Triads===
According to the expert on terrorist organizations and mafia-type organized crime Antonio De Bonis, there is a close relationship between the Triads and the Camorra, and the port of Naples is the most important landing point of the trades managed by the Chinese groups in cooperation with the Camorra. Among the illegal activities in which the two criminal organizations work together are the human trafficking and illegal immigration aimed at the sexual and labour exploitation of the Chinese compatriots into Italy, the synthetics drug trafficking and the laundering of illicit money through the purchase of real estate.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Così la mafia cinese se la intende con la camorra|url=https://www.ilfoglio.it/cronache/2018/04/16/news/cosi-la-mafia-cinese-se-la-intende-con-la-camorra-189623/|access-date=2020-06-02|website=www.ilfoglio.it|language=it}}</ref>
In 2017, investigators discovered a scheme between the Camorra and the Chinese gangs. They exported industrial waste from Italy to China that guaranteed million-dollar revenues for both organizations. The industrial waste left Prato in Italy and arrived in Hong Kong. Among the Camorra clans involved in this alliance were the Casalesi clan, the Fabbrocino clan and the Ascione clan.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 April 2017 |title=Giro dirifiuti da prato a Hong Kong, il business di Camorra e Mafia cinese |url=https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/2017/04/26/plastica-da-prato-a-hong-kong--patto-mafia-cinese-e-camorra.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090356/https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/2017/04/26/plastica-da-prato-a-hong-kong--patto-mafia-cinese-e-camorra.html |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=20 March 2019 |website=Sky TG24 |language=it}}</ref>
===Camorra-Nigerian gangs===
In the beginning, Nigerian immigrants to Italy were not tolerated by the Camorra, but in the 2010s Nigerians and the Camorra began making alliances. Cooperation between the Camorra and Nigerian mafia is mainly in the areas of drug trafficking and prostitution. In particular, Camorra members have allowed the Nigerian gangs to organize the trafficking of women in their territory in exchange for a share on the earnings. The Nigerian mafia produces synthetic drugs independently and sells them with the consent of the Camorra. This alliance, however, may not be stable in the future, as the Nigerians have asked to be treated on par with other Italian mafias, for the fact that they are growing both as a military and as an economic force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.affaritaliani.it/cronache/mafia-nigeriana-pericoloso-asse-con-cosa-nostra-camorra-579830.html|title=Mafia nigeriana sempre più potente, nasce l'asse con Cosa Nostra e camorra|website=Affaritaliani.it|date=2 January 2019 |access-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320192727/http://www.affaritaliani.it/cronache/mafia-nigeriana-pericoloso-asse-con-cosa-nostra-camorra-579830.html|archive-date=20 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Camorra-Islamic State === According to numerous articles, the Camorra may be in alliance with the Islamic State. The allegations reached the media after the Italian police seized 14 tonnes of amphetamines produced in Syria by the Islamic State, on July 1, 2020. It is considered the world's largest seizure of amphetamines, with a value of over €1 billion. Camorra clans reportedly bring the drugs to Italy and take a huge cut for helping to distribute them. According to the investigations, the production of these drugs provides the terrorist group (ISIS) with vital revenue for its militant activities.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Davies|first=Pascale|date=2020-07-01|title='World's largest seizure': Italy finds haul of ISIS-made amphetamines|url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/07/01/world-s-largest-seizure-of-amphetamines-italy-finds-haul-of-isis-made-drugs-near-naples|access-date=2020-07-01|website=euronews|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Italy seizes Islamic State-made drugs worth €1 billion|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/italy-seizes-islamic-state-drugs-in-syria-5138177-Jul2020/|access-date=2020-07-01|website=TheJournal.ie|date=July 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-01|title=Salerno, sequestrate 14 tonnellate di "droga dell'Isis": possibile contatto tra criminali siriani e clan di camorra|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2020/07/01/salerno-sequestrate-14-tonnellate-di-droga-dellisis-possibile-contatto-tra-i-terroristi-siriani-e-clan-di-camorra/5853334/|access-date=2020-07-01|website=Il Fatto Quotidiano|language=it-IT}}</ref>
===Other alliances===
In 1995, the Camorra cooperated with the Russian Mafia in a scheme in which the Camorra would bleach out US$1 bills and reprint them as $100s. These bills would then be transported to the Russian Mafia for distribution in 29 post-Eastern Bloc countries and former Soviet republics.<ref name=Liddick/> In return, the Russian Mafia paid the Camorra with property (including a Russian bank) and firearms, smuggled into Eastern Europe and Italy.<ref name=Richards>{{cite book|last=Richards|first=James R.|title=Transnational Criminal Organizations, Cybercrime, and Money Laundering|pages=7|publisher=CRC Press|year=1998|isbn=9781420048728}}</ref>
In the 2000s, the Ukrainian mafia cooperated with Camorra clans in the cigarette smuggling business. The Ukrainians would smuggle the cigarettes from Ukraine and Eastern Europe into Italy, where with the help of the Camorra it supplies the Neapolitan market.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pupia.tv/2012/02/campania/contrabbando-sigarette-sgominata-alleanza-tra-mafia-ucraina-e-camorra/30650|title=Contrabbando sigarette, sgominata "alleanza" tra mafia ucraina e camorra|date=4 February 2012|website=Pupia.tv|language=it-IT|access-date=26 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926171851/http://www.pupia.tv/2012/02/campania/contrabbando-sigarette-sgominata-alleanza-tra-mafia-ucraina-e-camorra/30650|archive-date=26 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/contrabbando-sigarette-mille-trucchi-traffico-sotto-occhi-camorra--AERsKlfE|title=Contrabbando di sigarette, i mille trucchi del traffico sotto gli occhi della camorra|website=Il Sole 24 ORE|date=9 May 2018|language=it|access-date=26 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926171853/https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/contrabbando-sigarette-mille-trucchi-traffico-sotto-occhi-camorra--AERsKlfE|archive-date=26 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In recent years, the Contini clan is said to have cooperated in the same scheme with the Ukrainians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stylo24.it/sigarette-contrabbando-camorra-ucraina/|title=Contini, auto di lusso e guardaspalle in scooter per far colpo sugli ucrainidate=24 July 2019|website=Stylo24 - Giornale d'inchiesta|date = 24 July 2019|language=it-IT|access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref>
In March 2019, a massive international arms trafficking ring was dismantled by the authorities of Italy and Austria and coordinated by Eurojust. According to the investigations, the alliance between the Camorra and the Austrians lasted for seven years, until the police dismantled the scheme. The Austrians are known to have sold more than 800 new pistols to the Camorra as well as 50 Kalashnikovs and 10 'Scorpion' sub-machine guns, worth a total of €500,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20190326/world/italy-austria-smash-mafia-arms-trafficking-ring-officials.705686|title=Italy, Austria smash mafia arms trafficking ring: officials|website=Times of Malta|date=26 March 2019 |access-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327132900/https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20190326/world/italy-austria-smash-mafia-arms-trafficking-ring-officials.705686|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Gerhard Jarosch, the National Member for Austria at Eurojust:{{blockquote|I dont know any cases, which are so big and where so many weapons have been sold. The new owners are also not "juvenile guarantors" but several members of the Camorra, one of the most dangerous criminal organizations in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heute.at/oesterreich/news/story/Camorra-Waffen-Lieferung-illegal-zwei-Kaerntner--58545942|title=Kärntner lieferten der Camorra Kalaschnikows|website=Heute.at|date=27 March 2019 |access-date=March 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327132902/https://www.heute.at/oesterreich/news/story/Camorra-Waffen-Lieferung-illegal-zwei-Kaerntner--58545942|archive-date=March 27, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>}} The weapons are believed to have come originally from Eastern Europe taken to Carinthia in Austria with the objective to arrive in Terzigno near Naples.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://diepresse.com/home/panorama/oesterreich/5602295/Kaerntner-Buechsenmacher-sollen-Waffen-an-die-Camorra-gefliefert-haben|title=Kärntner Büchsenmacher sollen Waffen an die Camorra gefliefert haben|date=26 March 2019|website=Die Presse|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327132904/https://diepresse.com/home/panorama/oesterreich/5602295/Kaerntner-Buechsenmacher-sollen-Waffen-an-die-Camorra-gefliefert-haben|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 15 October 2019, father, 73, and son, 47, were convicted in the Court of Klagenfurt to serve 24 and 20 months respectively in jail.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.diepresse.com/5706481/vater-und-sohn-aus-karnten-lieferten-kalaschnikows-an-italienische-camorra|title=Vater und Sohn aus Kärnten lieferten Kalaschnikows an italienische...|last=Um 10:46|first=15 October 2019|website=Die Presse|language=de|access-date=15 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015155209/https://www.diepresse.com/5706481/vater-und-sohn-aus-karnten-lieferten-kalaschnikows-an-italienische-camorra|archive-date=15 October 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kurier.at/chronik/oesterreich/maenner-lieferten-waffen-an-die-mafia-haftstrafen-fuer-vater-und-sohn/400647185|title=Kärntner lieferten Waffen an die Mafia: Haftstrafen für Vater und Sohn|website=kurier.at|date=15 October 2019|language=de|access-date=15 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021151333/https://kurier.at/chronik/oesterreich/maenner-lieferten-waffen-an-die-mafia-haftstrafen-fuer-vater-und-sohn/400647185|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
DEA documents sent to the Dutch police exposed what would be a super drug cartel headed by Raffaele Imperiale (Camorra's drugs and arms dealer), Ridouan Taghi (former Dutch most wanted criminal, now in jail), Daniel Kinahan (Irish drug trafficker) and Edin G. (Bosnian drug trafficker). The group was observed by the DEA having meetings in the Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai, which is the base of the alleged cartel. The meetings took place in 2017; however, it only reached the Dutch media in October 2019. The DEA regards this as one of the world's fifty largest drug cartels, with a virtually monopoly of the Peruvian cocaine and controlled around a third of the cocaine trade in Europe. Yet, according to the DEA documents, the destination for all the drugs shipments were Dutch ports.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nltimes.nl/2019/10/18/taghi-part-super-cartel-controlling-third-eu-cocaine-trafficking-report|title=Taghi part of "super cartel" controlling third of EU cocaine trafficking: report|date=18 October 2019|website=NL Times|language=en|access-date=19 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.destentor.nl/binnenland/bundelen-cokekartels-de-krachten-in-dubai~aaec6071/|title=Bundelen cokekartels de krachten in Dubai?|language=nl|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019045214/https://www.destentor.nl/binnenland/bundelen-cokekartels-de-krachten-in-dubai~aaec6071/|archive-date=19 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parool.nl/gs-be80f6f2|title=Werkt Ridouan Taghi samen met deze drugshandelaren?|last=Voskuil|first=Yelle Tieleman en Koen|date=18 October 2019|website=Het Parool|language=nl-NL|access-date=19 October 2019}}</ref>
In 2005, it was alleged the Camorra created safe houses, forged documents, firearms, and explosives to Al-Qaeda in return for narcotics, which are brought into Italy via the Adriatic Sea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unodc.org/e4j/en/firearms/module-7/key-issues/interconnections-between-organized-criminal-groups-and-terrorist-groups.html|title = Firearms Module 7 Key Issues: Interconnections between organized criminal groups and terrorist groups}}</ref>
==Current status==
With most of the old Camorra clans decapitated, and their bosses either dead or arrested, the organization is experiencing a rise in youth criminal gangs trying to take their places. This phenomenon is called ''Paranza'', Camorra terminology for a criminal group led by youngsters or "small fish". Whilst the older bosses often operated out of the limelight, these young criminals broadcast their exploits on social media, posing in designer clothes and with €200 bottles of champagne.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/25/camorra-child-gangsters-replace-omerta-with-social-media-boasting|title=Camorra child gangsters replace omertà with social media boasting|work=The Guardian|date=25 February 2019|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321153102/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/25/camorra-child-gangsters-replace-omerta-with-social-media-boasting|archive-date=21 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2015, 19 year-old Emanuele Sibillo, considered one of the first young and leading bosses of this new generation, was shot dead by a rival baby gang.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/25/camorra-child-gangsters-replace-omerta-with-social-media-boasting|title=Camorra child gangsters replace omertà with social media boasting|first=Lorenzo|last=Tondo|date=25 February 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321153102/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/25/camorra-child-gangsters-replace-omerta-with-social-media-boasting|archive-date=21 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of these young criminals are children of Camorra members that are currently in jail.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.panorama.it/news/cronaca/napoli-come-nascono-e-colpiscono-le-baby-gang/|title=Napoli, come nascono e colpiscono le baby gang|date=17 January 2018|publisher=panorama.it|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321155204/https://www.panorama.it/news/cronaca/napoli-come-nascono-e-colpiscono-le-baby-gang/|archive-date=21 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
According to Felia Allum, author of book ''The Invisible Camorra: Neapolitan Crime Families across Europe'': {{Blockquote|We can clearly see the baby gangs are criminals, or people who want to have criminal careers. But there's a vacuum, because the traditional families have lost their leaders. In the centre of Naples the bosses are either in prison or they've become state witnesses, so there's this kind of space for younger kids to appear. They're 17 or 18 with criminal ambition, and they've got a sense of identity of what they want to do.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/italy-young-people-i-bambini-del-diavolo-mafia-organised-crime-fashion-a8525416.html|title=How 12-year-old 'devils' are terrorising the streets of Naples|date=October 12, 2018|website=The Independent|access-date=March 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321165815/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/italy-young-people-i-bambini-del-diavolo-mafia-organised-crime-fashion-a8525416.html|archive-date=March 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
However, according to Peppe Misso, called ''’o nasone'', former boss of the Misso clan for over 40 years and now pentito, this young generation of criminals are managed by the "real" Camorra clans, shifting the public attention to these baby gangs while they do their business in silence. According to Misso, the real power of the organization is now in the hands of the Licciardi clan, Mallardo clan, Moccia clan and Contini clan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corrieredelmezzogiorno.corriere.it/napoli/cronaca/16_settembre_20/misso-napoli-baby-boss-manovrati-piu-potenti-famiglie-camorra-bc10a378-7efb-11e6-aab9-cdf65779fa46.shtml|title=Misso: a Napoli baby boss manovrati dalle più potenti famiglie di camorra|first=Fabio|last=Postiglione|date=20 September 2016|website=Corriere della Sera}}</ref>
On 2 September 2018, Ciro Mazzarella, one of the last historical godfathers of the Camorra, and head of the Mazzarella clan, died in his villa in the affluent neighbourhood of Posillipo, Naples, at the age of 78.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stylo24.it/cronaca/ciro-mazzarella-morto-boss-camorra-napoli-contrabbando-sigarette/|title=E' morto Ciro Mazzarella, l'ultimo contrabbandiere di Santa Lucia|date=3 September 2018|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327145032/https://www.stylo24.it/cronaca/ciro-mazzarella-morto-boss-camorra-napoli-contrabbando-sigarette/|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
According to reports, in 2019, after the arrest of Marco Di Lauro, leader of the Di Lauro clan and fourth son of Paolo Di Lauro, the Contini clan became the most powerful clan of the Camorra, thanks to no internal split, and not having affiliates that became collaborators of justice. The clan is present in the drugs trafficking, extortion, betting and counterfeiting, also investing hundreds of millions of euros in various countries of Europe.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://napoli.fanpage.it/camorra-dopo-larresto-di-marco-di-lauro-i-contini-sono-il-clan-piu-potente-di-napoli |title=Camorra, dopo l'arresto di Marco Di Lauro i Contini sono il clan più potente di Napoli |newspaper=Fanpage.it |language=it |date=5 March 2019 |access-date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321162714/https://napoli.fanpage.it/camorra-dopo-larresto-di-marco-di-lauro-i-contini-sono-il-clan-piu-potente-di-napoli/ |archive-date=21 March 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
On 23 April 2019, the powerful boss Mario Fabbrocino, leader of the Fabbrocino clan, died in the hospital of the Parma prison, where he was serving a life sentence for ordering the murder of Roberto Cutolo, Raffaele Cutolo's only son, in 1990.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/camorra_morto_fabbrocino_boss_mondi-4447395.html |title=Camorra: morto Fabbrocino, il boss rivale storico di Cutolo |date=23 April 2019 |website=Il Mattino |access-date=23 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423191728/https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/camorra_morto_fabbrocino_boss_mondi-4447395.html |archive-date=23 April 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was known as the ''boss dei due mondi'' (boss of two worlds) due to his drug trafficking connections in South America.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gazzettadiparma.it/news/parma/584785/morto-a-parma-mario-fabbrocino-il-boss-dei-due-mondi-rivale-storico-di-cutolo.html|title=Morto a Parma Mario Fabbrocino, il boss dei due mondi, rivale storico di Cutolo|website=www.gazzettadiparma.it|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423222836/https://www.gazzettadiparma.it/news/parma/584785/morto-a-parma-mario-fabbrocino-il-boss-dei-due-mondi-rivale-storico-di-cutolo.html|archive-date=23 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Since 26 June 2019, Maria Licciardi was considered the most wanted fugitive belonging to the Camorra, after she managed to escape the huge police operation against her clan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/caccia-aperta-a-maria-licciardi-a-piccerell-avvisata-prima-della-fugatiene-tutto-in-mano-lei/|title=Caccia aperta a Maria Licciardi, 'a piccerell avvisata prima della fuga:"Tiene tutto in mano lei"|date=28 June 2019|publisher=InterNapoli.it|access-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629040432/https://internapoli.it/caccia-aperta-a-maria-licciardi-a-piccerell-avvisata-prima-della-fugatiene-tutto-in-mano-lei/|archive-date=29 June 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, on 12 July 2019, the Court of Naples annulled the preventive detention against Licciardi, sharing the legal questions raised by her lawyer, Dario Vannetiello.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stylo24.it/cronaca/maria-licciardi-libera-ordinanza/|title=Annullata l'ordinanza di custodia cautelare, Maria Licciardi è libera|date=12 July 2019|publisher=Stylo24.it|access-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713042445/https://www.stylo24.it/cronaca/maria-licciardi-libera-ordinanza/|archive-date=13 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was arrested again at Rome's Ciampino airport by Carabinieri on the orders of Naples prosecutors, alleged to have been running extortion rackets as head of the Licciardi Camorra clan, on 7 August 2021 when attempting to travel to Spain.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Reputed mafia 'godmother' arrested at Rome airport |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Guardian |date=7 August 2021 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/07/reputed-mafia-godmother-luciana-licciardi-arrested-at-rome-airport}}</ref> On 11 July 2019, Anna Terracciano, known as ''‘a Masculona'', boss of the Terracciano clan, died after suffering from an unknown illness. Terraciano had taken control of the clan after the death of her brother Salvatore, known as ''‘o Nirone'', in 2016. She has always been very feared and respected for her impetuous nature. According to the media, she is the figure that has well represented the image of the women inside the Camorra, the female symbol of leadership when men are detained or dead.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vocedinapoli.it/2019/07/11/e-morta-anna-terraciano-la-donna-boss-dei-quartieri-spagnoli|title=È morta Anna Terraciano, la donna-boss dei Quartieri Spagnoli|date=11 July 2019|publisher=Vocedinapoli.it|access-date=11 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711174918/https://www.vocedinapoli.it/2019/07/11/e-morta-anna-terraciano-la-donna-boss-dei-quartieri-spagnoli/|archive-date=11 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
According to the reports of the DIA about the Camorra, the Mazzarella clan, despite the bloody war against the Rinaldi clan, is still one of the most powerful organizations in Campania, dominating the territory in various neighbourhoods, and having numerous groups under their influence, as the Ferraiuolo clan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.campaniacrimenews.com/2019/07/camorra-la-relazione-della-dia-sui-clan-di-napoli-i-mazzarella-su-mezza-citta-ecco-chi-comanda-quartiere-per-quartiere/|title=Camorra, la relazione della Dia sui clan di Napoli: i Mazzarella su mezza città. Ecco chi comanda quartiere per quartiere|date=19 July 2019|publisher=campaniacrimenews.com|access-date=19 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719195006/https://www.campaniacrimenews.com/2019/07/camorra-la-relazione-della-dia-sui-clan-di-napoli-i-mazzarella-su-mezza-citta-ecco-chi-comanda-quartiere-per-quartiere/|archive-date=19 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
After a time inactive, the De Luca Bossa clan is believed to be gaining power again in the eastern area of Naples, specifically in Ponticelli, thanks to the merger with emergent groups as the Minichini and Schisa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.napolitan.it/2019/07/23/89944/relazione-dia/|title=Camorra, La Relazione Della Dia: Il Punto Della Situazione a Ponticelli-Barra-San Giovanni|date=23 July 2019|publisher=napolitan.it|access-date=23 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723152121/https://www.napolitan.it/2019/07/23/89944/relazione-dia/|archive-date=23 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> The clan was founded by Antonio De Luca Bossa, known as ''‘O sicco'', in the 1990s, and was famous for the bloody war against the once powerful Sarno clan. In 1998, ''‘O sicco'' made the first attack with a car bomb in the Camorra's history, killing Luigi Amitrano, the nephew of the boss Vincenzo Sarno, the real target of the ambush.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.napolitan.it/2018/09/10/81455/luigi-amitrano/|title=Camorra Ponticelli: Alleanza Schiza-De Luca Bossa, Come Se "Tonino 'O Sicco" Non Avesse Mai Ucciso Luigi Amitrano|website=napolitan.it|access-date=3 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903190007/https://www.napolitan.it/2018/09/10/81455/luigi-amitrano/|archive-date=3 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Antonio's father was a member of the Nuova Camorra Organizzata, and died from natural causes in 2008 after 18 years in jail.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/camorra-di-ponticelli-una-famiglia-segnata-dalla-vendetta-la-storia-dei-minichini-de-luca-bossa/|title=Camorra di Ponticelli. Una famiglia 'segnata' dalla vendetta: la storia dei Minichini-De Luca Bossa|last=Di Bitonto|first=Stefano|date=24 January 2019|website=InterNapoli.it|language=it-IT|access-date=17 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210022953/https://internapoli.it/camorra-di-ponticelli-una-famiglia-segnata-dalla-vendetta-la-storia-dei-minichini-de-luca-bossa/|archive-date=10 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 11 September 2019, Antonino Di Lorenzo, known as ''o' lignammone'', was killed in an ambush near his house in Casola di Napoli.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2019/09/11/camorra-53enne-ucciso-in-un-agguato_f34f768a-8d0c-44d0-81cb-f5c950b86fc7.html|title=Camorra: 53enne ucciso in un agguato - Ultima Ora|date=11 September 2019|website=Agenzia ANSA|language=it|access-date=12 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912021222/http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2019/09/11/camorra-53enne-ucciso-in-un-agguato_f34f768a-8d0c-44d0-81cb-f5c950b86fc7.html|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Di Lorenzo was a notorious drug trafficker, dubbed by the media 'the king of drug trafficking in the Monti Lattari region'.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Federico |first=Rosaria |date=11 September 2019 |title=Agguato di camorra a Casola: ucciso il re dei narcos dei Lattari: Antonino Di Lorenzo o' lignammone |url=https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2019/09/agguato-di-camorra-a-casola-ucciso-il-re-dei-narcos-dei-lattari-antonino-di-lorenzo-o-lignammone/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914054054/https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2019/09/agguato-di-camorra-a-casola-ucciso-il-re-dei-narcos-dei-lattari-antonino-di-lorenzo-o-lignammone/ |archive-date=14 September 2019 |access-date=12 September 2019 |website=Cronache della Campania |language=it-IT}}</ref> According to the Direzione Investigativa Antimafia, he was specialized in the industrial production of marijuana, flooding the illegal drug market, supplying market squares from Castellammare di Stabia to Sorrento<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/antonino-di-lorenzo-boss-camorra/|title=Agguato di camorra in provincia di Napoli, boss ucciso davanti casa dai killer|date=11 September 2019|website=InterNapoli.it|language=it-IT|access-date=12 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921170305/https://internapoli.it/antonino-di-lorenzo-boss-camorra/|archive-date=21 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> and in recent years was at the center of numerous investigations about drug trafficking.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.positanonews.it/2019/09/monti-lattari-ucciso-un-agguato-lorenzo-boss-dei-narcos/3329290/|title=Monti Lattari, ucciso in un agguato Di Lorenzo il boss dei narcos - positanonews.it|date=12 September 2019|website=Positanonews|language=it|access-date=12 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914165628/https://www.positanonews.it/2019/09/monti-lattari-ucciso-un-agguato-lorenzo-boss-dei-narcos/3329290/|archive-date=14 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> His murder is believed to be connected with the feud for control of vast marijuana plantations in the mountainous area of Monti Lattari. Yet, according to the investigations, the killing happened thanks to the 'permission' of the clans from Castellammare di Stabia, who have always supervised the immensely lucrative marijuana trade from the region.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2019/09/la-faida-per-la-gestione-delle-piantagioni-di-marijuana-dietro-lomicidio-del-boss/|title=La faida per la gestione delle piantagioni di marijuana dietro l'omicidio del boss|date=12 September 2019|website=Cronache della Campania|language=it-IT|access-date=12 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914020508/https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2019/09/la-faida-per-la-gestione-delle-piantagioni-di-marijuana-dietro-lomicidio-del-boss/|archive-date=14 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 30 October 2019, the release of two affiliates belonging to the Beneduce-Longobardi clan made the media headlines after they were received with a huge party in the neighborhood of Monterusciello, Pozzuoli. Giovanni Illiano, 48, and Silvio De Luca, 41, were released after 8 years and 10 years in prison, respectively. More than a hundred of relatives and friends were waiting for them for a party with champagne, flashing nightclub lights, a large fireworks display and a concert of Anthony, a well known neomelodic singer of the area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adnkronos.com/fatti/cronaca/2019/11/03/camorristi-scarcerati-festa-piazza-con-cantanti-neomelodici_OfusIwiPi3MRna6TMFxPfJ.html|title=Camorristi scarcerati, festa di piazza con cantanti neomelodici|website=Adnkronos|access-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105171342/https://www.adnkronos.com/fatti/cronaca/2019/11/03/camorristi-scarcerati-festa-piazza-con-cantanti-neomelodici_OfusIwiPi3MRna6TMFxPfJ.html|archive-date=5 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The fact, documented with photos and videos sent through social networks, caused outrage in the population, and is being investigated by the Italian Police, as it was not authorized by the Municipality of Pozzuoli or by the police.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2019/11/02/5dbddfe9fdddff352f8b4581.html|title=Un barrio de Nápoles celebra la salida de prisión de dos mafiosos con fuegos artificiales y una fiesta con discoteca y champán|date=2 November 2019|website=El Mundo|language=es|access-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105171338/https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2019/11/02/5dbddfe9fdddff352f8b4581.html|archive-date=5 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/naples-feux-d-artifice-et-fiesta-pour-la-sortie-de-prison-de-deux-mafieux-03-11-2019-8185227.php|title=Naples : feux d'artifice et fiesta pour la sortie de prison de deux mafieux|date=2 November 2019|website=leparisien.fr|language=fr-FR|access-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105171338/http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/naples-feux-d-artifice-et-fiesta-pour-la-sortie-de-prison-de-deux-mafieux-03-11-2019-8185227.php|archive-date=5 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 21 November 2019, Feliciano Mallardo, brother of Giuseppe and Francesco Mallardo, was found dead inside his car. According to the investigations, he would have suffered a heart attack.<ref name="vocedinapoli.it">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vocedinapoli.it/2019/11/21/e-morto-feliciano-mallardo-un-infarto-ha-stroncato-il-boss-di-camorra/|title=Trovato senza vita nella sua auto, è morto il boss Feliciano Mallardo|date=21 November 2019|website=Voce di Napoli|language=it-IT|access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref> Feliciano, who had taken the reins of the Mallardo clan after his brothers ended up in jail, was known as ‘''o Sfregiato.''<ref name="vocedinapoli.it"/>
According to numerous 2019 reports, the most powerful clans of the Camorra are the Secondigliano Alliance and the Mazzarella clan. Both clans remain with full dominance of their territories while most of city experiences the growth of small and violent gangs headed by young guys between 17 and 25 years old.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/alleanza-di-secondigliano-e-mazzarella-i-clan-piu-attenzionati-parla-il-capo-della-procura/|title="Alleanza di Secondigliano e Mazzarella i clan più attenzionati", parla il Capo della Procura|date=25 October 2019|website=InterNapoli.it|language=it-IT|access-date=3 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203194153/https://internapoli.it/alleanza-di-secondigliano-e-mazzarella-i-clan-piu-attenzionati-parla-il-capo-della-procura/|archive-date=3 December 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/11/25/eps/1574696846_149227.html|title=Reportaje {{!}} Balas perdidas de Nápoles, los jóvenes que luchan por el poder mafioso|last=Verdú|first=Daniel|date=1 December 2019|work=El País|access-date=3 December 2019|language=es|issn=1134-6582|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203195525/https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/11/25/eps/1574696846_149227.html|archive-date=3 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In May 2020, Patrizio Bosti, one of the most powerful Camorra bosses who is still alive and one of the leaders of the Secondigliano Alliance, was released from prison. Bosti also claimed inhumane treatment while in prison, and will be compensated by the Italian state. The Camorra boss, that was serving a prison sentence since his arrest in Spain in 2008, should have been released from prison in 2023, however he was charged for three years and the halfway between early release and the time calculated as credit for the "inhuman treatment".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Libero Patrizio Bosti: il boss di camorra scarcerato in anticipo e con risarcimento|url=https://napoli.fanpage.it/libero-patrizio-bosti-il-boss-di-camorra-scarcerato-in-anticipo-e-con-risarcimento/|website=Napoli Fanpage|date=14 May 2020 |language=it|access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="Trattamento inumano": il boss Patrizio Bosti torna a casa a Napoli con un risarcimento danni|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/boss_patrizio_bosti_scarcerato_napoli_vasto_alleanza_di_secondigliano-5225978.html|website=www.ilmattino.it|date=13 May 2020|language=it|access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref> On May 16, 2020, Bosti was rearrested. The new prison order concerns a recalculation of the sentence by the Emilia-Romagna judiciary, as he was serving his sentence in the region, on the basis of documents provided by the Naples Public Prosecutor. According to the authorities, Bosti has to serve another six years in jail.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Camorra: torna in cella il boss Patrizio Bosti, era stato scarcerato e risarcito per trattamento inumano|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/patrizio_bosti_boss_carcere-5231857.html|website=www.ilmattino.it|date=16 May 2020|language=it|access-date=2020-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Camorra: arrestato Patrizio Bosti, capo Alleanza di Secondigliano|url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Camorra-arrestato-Patrizio-Bosti-capo-Allenza-di-Secondigliano-Napoli-pena-residua-e1932d19-5138-4832-acdf-e7e2e0aa8ae8.html|website=rainews|date=16 May 2020 |language=it|access-date=2020-05-16}}</ref>
In June 2022, the notorious Camorra boss Cosimo Di Lauro died in prison. Di Lauro was considered an icon of the Camorra, a ruthless criminal who has become a role model for young people for his look and the storytelling about him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chi era Cosimo Di Lauro |url=https://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/cosimo-di-lauro-storia.html |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=NapoliToday |language=it}}</ref>
On April 3, 2026, Camorra leader Roberto Mazzarella, who served as the most recent head of the Mazzarella clan, was arrested at a luxury resort in Vietri sul Mare on a murder charge.<ref name=headofmazzerellaclanuntilapril2026>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/apr/04/fugitive-mafia-boss-wanted-arrested-roberto-mazzarella|title=Fugitive mafia boss wanted for murder arrested at Amalfi coast luxury villa|publisher=The Guardian|date=April 4, 2026|accessdate=April 5, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/04/04/camorra-boss-roberto-mazzarella-caught-in-luxury-resort-on-amalfi-coast|title=Camorra boss Roberto Mazzarella caught in luxury resort on Amalfi coast|first=Gabriele|last=Barbati|publisher=EuroNews|date=4 April 2026|accessdate=5 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn437qkk80lo|title=Fugitive mafia boss wanted for murder arrested in Amalfi Coast luxury villa|first=Michael Shiels|last=McNamee|publisher=BBC News|date=4 April 2026|accessdate=5 April 2026}}</ref>
==In popular culture == {{More citations needed|date=March 2014}} * ''Camorra'' is a 1972 film, directed by Pasquale Squitieri and starring Fabio Testi and Jean Seberg. * ''The Professor'' (1986), directed by Giuseppe Tornatore. Vaguely inspired by the real story of NCO boss, Raffaele Cutolo. Cutolo is played by Ben Gazzara, with the Italian voiceover done by Italian actor Mariano Rigillo. * Roberto Saviano's 2006 book ''Gomorra'' investigates the activities of the Camorra in Italy, especially in the Provinces of Naples and Caserta. Matteo Garrone adapted the book into a 2008 film, ''Gomorra'', describing low-level Camorra foot-soldiers, and in 2014 into a TV series of the same name. * The 2009 film ''Fortapàsc'' (English: ''Fort Apache Napoli'') directed by Marco Risi about the brief life and death of journalist Giancarlo Siani, murdered by ''camorrisiti'' from the Nuvoletta clan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=la Repubblica/cronaca: Camorra, arrestato l'assassino del giornalista Siani |url=http://www.repubblica.it/online/cronaca/siani/siani/siani.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204427/http://www.repubblica.it/online/cronaca/siani/siani/siani.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=live |website=la Repubblica |access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref> * Three episodes of Season five of ''Law & Order: Organized Crime'' deal with a fictional Camorra clan.
==See also== {{Portal|Italy}} * Banda della Magliana * Castel Volturno massacre * List of Camorra clans * List of members of the Camorra * Sacra Corona Unita
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
===Sources=== * Albanese, Jay S., Dilip K. Das & Arvind Verma (eds.) (2003). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SXcuAQAAIAAJ Organized Crime: World Perspectives]''. Prentice-Hall. {{ISBN|9780130481993}}. * {{in lang|es}} Arsenal, León & Hipólito Sanchiz (2006). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=b199DwAAQBAJ Una historia de las sociedades secretas españolas]'', Barcelona: Planeta, {{ISBN|978-84-08-06344-5}} (2017 edition) * {{cite book |last= Behan |first= Tom |date= 1996|title= The Camorra |publisher=Routledge |isbn= 978-1138006737 |author-link=Tom Behan }} * Dickie, John (2011). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=c7v3UWkI8LEC Mafia Brotherhoods: The Rise of the Italian Mafias]'', London: Sceptre, {{ISBN|978-1-444-73430-0}} * Dickie, John (2014). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=D9TbAgAAQBAJ Blood Brotherhoods: Italy and the Rise of Three Mafias]'', New York: PublicAffairs, {{ISBN|978-1-61039-428-4}} * Selvaggio Maria Pia (3 febbraio, 2018) "Le Padrone di casa", Campania, Edizioni 2000diciassette, isbn 978-8894306521 * {{in lang|it}} Di Fiore, Gigi (1993). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xmxoTqJUkL8C Potere camorrista: quattro secoli di malanapoli]'', Naples: Guida Editori, {{ISBN|88-7188-084-6}} * {{in lang|it}} Fiore, Antonio (2019). ''[http://www.fedoa.unina.it/12347/1/Fiore.Camorra%20e%20polizia%20nella%20Napoli%20borbonica.pdf Camorra e polizia nella Napoli borbonica (1840-1860)]'', Naples: FedOAPress, {{ISBN|978-88-6887-061-4}} * Liddick, Donald R. (2004). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ef_VT6zouWcC The Global Underworld: Transnational Crime and the United States]''. Westport (Connecticut): Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, {{ISBN|0-275-98074-X}} * Jacquemet, Marco (1996). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=frRpjF9qXR4C Credibility in Court: Communicative Practices in the Camorra Trials]''. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-55251-6}}. * {{in lang|it}} Paliotti, Vittorio (2006). ''Storia della Camorra'', Rome: Newton Compton editore, {{ISBN|88-541-0713-1}} * Richards James R. (1998). ''[https://archive.org/details/Transnational_Criminal_Organizations_Cybercrime_Money_Laundering_Law_Enforcement Transnational Criminal Organizations, Cybercrime, and Money Laundering: A Handbook for Law Enforcement Officers, Auditors, and Financial Investigators]'', Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-8493-2806-3}}. * Sales, Isaia (1993). ''La camorra, le camorre''. Rome: Editori Riuniti. {{ISBN|88-359-3710-8}}. {{in lang|it}}
==Further reading== * Mooney, John A. (1891). [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044105191019;view=1up;seq=753 "The Two Sicilies and the Camorra"]. ''The American Catholic Quarterly Review''. Vol. XVI, pp. 723–748. * Train, Arthur (1911). "An American Lawyer at the Camorra Trial". ''McClure's Magazine,''. Vol. XXXVIII, pp. 71–82. * Wolffsohn, L. (1891). [https://archive.org/stream/contemporaryrev25unkngoog#page/n688/mode/2up "Italian Secret Societies"]. ''The Contemporary Review''. Vol. LIX, pp. 691–696.
==External links== {{Commons category}} {{EB1911 poster|Camorra}}
* [http://www.nazioneindiana.com/2006/08/27/articoli-di-roberto-saviano/ Articles by Roberto Saviano] published on Nazione Indiana {{in lang|it}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-JFshvSryw "Drug, feuds and blood in the land of the Camorra" – SCAMPIA 24] Video-documentary of the newspaper ''Il Mattino''
{{Camorra}} {{Organized crime groups in Europe}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Camorra Category:Campania Category:17th-century establishments in the Kingdom of Naples Category:Italian Mafia Category:Organised crime groups in Italy Category:Secret societies related to organized crime Category:Transnational organized crime Category:Organised crime groups in France Category:Organised crime groups in the Netherlands Category:Organized crime groups in Peru Category:Organized crime groups in Romania Category:Organised crime groups in Spain Category:Organized crime groups in Switzerland