{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Short description|Written work arranged in a way that creates a visual image}} {{About|the type of artwork|the collection of poems by Guillaume Apollinaire|Calligrammes|"Calligrams", the NYRB book series on China|New York Review Books}} [[File:Calligramme.svg|thumb|Calligram in French by Guillaume Apollinaire describing and visually representing his lover. Parts of the face's image (such as the hat, eye, nose, mouth, neck) each use words associated specifically with that part.]]
A '''calligram''' is a set of words arranged in such a way that it forms a thematically related image. It can be a poem, a phrase, a portion of scripture, or a single word; the visual arrangement can rely on certain use of the typeface, calligraphy or handwriting, for instance along non-parallel and curved text lines, or in shaped paragraphs. The image created by the words illustrates the text by expressing visually what it says, or something closely associated; it can also, on purpose, show something contradictory with the text or otherwise be misleading, or can contribute additional thoughts and meanings to the text.
==Writers== Guillaume Apollinaire was a famous calligram writer and author of a book of poems called ''Calligrammes''.
José Juan Tablada wrote a book of Spanish-language calligrams entitled Li-Po y otros poemas<ref>{{Cite web |title=Li-Po y otros poemas |url=http://www.tablada.unam.mx/poesia/lipo/index.htm |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=www.tablada.unam.mx}}</ref>''.''
== Gallery == <gallery> File:Shiite Calligraphy symbolising Ali as Tiger of God.svg|Calligram of a tiger in Arabic script File:Ioane sineli, klemaqsi (snake).svg|Calligram of a snake in Georgian script File:Guillaume Apollinaire Calligramme.JPG|Calligram about the Eiffel Tower by Guillaume Apollinaire File:El Cal·ligrama més gran del món (26517405610).jpg|Large calligram at the Valencian Museum of Ethnology File:OperaIntera.jpg|"Biblical Cosmography", large calligram of the Bible in Latin by Gianluca Bosi File:عظیم فلاح.jpg|A calligrapher at work on a school wall </gallery>
==See also== *Ambigram *Concrete poetry *Islamic calligraphy *Micrography *Visual poetry
==References== === Citations === {{Reflist}}
=== Sources === *{{cite book|last=Deme|first=Zoltan|chapter=Poem-miniatures|title=Chords of Scales: Selected Fictions, Essays, and Studies|publisher=Universe Pub|location= Warwick Township, N.Y |year=1995 |lccn=2003278749 |isbn=9635500726 |chapter-url=https://www.zoltandemmeworks.net/eng/Poem-poems-one-word-poem-miniature.html#maincolumn_full}} *{{cite book|last=Kajima|first=Shōzō|title=Post-War Japanese Poetry|location= Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin Books|year=1972|oclc=622904|isbn=0140421459}} (with many Japanese calligrams) *{{cite book|first=Sonja A.J.|last=Neef|title=Kalligramme: Zur Medialität Einer Schrift : Anhand Von Paul Van Ostaijens De Feesten Van Angst En Pijn|location=Amsterdam|publisher=ASCA Press|year=2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AgFpRlht8ykC|language=de|isbn=90-76123-04-7}}
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Category:Calligraphy Category:Graphic poetry
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