Bust of York

{{Short description|Sculpture in Portland, Oregon, U.S.}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}} {{Infobox artwork | title = Bust of York | italic title = no | other_language_1 = | other_title_1 = | other_language_2 = | other_title_2 = | wikidata = | image = Bust of York, Mount Tabor, 2021 8.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = The bust in February 2021 | artist = Todd McGrain<ref name=Todd/> | year = {{start date|2021}} | completion_date =  | catalogue = | medium = Wood and urethane sculpture | movement = | subject = York | height_metric =  | width_metric = | length_metric = | diameter_metric = | height_imperial =  | width_imperial = | length_imperial = | diameter_imperial = | dimensions = | dimensions_ref = | metric_unit = cm  | imperial_unit = in  | weight = | designation = | condition = | museum = | city = Portland, Oregon, U.S. | coordinates = {{Coord|45|30|41.7|N|122|35|32.6|W|type:landmark_region:US-OR|display=inline,title}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 13 | owner = | accession = | preceded_by =  | followed_by =  | module = | website =  }} A {{convert|4|ft|m|adj=on|spell=in}} bust of York, the only African American on the Lewis and Clark Expedition, was installed in Portland, Oregon's Mount Tabor Park, in the United States, from February to July 2021. The artist stayed anonymous at first,<ref name=Cite/> but after the bust was removed he revealed himself as Todd McGrain.<ref name=Todd>{{cite news |title=Sculptor of Mount Tabor's York Bust Reveals His Identity. Todd McGrain is offering to sculpt a permanent bronze bust of York for the site as a donation |newspaper=Willamette Week |date=August 31, 2021 |first=Aaron |last=Mesh |url=https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/08/31/sculptor-of-mount-tabors-york-bust-reveals-his-identity/ |access-date=September 1, 2021 |archive-date=September 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901131315/https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/08/31/sculptor-of-mount-tabors-york-bust-reveals-his-identity/ |url-status=live }}</ref> McGrain was a student of Darrell Millner, Portland State University professor of history and Black Studies.<ref name= Wing>{{cite news |last=Wing |first=Sage |date=September 30, 2020 |title=The York Statue and the value of public art |url=https://www.opb.org/article/2021/09/30/the-york-statue-and-the-value-of-public-art/ |url-status=live |work=OPB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201170446/https://www.opb.org/article/2021/09/30/the-york-statue-and-the-value-of-public-art/ |archive-date=February 1, 2022 |access-date=February 4, 2022 }}</ref><ref name=Racc/> The bust appeared on February 20, replacing the statue of Harvey W. Scott, which had been toppled on October 20, 2020. McGrain did not seek city permission to install the bust,<ref name="Rogoway">{{cite news |last1=Rogoway |first1=Mike |title=Bust of York, member of Lewis and Clark expedition, appears in place of Harvey Scott statue on Mount Tabor |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2021/02/bust-of-york-member-of-lewis-and-clark-expedition-appears-in-place-of-harvey-scott-statue-on-mount-tabor.html |access-date=February 23, 2021 |newspaper=The Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) |date=February 20, 2021 |archive-date=February 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221003922/https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2021/02/bust-of-york-member-of-lewis-and-clark-expedition-appears-in-place-of-harvey-scott-statue-on-mount-tabor.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Yuhas">{{cite news |last1=Yuhas |first1=Alan |title=Portland Welcomes Monument (Origin Unknown) to Black Man Who Reached Pacific in 1805 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/22/us/york-portland-lewis-clark.html |access-date=February 23, 2021 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 22, 2021 |archive-date=February 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222224650/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/22/us/york-portland-lewis-clark.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Singer">{{cite news |last1=Singer |first1=Matthew |title=Someone Replaced the Toppled Harvey Scott Statue at Mount Tabor With a Monument to York, the Only Black Member of the Corps of Discovery |url=https://www.wweek.com/arts/visual-arts/2021/02/20/someone-replaced-the-toppled-harvey-scott-statue-at-mount-tabor-with-a-monument-to-york-the-only-black-member-of-the-corps-of-discovery/ |access-date=February 23, 2021 |work=Willamette Week |date=February 20, 2021 |archive-date=February 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221224639/https://www.wweek.com/arts/visual-arts/2021/02/20/someone-replaced-the-toppled-harvey-scott-statue-at-mount-tabor-with-a-monument-to-york-the-only-black-member-of-the-corps-of-discovery/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which McGrain expected to be temporary;<ref name="Todd"/> on June 11 the city announced that it would remove the bust.<ref name="Bust Coming Down">{{cite news |last=Foden-Vencil |first=Kristian |date=June 11, 2021 |title=Portland official says controversial bust of York at Mount Tabor Park will be coming down |url=https://www.opb.org/article/2021/06/11/portland-mount-tabor-york-bust-vandalism/ |url-status=live |work=OPB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025214222/https://www.opb.org/article/2021/06/11/portland-mount-tabor-york-bust-vandalism/ |archive-date=October 25, 2021 |access-date=February 4, 2022 }} </ref>

On July 28, vandals tore down and seriously damaged the sculpture. Portland Parks and Recreation removed it,<ref name=Foden>{{Cite news |date=July 28, 2021 |url=https://www.opb.org/article/2021/07/28/portland-york-art-mt-tabor-racism/ |first=Kristian |last=Foden-Vencil |title=Bust of York toppled in Portland's Mount Tabor Park |newspaper=Oregon Public Broadcasting |access-date=July 29, 2021 |archive-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819141201/https://www.opb.org/article/2021/07/28/portland-york-art-mt-tabor-racism/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Atop>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/07/28/york-statue-atop-mount-tabor-toppled-and-partly-shattered/ |title=York Statue Atop Mount Tabor Toppled and Partly Shattered |newspaper=Willamette Week (Portland, Oregon) |access-date=2021-07-28 |archive-date=2021-07-28 |date=July 28, 2021 |first=Sophie |last=Peel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728155020/https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/07/28/york-statue-atop-mount-tabor-toppled-and-partly-shattered/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Zane>{{Cite news |url=https://pamplinmedia.com/pt/9-news/516849-413008-portlands-york-statue-toppled-amid-intimidating-vandalism |title=Portland's York statue toppled amid 'intimidating' vandalism |first=Zane |last=Sparling |newspaper=Portland Tribune (Portland, Oregon) |date=July 28, 2021 |access-date=2021-07-29 |archive-date=2021-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729015916/https://pamplinmedia.com/pt/9-news/516849-413008-portlands-york-statue-toppled-amid-intimidating-vandalism |url-status=live}}</ref> and the Portland City Council released a statement condemning the vandalism.<ref name="Mesh">{{cite news |last=Mesh |first=Aaron |title=Portland City Council Decries Damage to Bust of York |date=July 30, 2021 |url=https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/07/30/portland-city-council-decries-damage-to-bust-of-york/ |url-status=live |work=Willamette Week |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731040357/https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/07/30/portland-city-council-decries-damage-to-bust-of-york/ |archive-date=July 31, 2021 |access-date=February 4, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Council Statement">{{cite web|title=Joint Council Statement on York Sculpture|url=https://www.portland.gov/rubio/news/2021/7/30/joint-council-statement-york-sculpture}}</ref> The paper serving as an interpretive plaque was torn into pieces.<ref name=Zane/><ref name=Atop/> No individual or group has claimed responsibility for the attack, but Patriot Front, a white supremacist organization that had recently vandalized numerous monuments to African Americans, was suspected. On July 25, three days earlier, the plinth had been defaced with a symbol associated with Patriot Front,<ref name=Kristi/> and a mural in Portland honoring George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Ahmaud Arbery had been defaced with their name.<ref name=Zane/>

After the toppling, signs of support for the bust and other tributes appeared at the site.<ref name=Wweek>{{cite news |url=https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/08/10/put-york-back-portlanders-leave-messages-where-a-broken-sculpture-stood/ |title='Put York Back': Portlanders Leave Messages Where a Broken Sculpture Stood |newspaper=Willamette Week (Portland, Oregon) |date=August 10, 2021 |first=Aaron |last=Mesh |access-date=August 10, 2021 |archive-date=August 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810193634/https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/08/10/put-york-back-portlanders-leave-messages-where-a-broken-sculpture-stood/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The artist offered to produce a bust of York in bronze, with no charge for his time and effort, although the casting would have to be paid for.<ref name=Todd/> As of September 4, 2021, no decision had been made regarding this offer, however, the city has announced plans to commission a permanent monument of York.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What's Happening with the City’s Monuments? {{!}} Portland.gov |url=https://www.portland.gov/arts/monuments/whats-happening-citys-monuments |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=www.portland.gov |language=en}}</ref>

As of May 2026, the Portland Art Museum has a [https://portlandartmuseum.org/event/todd-mcgrain-debut-of-york/ new bronze bust of York by McGrain], and has a [https://portlandstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6RytordN7U9DUl8?Q_CHL=qr community survey] for thoughts on where the monument should be placed for the long term.

==Background== [[File:Mt Tabor Harvey Scott Statue Toppled 02.jpg|thumb|Toppled statue of Harvey W. Scott]]

The bust of York was erected on a plinth which formerly held the statue of Harvey W. Scott, which was toppled and damaged on October 20, 2020. The statue's outstretched right arm broke off.<ref>{{cite news |title=Statue of Harvey Scott, former editor of The Oregonian, torn down in Mount Tabor |date=Oct 20, 2020 |first=Jim |last=Ryan |newspaper=The Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2020/10/harvey-scott-statue-atop-mount-tabor-torn-down.html |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021110029/https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2020/10/harvey-scott-statue-atop-mount-tabor-torn-down.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

That statue was by Gutzon Borglum, a prolific sculptor known for his design and initial sculpting of Mount Rushmore and the monument to the Confederacy at Stone Mountain; Borglum is controversial for his Klan involvement.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bernard|first=Diane|date=July 2, 2020|title=The creator of Mount Rushmore's forgotten ties to white supremacy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711014505/https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/07/03/mount-rushmore-gutzon-borglum-klan-stone-mountain/|archive-date=July 11, 2020|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/07/03/mount-rushmore-gutzon-borglum-klan-stone-mountain/|url-status=live|access-date=February 4, 2022}}</ref> Scott fought against Native Americans as a volunteer in the Puget Sound War. He was strongly opposed to women's suffrage and public high schools.

On October 11, 2020, the Indigenous Peoples Day of Rage, protesters also toppled statues of Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt, for their perceived hostility towards Native Americans.<ref>{{cite news |title=Portland protesters topple 2 statues of former presidents; Trump calls for arrests, federal intervention |date=Oct 12, 2020 |newspaper=The Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2020/10/portland-protesters-topple-2-statues-of-former-presidents-trump-calls-for-arrests-federal-intervention.html |first1=Jim |last1=Ryan |first2=Shane Dixon |last2=Kavanaugh |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=February 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221072055/https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2020/10/portland-protesters-topple-2-statues-of-former-presidents-trump-calls-for-arrests-federal-intervention.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Earlier in 2020, Portland statues of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were also toppled, because they owned enslaved people.<ref name=Zane/>

None of these statues will be re-erected. The Regional Arts & Culture Council in 2021 adopted a policy that allows removal of statues whose "subject or impact...is significantly at odds with values of antiracism, equity, inclusion." While no formal decision has been made (as of August 2021), it is presumed that all of these statues would fall in that category.<ref>{{cite news |title=Portland Protesters Tore Down Statues of Presidents. New Rules May Keep Them Mothballed |newspaper=Willamette Week (Portland, Oregon) |first=Aaron |last=Mesh |date=June 23, 2021 |url=https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/06/23/portland-protesters-tore-down-statues-of-presidents-new-rules-may-keep-them-mothballed/ |access-date=August 18, 2021 |archive-date=August 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801081916/https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/06/23/portland-protesters-tore-down-statues-of-presidents-new-rules-may-keep-them-mothballed/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Description== The bald head, looking down, was created by the artist. There is no contemporary image of York nor any description of him, except that he was a large man.

The bust was deliberately made of perishable materials: wood covered in urethane, which was then painted bronze. A sheet of paper resembling a plaque, attached to a sheet of plywood painted to resemble marble,<ref name=ww21/> had a printed message:

thumb|Printed message

{{blockquote|{{center|York}}

The first African American to cross North America and reach the Pacific Coast.

Born into slavery in the 1770s to the family of William Clark, York became a member of the 1804 Lewis and Clark Expedition. Though York was an enslaved laborer, he performed all the duties of a full member of the expedition. He was a skilled hunter, negotiated trade with Native American communities and tended to the sick. Upon his return east with the Corps of Discovery, York asked for his freedom. Clark refused his request.

The date and circumstances of his death are unclear.}}

==Reaction to the bust== Reaction to the bust has been "overwhelmingly positive".<ref>{{cite news |title='Overwhelmingly positive' – Portland reacts to York statue |first=Zane |last=Sparling |date=February 23, 2021 |url=https://pamplinmedia.com/pt/9-news/498964-400105-overwhelmingly-positive-portland-reacts-to-york-statue |newspaper=The Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=August 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801083408/https://pamplinmedia.com/pt/9-news/498964-400105-overwhelmingly-positive-portland-reacts-to-york-statue |url-status=live }}</ref> A newspaper described the reaction as "adoration".<ref name=ww21/> The bust became a destination.<ref name=Mesh0608/> Adena Long, director of Portland Parks & Recreation, described the artwork as "a complete surprise",<ref name=Singer/> "a happy surprise".<ref name=Zane/> City Parks Commissioner Carmen Rubio said in a press release: "We should regard this installation for both the important piece that it is, as well as a much-needed reminder to city leaders to hasten our work of rooting out white supremacy in our institutions—particularly our city government, where many processes exclude community participation and discourage engagement."<ref name=Singer/>

Prior to its destruction, the arts program manager for Portland had said the bust would remain on display until it deteriorated.<ref name="ww21">{{cite news | title=Here's What Could Happen to the Bust of York Atop Mount Tabor | newspaper=Willamette Week (Portland, Oregon) | date=June 16, 2021 | url=https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/06/16/heres-what-could-happen-to-the-bust-of-york-atop-mount-tabor/ | access-date=June 17, 2021 | archive-date=June 17, 2021 |first=Aaron |last=Mesh | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617020514/https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/06/16/heres-what-could-happen-to-the-bust-of-york-atop-mount-tabor/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bust of York, an enslaved Black member of the Lewis and Clark expedition, appears in Portland. York is described as 'the first African American to cross North America' |first=Marlene |last=Lenthang |date=February 23, 2021 |newspaper=ABCNews |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/bust-york-enslaved-black-member-lewis-clark-expedition/story?id=76062677 |access-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824134438/https://abcnews.go.com/US/bust-york-enslaved-black-member-lewis-clark-expedition/story?id=76062677 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Vandalism== thumb|The plinth in August 2021, following the toppling of the bust

The bust was vandalized three times before it was toppled.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://katu.com/news/local/bust-of-york-at-mt-tabor-park-damaged-for-the-third-time |title=Bust of York at Mt. Tabor Park damaged for the third time |date=July 28, 2021 |website=KATU |access-date=July 28, 2021 |archive-date=July 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728171243/https://katu.com/news/local/bust-of-york-at-mt-tabor-park-damaged-for-the-third-time |url-status=live}}</ref>

* In March, 2021, someone wrote "His Blood Is on Your Hands", "Land Back", and "Decolonize" with spray paint.<ref name=Mesh0608>{{cite news |title=Video Shows Woman Defacing Bust of York on Mount Tabor With Purple Spray Paint |newspaper=Willamette Week (Portland, Oregon) |date=June 8, 2021 |first=Aaron |last=Mesh |url=https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/06/08/video-shows-woman-defacing-bust-of-york-on-mount-tabor-with-purple-spray-paint/ |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=July 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707001619/https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/06/08/video-shows-woman-defacing-bust-of-york-on-mount-tabor-with-purple-spray-paint/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

* On June 8, 2021, a woman was filmed defacing the plinth with purple paint while shouting that the image of a white man should not be replaced with that of a black man. With the paint she wrote "love not hate", two female symbols, and an altered male symbol. She tore down the paper plaque. She "appears to say she considers herself the victim of racial discrimination by Black and Hispanic people."<ref name=Mesh0608/> She was charged by police with criminal mischief, abuse of venerated objects, unlawful applying of graffiti, and vandalism.<ref name=Atop/><ref name=Cite>{{cite news | title=Portland Police Cite Woman for Defacing York Bust on Mount Tabor | newspaper=Willamette Week (Portland, Oregon) | date=June 10, 2021 |first=Aaron |last=Mesh | url=https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2021/06/10/portland-police-cite-woman-for-defacing-york-bust-on-mount-tabor/ | access-date=June 13, 2021 | archive-date=June 12, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612034220/https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2021/06/10/portland-police-cite-woman-for-defacing-york-bust-on-mount-tabor/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=York statue defaced months after appearing on Mount Tabor; suspect issued citation |date=June 8, 2021 |first=Catalina |last=Gaitán |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2021/06/york-statue-defaced-months-after-appearing-on-mount-tabor.html |newspaper=The Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=June 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629060700/https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2021/06/york-statue-defaced-months-after-appearing-on-mount-tabor.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

* During the night of June 26–27, 2021, it was defaced with a red logo resembling a symbol used by the white supremacist group Patriot Front.<ref name=Kristi>{{cite news |title=York statue atop Mount Tabor defaced with hate symbol |date=Jun 27, 2021 |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2021/06/york-statue-atop-mount-tabor-defaced-with-hate-symbol.html |first=Kristi |last=Turnquist |newspaper=The Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=July 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729200459/https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2021/06/york-statue-atop-mount-tabor-defaced-with-hate-symbol.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to the city's arts program manager, the work is made of wood and urethane and "was always intended to be temporary". There have been discussions to replace with a bronze version.<ref name="Bust Coming Down"/>

In July 2021, the bust was toppled, then removed by city workers;<ref name="Foden"/> the director of Portland's park service said that staff would inspect the bust to see if it was salvageable.<ref name="Bust Coming Down"/> Portland City Council condemned the vandalism,<ref name="Mesh"/><ref name="Council Statement"/> and locals left signs and other tributes at the site following the toppling.<ref name=Wweek/>

== New bust at Portland Art Museum ==

==Media== {{see also|York (explorer)#Videos}} * Video of the bust, February 22, 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bust of York at Mt. Tabor Park mystifies Portland Parks & Rec|date=February 22, 2021|publisher=KATU|url=https://katu.com/news/local/bust-of-york-at-mt-tabor-park-mystifies-portland-parks-rec|access-date=August 20, 2021|archive-date=August 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820100133/https://katu.com/news/local/bust-of-york-at-mt-tabor-park-mystifies-portland-parks-rec|url-status=live}}</ref> * Interview with Oregon Historical Society executive director Kerry Tymchuk, February 22, 2021.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=KGW|first=Jon|last=Goodwin|date=February 22, 2021|url=https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/portland-bust-of-york-mount-tabor-park/283-e385b0dd-8f07-43b5-b20d-47a132cf55d1|title=Bust of York, from Lewis and Clark expedition, now sits at Portland's Mount Tabor Park|access-date=August 20, 2021|archive-date=August 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820095458/https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/portland-bust-of-york-mount-tabor-park/283-e385b0dd-8f07-43b5-b20d-47a132cf55d1|url-status=live}}</ref> * ''Searching for York'', documentary, Oregon Public Broadcasting, February 27, 2021. Darrell Millner, Quintard Taylor, and James Hollbrook participate.<ref>{{citation |title=Searching for York |publisher=Oregon Public Broadcasting |date=February 27, 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-s9CzF3kAI |via=YouTube |access-date=August 20, 2021 |archive-date=August 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827234510/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-s9CzF3kAI |url-status=live }}</ref> * Jeanette K. Grode spraying paint on the pedestal, June 9, 2021<ref>{{cite news|title=Woman cited for vandalizing bust of York on Mount Tabor|publisher=KGW|date=June 9, 2021|access-date=August 20, 2021|url=https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/bust-of-york-on-mount-tabor-vandalized/283-f6b32111-94f2-4d84-9487-e48ad13c3613|archive-date=June 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612015725/https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/bust-of-york-on-mount-tabor-vandalized/283-f6b32111-94f2-4d84-9487-e48ad13c3613|url-status=live}}</ref> * "What Kind of Public Art Do We Want Now?" A conversation with PSU Professor and York historian Darrell Millner, the unidentified York artist, and Kristin Calhoun, Director of Public Art, Regional Arts & Culture Council, August 19, 2021. A transcript is available.<ref name=Racc>{{cite web |title='What Kind of Public Art Do We Want Now?' A conversation with PSU Professor and York historian Darrell Millner, the unidentified York artist, and Kristin Calhoun, Director of Public Art, Regional Arts & Culture Council |publisher=Regional Arts and Culture Council, Portland, Oregon |date=August 19, 2021 |url=https://racc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/York-transcript.pdf |access-date=August 26, 2021 |archive-date=August 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821013520/https://racc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/York-transcript.pdf |url-status=live }} *{{cite AV media |title=What Kind of Public Art Do We Want Now? |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2sW4AipaZg |publisher=RegionalArts |via=YouTube}}</ref>

==See also== {{Portal|Oregon|Visual arts}} * 2021 in art

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *{{Commons category-inline}}

Category:2021 disestablishments in Oregon Category:2021 establishments in Oregon Category:2021 sculptures Category:Busts in Oregon Category:Destroyed sculptures Category:February 2021 in the United States Category:Guerrilla art and hacking art Category:July 2021 Category:Lewis and Clark Expedition Category:Monuments and memorials in Portland, Oregon Category:Mount Tabor, Portland, Oregon Category:Outdoor sculptures in Southeast Portland, Oregon Category:Sculptures of African-American people Category:Sculptures of men in Oregon Category:Vandalized works of art in Portland, Oregon Category:Wooden sculptures in Oregon