Buddy film

{{Short description|Film genre in which two people of the same sex are non-romantically paired}} {{about|the film genre|films named "Buddy"|Buddy (disambiguation)#Film and television}} [[File:Laurel & Hardy in Flying Deuces 1 edited.png|thumbnail|right|Laurel and Hardy in the 1939 film ''The Flying Deuces''. Laurel and Hardy were one of the first pairings, appearing in buddy films from the 1930s onward.]] The '''buddy film''' is a subgenre of adventure and comedy film in which two people go on an adventure, mission, or road trip. The two typically are males with contrasting personalities. The contrast is sometimes accentuated by an ethnic difference between the two. The buddy film is commonplace in Western cinema; unlike some other film genres, it endured through the 20th century with different pairings and different themes.

==Male–male relationships== {{anchor|Male-male relationships}}

A buddy film portrays the pairing of two people, often the same sex, frequently men. A friendship between the two people is the key relationship in a buddy film. The two people often come from different backgrounds or have different personalities, and they tend to misunderstand one another. Through the events of the buddy film, they gain a stronger friendship and mutual respect. Buddy films often deal with crises of masculinity. ''American Masculinities: A Historical Encyclopedia'' explains, "[Buddy films] offer male movie-going audiences an opportunity to indulge in a form of male bonding and behavior usually discouraged by social constraints."<ref name="carroll">{{cite book | editor-last=Carroll | editor-first=Bret E. | year=2003 | title=American Masculinities: A Historical Encyclopedia | publisher=SAGE Publications | isbn=978-0-7619-2540-8 | pages=73–75 }}</ref> Ira Konigsberg wrote in ''The Complete Film Dictionary'', "Such films extol the virtues of male comradeship and relegate male–female relationships to a subsidiary position."<ref>{{cite book | last=Konigsberg | first=Ira | title=The Complete Film Dictionary | year=1998 | publisher=Penguin | isbn=978-0-14-051393-6 | page=41 }}</ref>

==Female–female friendships==

A female buddy film is similar to a buddy film except that the main characters are women, and it is centered on their situation. The cast may be mainly female depending on the plot. There are far fewer female buddy films than there are male buddy films; however, notable examples include 1991's ''Thelma and Louise'', which had a popular impact similar to ''Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid'' and paved the way for onscreen female friendships such as those in ''Waiting to Exhale,'' ''Walking and Talking,'' and ''Fried Green Tomatoes''.<ref>{{cite web |date=2009 |title=Buddy Film |url=http://www.allmovie.com/explore/type/buddy-film-641 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312083753/http://www.allmovie.com/explore/type/buddy-film-641 |archive-date=March 12, 2009 |access-date=July 13, 2009 |website=AllMovie |publisher=Macrovision Corporation}}</ref>

==Hybrid genres== Buddy films are often hybridized with other film genres, such as road movies, Westerns, comedies, and action films featuring police. The "threats to [the] masculinity" of the male–male relationship depend on the genre: women in comedies, the law in films about outlaw buddies, and criminals in action films about cop buddies.<ref name="carroll" /> <!--

==Biracial pairings== In some films, the contrast is particularly accentuated by a difference in race.<ref name="still" /> -->

==History==

=== Ancient archetype === Buddy literature dates back as early as the ancient Mesopotamian ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', which details the combat and subsequent bonding of Gilgamesh and Enkidu, followed by their heroic adventures together. Gardner and Maier consider it to be possibly the first of "friendship literature," which would later feature prominently in Greek and Roman works.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gardner |first1=John |title=Gilgamesh: Translated from the Sîn-leqi-unninnī Version |last2=Maier |first2=John R. |date=1984 |publisher=A. A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-394-53771-9 |location=New York |pages=42}}</ref>

===Pre-1930s=== The buddy film is more common to cinema in the United States than cinema in other Western countries, which tend to focus on male–female romantic relationships or an individual male hero.<ref name="carroll" /> Film historian David Thomson observes that buddy films are rare among British and French films, "You just wouldn't see three Englishmen behave the way American men do, who are truly happiest when they are together with other men."<ref name="still" /> Portrayal of male bonding in the United States traces back to 19th-century author Mark Twain's characters Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer as a "good boy–bad boy combo", as well as Huck Finn and the slave Jim in Twain's 1884 novel ''Adventures of Huckleberry Finn''. Vaudeville acts in early 20th-century United States often featured male pairs.<ref name="still">{{cite news |last=Goldstein |first=Patrick |author-link=Patrick Goldstein |date=October 9, 2001 |title=It's Still a Guy Thing: The Evolution of Buddy Movies |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2001/oct/09/entertainment/ca-54963/2 |url-status=dead |access-date=August 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010210637/http://articles.latimes.com/2001/oct/09/entertainment/ca-54963 |archive-date=October 10, 2012}}</ref> Another example could be 1881's ''The Prince and the Pauper'' with Prince Edward and Miles Hendon.

===1930s to 1960s: Comedy duos=== From the 1930s to the 1960s in the United States, male comedy duos often appeared in buddy films. Laurel and Hardy and Abbott and Costello were popular in the 1930s and 1940s.<ref name="carroll" /> Laurel and Hardy starred in films like ''Sons of the Desert'' (1933), and Abbott and Costello starred in films like ''Buck Privates'' (1941). Another comedy duo was Wheeler & Woolsey, who starred in ''Half Shot at Sunrise'' (1930). Bing Crosby and Bob Hope starred together in the 1940 Paramount Pictures film ''Road to Singapore'',<ref name="jewell">{{cite book | last=Jewell | first=Richard | year=2007 | chapter=Genres | title=The Golden Age of Cinema: Hollywood, 1929–1945 | publisher=Wiley–Blackwell | page=229 | isbn=978-1-4051-6372-9 }}</ref> which led to other 1940s buddy films that the ''Los Angeles Times'' described as "escapist wartime fantasies".<ref name="still" /> Hope and Crosby starred together in a series of films that lasted to the 1960s.<ref name="jewell" /> Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis were a popular duo in the 1950s, and Walter Matthau and Jack Lemmon were famous in the 1960s, starring in the hit 1968 film ''The Odd Couple''.<ref name="carroll" />

A major departure from the more comic buddy films of the era was Akira Kurosawa's 1949 Japanese film ''Stray Dog'', starring Toshirō Mifune and Takashi Shimura. It was a more serious police procedural film noir that served as a precursor to the buddy cop film genre.<ref>{{cite journal|title=FilmInt|journal=Film International|year=2006|volume=4|issue=1–6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y50qAQAAIAAJ|access-date=28 April 2012|page=163|publisher=Kulturrådet|location=Sweden|quote=In addition to being a masterful precursor to the buddy cop movies and police procedurals popular today, Stray Dog is also a complex genre film that examines the plight of soldiers returning home to post-war Japan.}}</ref>

===1960s to 1970s: Responses to feminism and society=== {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Richard Pryor (1986) (cropped).jpg | width1 = 162 | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Gene Wilder 02.jpg | width2 = 150 | alt2 = | caption2 = | footer = Richard Pryor (left, pictured in 1986) and Gene Wilder (right, pictured in 1984) }} Throughout the 1960s and the 1970s, the feminist movement and "a widespread questioning" of social institutions influenced buddy films. The films explored male friendships more dramatically and encouraged individualism—particularly to be free from women and society.<ref name="carroll" /> Critics such as Molly Haskell and Robin Wood saw the decades' films as "a backlash from the feminist movement."<ref name="abbott">{{cite book | last=Abbott | first=Stacey | year=2009 | title=Angel | series=TV Milestones | publisher=Wayne State University Press | pages=73–74 | isbn=978-0-8143-3319-8 }}</ref> Philippa Gates wrote: "To punish women for their desire for equality, the buddy film pushes them out of the center of the narrative ... By making both protagonists men, the central issue of the film becomes the growth and development of their friendship. Women as potential love interests are thus eliminated from the narrative space."<ref>{{cite journal | first=Philippa | last=Gates |date=Spring 2004 | title=Always a Partner in Crime: Black Masculinity in the Hollywood Detective Film | journal=Journal of Popular Film and Television | volume=32 | issue=1 | pages=20–29 | doi=10.3200/JPFT.32.1.20-30 | s2cid=191996282 }}</ref> The buddy films of these decades were also hybridized with road movies.<ref name="abbott" /> The decades' buddy films included ''Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid'' (1969), ''Easy Rider'' (1969), ''Midnight Cowboy'' (1969), ''Thunderbolt and Lightfoot'' (1974), and ''Dog Day Afternoon'' (1975).<ref name="carroll" /> The ''Los Angeles Times'' said films like ''Scarecrow'' (1973) and ''All the President's Men'' (1976) reflected the "paranoia and alienation" felt in the era.<ref name="still" /> Beyond Hollywood, a notable buddy road movie of that era was the Bollywood "Curry Western" film ''Sholay'' (1975),<ref>{{cite web|last=Mohideen|first=Nabeel|title=Ram Gopal Varma's 'Aag' Pays Homage to a Bollywood Classic|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=az6l98g7dGv4&refer=muse|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=29 April 2012|date=September 3, 2007}}</ref> which was the highest-grossing Indian film of all time.<ref name="boxoffice">{{cite web|title=Sholay |url=http://www.ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Sholay |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630155123/http://www.ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Sholay |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 June 2012 |publisher=International Business Overview Standard |access-date=6 December 2007 }}</ref><ref name=adjusted>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=323&catName=QWJvdXQgSW5mbGF0aW9uIERhdGE= |title=About Inflation Figures - BOI |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=24 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106184319/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=323&catName=QWJvdXQgSW5mbGF0aW9uIERhdGE%3D |archive-date=6 January 2014 }}</ref>

Biracial buddy films emerged in the 1970s and 1980s; Richard Pryor and Gene Wilder initiated the movement with ''Silver Streak'' (1976) and ''Stir Crazy'' (1980). Eddie Murphy was a key actor in biracial buddy films, starring in ''48 Hours'' (1982) with Nick Nolte and in ''Trading Places'' (1983) with Dan Aykroyd.<ref name="chan">{{cite book | last=Chan | first=Kenneth | year=2009 | title=Remade in Hollywood: The Global Chinese Presence in Transnational Cinemas | publisher=Hong Kong University Press | pages=110–111 | isbn=978-962-209-056-9 }}</ref> Throughout the 1980s, the individual roles in biracial buddy films are reversed. The "racial other... is too civilized" while the white man "is equipped for survival in... the urban landscape".<ref name=":0">{{cite book | last=Gates | first=Philippa | year=2011 | title=Detecting Women: Gender and the Hollywood Detective Film | publisher=State University of New York Press | pages=279–280 | isbn=978-1-4384-3405-6 }}</ref>

===1980s: Action films and biracial pairings=== The 1980s was a popular decade for action films,<ref>{{cite book | last=Duren | first=Brad L | chapter=Donner, Richard | editor-last=Dimare | editor-first=Philip C | title=Movies in American History: An Encyclopedia | publisher=ABC-CLIO | page=630 | isbn=978-1-59884-296-8 | date=2011-06-30 }}</ref> and the genre that "blended masculinity, heroism, and patriotism into an idealized image" was hybridized with buddy films. Following the Civil Rights Movement, black advancement was also reflected in more common biracial pairings.<ref name="carroll" /> In this decade, the buddy cop film took the place of the buddy road movie.<ref name="abbott" /> Action films with biracial pairings include the 1982 film ''48 Hours'' starring Eddie Murphy and Nick Nolte and the 1987 film ''Lethal Weapon'' starring Mel Gibson and Danny Glover. Another combination of the action film and the buddy film in the 1980s and another biracial reversal was the 1988 film ''Die Hard'' in which Bruce Willis's heroic character John McClane is supported by the black cop Al (played by Reginald VelJohnson) and the sequel ''Die Hard With a Vengeance'' in which Willis partners with Samuel L. Jackson.<ref name="kolker">{{cite book | last=Kolker | first=Robert | year= 2011| title=A Cinema of Loneliness | publisher=Oxford University Press | pages=295–296 | isbn=978-0-19-973002-5 }}</ref>

===1990s: New approaches to the genre=== In the early 1990s, the masculine figure in films became more sensitive, and some buddy films "contemplated a masculinity that required sensitive relations between men". Such films included ''The Fisher King'' (1991) and ''The Shawshank Redemption'' (1994). The decade also saw new approaches to the genre. The 1991 film ''Thelma & Louise'' featured a female pairing of Geena Davis and Susan Sarandon, and the 1993 film ''The Pelican Brief'' featured a male–female platonic pairing of Julia Roberts and Denzel Washington. The 1998 film ''Rush Hour'' featured a nonwhite male pairing of Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker,<ref name="carroll" /> which the ''Los Angeles Times'' said symbolized color blindness in American cinema.<ref name="still" />

Biracial buddy films continued in the 1990s and 2000s and were combined with different genres, such as ''White Men Can't Jump'' (1992), ''Bulletproof'' (1996), ''Gridlock'd'' (1997), ''National Security'' (2003) and ''The Bucket List'' (2007).<ref name="carroll" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Also in the 1990s and 2000s, John Woo's Hollywood films imported the ''wuxia'' "themes of loyalty and trust" from his previous Hong Kong-produced films to create different takes on male bonding. Kin–Yan Szeto writes in ''The Martial Arts Cinema of the Chinese Diaspora'', "[In] his third Hollywood film, ''Face/Off''... Woo manages to deploy and politicize themes of homosociality with the possibility of contesting hegemonic masculinity that consolidates kinship and family." Woo's 2001 World War II film ''Windtalkers'' depicted two buddy pairs, with each pair indicating inequality through ethnicity (white American soldiers protecting Navajo code talkers but ready to kill the talkers to protect the code). Szeto explains, "Woo uses the twin buddy pairs to explore the shifting meanings and multiple possibilities in interracial bonding, rather than simply recuperating and empowering dominant positions for white heterosexual men."<ref>{{cite book | last=Szeto | first=Kin–Yan | year=2011 | chapter=Facing Off East and West in the Cinema of John Woo | title=The Martial Arts Cinema of the Chinese Diaspora: Ang Lee, John Woo, and Jackie Chan in Hollywood | publisher=Southern Illinois University Press | pages=89,103 | isbn=978-0-8093-3021-8 }}</ref>

==Selected filmography== {{anchor|Buddy Movies filmography}}  ===Comedy=== {{div col|colwidth=20em}} *''The Flying Deuces'' (1939)<ref>Robb, Brian J. Laurel & Hardy: ''The Pocket Essential Guide''. Summersdale Publishers (2008) {{ISBN|9781848393622}}</ref> *''The Blues Brothers'' (1980)<ref name="cnnlist">{{cite web|author=Breeanna Hare|title=20 great buddy movies - CNN.com|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/23/showbiz/movies/favorite-buddy-movies/index.html|website=CNN|date=23 May 2013|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref> *''Trading Places'' (1983)<ref name="biracialnyt">{{cite web|last1=Ross|first1=Michael E.|title=FILM; BLACK AND WHITE BUDDIES: HOW SINCERE IS THE HARMONY?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/14/movies/film-black-and-white-buddies-how-sincere-is-the-harmony.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=22 August 2016|date=14 June 1987}}</ref> *''Weird Science'' (1985)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/weird-science-vm1078237 | title=Weird Science (1985) - John Hughes | Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related | AllMovie }}</ref> *''Planes, Trains & Automobiles'' (1987)<ref name="rslist"/> * ''Gammat Jammat'' (1987)<ref>[https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/happy-birthday-ashok-saraf-ashi-hi-banwa-banwi-to-gammat-jammat-five-must-watch-comedy-movies-of-the-evergreen-star/amp_etphotostory/76182430.cms&ved=2ahUKEwj_pMbImef6AhXGR2wGHdppDz8QFnoECBkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3zJ8zEocpqft0FW48Sjf8C Times of India]{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} </ref> *''Twins'' (1988)<ref name="twins">{{cite web|last1=WILMINGTON|first1=MICHAEL|title=MOVIE REVIEW : 'Twins' Deals in Predictability|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-12-09-ca-1603-story.html|website=Los Angeles Times|access-date=22 August 2016|date=9 December 1988}}</ref> * ''Who Framed Roger Rabbit'' (1988)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/framed-roger-rabbit-review/|title=Who Framed Roger Rabbit?|website=Empire|date=2 March 2006 |accessdate=19 December 2022}}</ref> *''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989)<ref name="fandangolist">{{cite web|title=14 Buddy Movies You Should Watch Before Seeing 'Get Hard'|url=http://www.fandango.com/movie-photos/14-buddy-movies-you-should-watch-before-seeing-get-hard-843|website=Fandango|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref> *''Wayne's World'' (1992)<ref name="rslist"/> *''Dumb and Dumber'' (1994)<ref name="rslist">{{cite magazine|title=It Takes Two: Top 25 Best Buddy Comedies|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/lists/it-takes-two-top-25-best-buddy-comedies-20140612|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=12 June 2014|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref> *''Clerks'' (1994) *''Mallrats'' (1995)<ref name="mallrats">{{cite web|title=Mallrats 2 Will Introduce A Bunch Of New Characters - CINEMABLEND|url=http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Mallrats-2-Introduce-Bunch-Characters-70932.html|access-date=22 August 2016|date=16 April 2015}}</ref> *''Men In Black'' (1997)<ref name="esquirelist"/> *''Mouse Hunt'' (1997) *''Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle'' (2004)<ref name="fandangolist"/> *''Wedding Crashers'' (2005)<ref name="cnnlist"/> *''Hot Fuzz'' (2007)<ref name="netflixdd">{{cite news|title=Best buddy flicks streaming on Netflix|url=http://www.dailydot.com/upstream/best-buddy-flicks-netflix/|work=The Daily Dot|access-date=22 August 2016|date=21 May 2016}}</ref> *''Hop'' (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/|title=Archive blogs|website=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=19 December 2022}}</ref> *''The Nice Guys'' (2016) *''Sonic the Hedgehog'' (2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2020/2/14/21137040/sonic-the-hedgehog-movie-review|title=Sonic the Hedgehog's live-action movie seemed doomed to fail. It escaped unscathed|date=14 February 2020}}</ref> {{div col end}}

===Action=== {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * ''Sholay'' (1975)<ref name=Indian>[https://www.wionews.com/photos/tera-yaar-hoon-main-to-dosti-celebrate-the-spirit-of-friendship-day-with-these-classic-bollywood-songs-504591/amp&ved=2ahUKEwiZu92-l-f6AhVOUWwGHWjbBsIQFnoECDcQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2pCC5Ay1dIfTXmLVr6Rkv7 Wionews] {{dead link|date=December 2022}}</ref><ref>[https://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/when-bollywood-films-gave-us-major-friendship-goals/sholay/slideshow/84893101.cms&ved=2ahUKEwiZu92-l-f6AhVOUWwGHWjbBsIQFnoECDQQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2Jb9fz55yH1O0pETRg2JZ4 The Economic Times]{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} </ref> * ''''Yaarana'''' (1981)<ref name=Indian/> *''48 Hrs.'' (1982)<ref name="rslist"/><ref name="tamlist"/><ref name="the25bestbuddycopfilmspage4">{{cite web|title=The 25 Best Buddy Cop Movies Ever|url=https://theplaylist.net/25-best-buddy-cop-movies-ever-20160518/4/#cb-content|access-date=18 May 2016|date=23 August 2018}}</ref> *''Beverly Hills Cop'' (1984)<ref name="ignlist">{{cite web|title=Top 10 Buddy Cop Films|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/04/19/top-10-buddy-cop-films|website=IGN|access-date=22 August 2016|date=19 April 2007}}</ref><ref name="the25bestbuddycopfilmspage3">{{cite web|title=The 25 Best Buddy Cop Movies Ever|url=https://theplaylist.net/25-best-buddy-cop-movies-ever-20160518/3/#cb-content|access-date=18 May 2016|date=23 August 2018}}</ref> *''Running Scared'' (1986)<ref name="the25bestbuddycopfilmspage1">{{cite web|title=The 25 Best Buddy Cop Movies Ever|url=https://theplaylist.net/25-best-buddy-cop-movies-ever-20160518/#cb-content|access-date=18 May 2016|date=23 August 2018}}</ref> *''Lethal Weapon'' (1987)<ref name="tamlist">{{cite web|title=The 15 Best Buddy Movies|url=http://www.artofmanliness.com/2009/10/08/the-15-best-buddy-movies/|website=The Art of Manliness|access-date=22 August 2016|date=8 October 2009}}</ref><ref name="the25bestbuddycopfilmspage4"/> *''Stakeout'' (1987) *''Shoot to Kill'' (1988)<ref name="buddycopfilmschronological">{{cite web|title=Buddy Cop Films Chronological Order list on Imdb|website=IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/list/ls063204502/|access-date=11 August 2016|date=23 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="moviemusicuk">{{cite web|title=Shoot to Kill on Movie Music UK|url=https://moviemusicuk.us/2018/03/15/shoot-to-kill-john-scott/|access-date=23 August 2018|date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="rslist"/> *''Midnight Run'' (1988)<ref name="rollingstone">{{cite magazine|title='Midnight Run' at 30: In Praise of the 'Casablanca' of Buddy Comedies|magazine=Rolling Stone|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-features/midnight-run-30th-anniversary-699279/|access-date=23 August 2018|date=20 July 2018}}</ref> *''Dead Heat'' (1988)<ref name="buddycopfilms">{{cite web|title=Buddy Cop Films list on Imdb|website=IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/list/ls079399999/|access-date=4 August 2017|date=23 August 2018}}</ref> *''Red Heat'' (1988)<ref>{{cite news|title=Reviews/Film; U.S.-Soviet Buddy Movie With a Chicago Backdrop|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/17/movies/reviews-film-us-soviet-buddy-movie-with-a-chicago-backdrop.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=17 June 1988 |last1=Canby |first1=Vincent }}</ref> *''Young Guns'' (1988)<ref> https://www.allmovie.com/movie/young-guns-am26124</ref> *''Tango & Cash'' (1989)<ref name="pastelist">{{cite magazine|title=Who's Your Buddy? 20 Great Films in the Buddy Cop Genre|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/blogs/lists/2014/07/whos-your-buddy-20-great-films-in-the-buddy-cop-genre.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707035035/http://www.pastemagazine.com/blogs/lists/2014/07/whos-your-buddy-20-great-films-in-the-buddy-cop-genre.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 7, 2014|magazine=Paste|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref> *''Turner & Hooch'' (1989) *''Showdown in Little Tokyo'' (1991) *''The Hard Way'' (1991)<ref name="thehardway">{{cite web|title=Looking back at The Hard Way|work=Den of Geek |date=7 December 2012|url=http://www.denofgeek.com/movies/23722/looking-back-at-the-hard-way|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209014103/http://www.denofgeek.com/movies/23722/looking-back-at-the-hard-way|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2012|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref> *''The Last Boy Scout'' (1991)<ref name="buddycopfilms"/> *''Point Break'' (1991)<ref name="pointbreak">{{cite web|title=25 years ago, Point Break and Boyz n the Hood became iconic for different reasons|url=http://thecomeback.com/pop-culture/25-years-point-break-boyz-n-the-hood-anniversary.html|access-date=22 August 2016|date=12 July 2016}}</ref> *''Samurai Cop'' (1991)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/samurai-cop-vm795538363/user-reviews | title=Samurai Cop (1989) - Amir Shervan | User Reviews | AllMovie }}</ref> *''Se7en'' (1995)<ref name="the25bestbuddycopfilmspage4"/> *''Die Hard With a Vengeance'' (1995)<ref name="buddycopfilms"/><ref>{{cite web|title=The Best Buddy Cop Films list on Imdb|website=IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/list/ls006580522/|access-date=14 January 2016|date=23 August 2018}}</ref> *''Bad Boys'' (1995)<ref name="the25bestbuddycopfilmspage1"/> *''Top Dog'' (1995)<ref name="buddycopfilms"/><ref name="theworstbuddycopfilmsonimdb">{{cite web|title=The Worst Buddy Cop Films list on Imdb|website=IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/list/ls006580170/|access-date=12 May 2016|date=23 August 2018}}</ref> *''Rush Hour'' (1998)<ref name="esquirelist">{{cite magazine|title=Partners in Crime: The 10 Greatest Buddy-Cop Movies, Ranked|url=http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/a45031/buddy-cop-movies-ranked/|magazine=Esquire|access-date=22 August 2016|date=19 May 2016}}</ref> *''Shanghai Noon'' (2000) *''The 51st State'' (2001)<ref name="51ststate">{{cite web|title=Formula 51 : Production Notes|url=http://cinema.com/articles/678/formula-51-production-notes.phtml|website=cinema.com|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref> *''Showtime'' (2002)<ref name="theworstbuddycopfilmsonimdb"/> *''National Security'' (2003) *''Sherlock Holmes'' (2009)<ref name="pastelist"/> *''Cop Out'' (2010)<ref name="copout">{{cite web|last1=Weiner|first1=Jonah|title='Cop Out' and Buddy Films: Packing Heat and Brotherhood|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/21/movies/21cop.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=22 August 2016|date=19 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="buddycopfilms"/><ref name="theworstbuddycopfilmsonimdb"/> *''The Other Guys'' (2010)<ref name="the25bestbuddycopfilmspage1"/> *''21 Jump Street'' (2012)<ref name="the25bestbuddycopfilmspage3"/> *''2 Guns'' (2013)<ref name="2guns">{{cite web|last1=Patterson|first1=John|title=It's time to put 2 Guns to the head of the buddy-cop genre|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/aug/12/2-guns-buddy-cop|website=The Guardian|access-date=22 August 2016|date=12 August 2013}}</ref> *''Ride Along'' (2014)<ref name="theworstbuddycopfilmsonimdb"/> *''Drive Hard'' (2014)<ref name="drivehard">{{cite web|title=Thomas Jane And John Cusack Are Ridiculous In Drive Hard Trailer - CINEMABLEND|url=http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Thomas-Jane-John-Cusack-Ridiculous-Drive-Hard-Trailer-41675.html|access-date=22 August 2016|date=14 February 2014}}</ref> *''Skin Trade'' (2014)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/skin-trade-vm1234552206 | title=Skin Trade (2015) - Ekachai Uekrongtham | Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related | AllMovie }}</ref> *''The Nice Guys'' (2016) *''RRR'' (2022)<ref> {{cite web | url=https://www.filmsfatale.com/blog/2022/4/15/rrr |title=RRR |date=15 April 2022 |publisher=Films Fatale |access-date=2025-04-25}}</ref> {{div col end}}

===Animation franchise=== {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * ''The Land Before Time'' (1988–2016)<ref name="lbt">{{cite web|title=The Land Before Time - Movie Review|date=30 November 2009|url=https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/the-land-before-time|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref> * ''Toy Story'' (1995–present)<ref name="toystory">{{cite web|title=How 'Toy Story' Changed Animated Movies Forever|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/toy-story-turns-20-changed-animated-films-forever/story?id=35281890|website=ABC News|access-date=22 August 2016|date=22 November 2015}}</ref> * ''The Emperor's New Groove'' (2000–2005)<ref name="itcheranimatedlist">{{cite web|title=5 Movies like The Emperor's New Groove: Animated Buddy Movies • itcher Magazine|url=http://itcher.com/mag/movies-like-the-emperors-new-groove/|website=itcher Magazine|access-date=22 August 2016|date=13 April 2016}}</ref> * ''Shrek'' (2001–present)<ref name="shrek">{{cite news|title=Film Review: "Shrek"|url=http://dailynexus.com/2001-05-31/film-review-shrek/|newspaper=Daily Nexus|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref> * ''Monsters, Inc.'' (2001–present)<ref name="inc">{{cite news|last1=Taylor|first1=Drew|title=Review: 'Monsters, Inc.' In 3D Is Just As Much Fun As It Was The First Time Around|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2012/12/review-monsters-inc-in-3d-is-just-as-much-fun-as-it-was-the-first-time-around-250042/|work=IndieWire|access-date=22 August 2016|date=21 December 2012}}</ref> * ''Up'' (2009)<ref name="up">{{cite web|last1=Greydanus|first1=Steven D.|title=Up (2009) {{!}} Decent Films - SDG Reviews|url=http://decentfilms.com/reviews/up|website=Decent Films|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref> * ''Home'' (2015)<ref name="home">{{cite web|last1=Spangler|first1=Todd|title=Netflix Orders 'Home' Alien-Buddy Comedy TV Series From DreamWorks Animation|url=https://variety.com/2016/digital/news/netflix-home-series-dreamworks-animation-1201743080/|access-date=22 August 2016|date=31 March 2016}}</ref> * ''Zootopia'' (2016–present)<ref name="zootopia">{{cite web|title='Zootopia' Reimagines the Buddy-Cop Movie as Kids' Flick and Social Parody|url=http://www.knoxmercury.com/2016/03/09/zootopia-reimagines-the-buddy-cop-movie-as-kids-flick-and-social-parody/|website=The Knoxville Mercury|access-date=22 August 2016|date=9 March 2016}}</ref> * ''The Secret Life of Pets'' (2016–present)<ref name="slop">{{cite web|title=4 Things Every Parent Should Know About 'The Secret Life of Pets'|url=http://www.moviefone.com/2016/07/07/the-secret-life-of-pets-family-review/|website=AOL Moviefone|access-date=22 August 2016|date=7 July 2016}}</ref> * ''Trolls'' (2016–present)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://festivalreviews.org/2016/11/04/film-review-trolls-usa-2016/|title=Film Review: TROLLS (USA 2016) ***|date=4 November 2016|accessdate=19 December 2022}}</ref> * ''The Boss Baby'' (2017–present)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertainment.ie/cinema/movie-reviews/the-boss-baby-5440/|title=The Boss Baby - Cinema, Movie, Film Review - Entertainment.ie|accessdate=19 December 2022|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814055902/https://entertainment.ie/cinema/movie-reviews/the-boss-baby-5440/|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{div col end}}

==Television series== ''Lethal Weapon'' was adapted into a television series which ran from 2016 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/the-exorcist-lethal-weapon-making-history-pitch-the-mick-apb-fox-series-orders-1201752948/|title='The Exorcist', 'Lethal Weapon', 'Making History', 'Pitch', 'The Mick' & 'APB' Get Fox Series Orders|work=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=May 11, 2016|date=May 10, 2016|first=Nellie|last=Andreeva|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|location=United States}}</ref> The 2021 series ''The Falcon and the Winter Soldier'' has many of the features of the buddy film genre, and is influenced by films like ''48 Hrs.'', ''The Defiant Ones'', ''Lethal Weapon'' and ''Rush Hour''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sciretta |first=Peter |date=October 30, 2018 |title=Falcon/Winter Soldier TV Series Planned for Disney Streaming Service, Scarlet Witch Show May Co-Star Vision |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/falcon-winter-soldier-tv-series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101055221/https://www.slashfilm.com/falcon-winter-soldier-tv-series/ |archive-date=November 1, 2018 |access-date=November 1, 2018 |website=/Film}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |last=Itzkoff |first=Dave |date=March 12, 2021 |title='The Falcon and the Winter Soldier' Is Marvel's Latest Double Act |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/12/arts/television/falcon-winter-soldier-disney.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312130156/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/12/arts/television/falcon-winter-soldier-disney.html |archive-date=March 12, 2021 |access-date=March 13, 2021 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Other examples include ''Hardcastle and McCormick'', in which a retired judge and his last defendant follow up on cases that were dismissed due to technicalities; ''CHiPs'', the adventures of two California Highway Patrol motorcycle officers; and ''Voyagers!'', in which a member of a league of time travelers and a boy travel through time repairing errors in world history.

In 2018, an original anime production ''A Place Further than the Universe'' aired. It comprises four girls with contrasting personalities and life background meeting together to go to Antarctica.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-12-03 |title=Best TV Shows of 2018 (Published 2018) |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/03/arts/television/the-best-tv-shows.html |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=en |last1=Poniewozik |first1=James |last2=Hale |first2=Mike |last3=Lyons |first3=Margaret }}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Bibliography== *{{cite book | last=Casper | first=Drew | year=2011 | chapter=Buddy Film | title=Hollywood Film 1963-1976: Years of Revolution and Reaction | publisher=Wiley–Blackwell | pages=247–252 | isbn=978-1-4051-8827-2 }}

==Further reading== *{{cite book | last=Donalson | first=Melvin Burke | year=2006 | title=Masculinity in the Interracial Buddy Film | publisher=McFarland & Company | isbn=978-0-7864-2301-9 }} *{{cite book | last=Fuchs | first=Cynthia J | year= 1993| chapter=The Buddy Politic | editor1-last=Cohan | editor1-first=Steven | editor2-last=Hark | editor2-first=Ina Rae | title=Screening the Male: Exploring Masculinities in the Hollywood Cinema | publisher=Routledge | pages=194–212 | isbn=978-0-415-07759-0 }} *{{cite book | last=Locke | first=Brian | year=2009 | title=Racial Stigma on the Hollywood Screen from World War II to the Present: The Orientalist Buddy Film | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan | isbn=978-0-230-61882-4 }}

Category:Buddy films * Category:Film genres