Bucinator muscle

{{Short description|Muscle}} {{Redirect|Buccinator}} {{Infobox muscle | Name = Buccinator muscle | Latin = musculus buccinator<ref>{{Terminologia Anatomica|A04.1.03.036}}</ref><br/> musculus bucinatorius | Image = buccinator.jpg | Caption = Buccinator outlined in red. | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Origin = From the alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, buccinator crest and pterygomandibular raphe | Insertion = In the fibers of the orbicularis oris | Blood = Buccal artery | Nerve = Buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve) | Action = The buccinator compresses the cheeks against the teeth and is used in acts such as blowing. It is an assistant muscle of mastication (chewing) and in neonates it is used to suckle. }}

The '''buccinator''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ʌ|k|s|ɪ|n|eɪ|t|ər}}<ref>''OED'' 2nd edition, 1989.</ref><ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/buccinator Entry "buccinator"] in ''[http://www.merriam-webster.com/ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary]''.</ref> or '''musculus bucinatorius''') is a thin quadrilateral muscle occupying the interval between the maxilla and the mandible at the side of the face. It forms the anterior part of the cheek or the lateral wall of the oral cavity.<ref name=":0">Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, page 91</ref>

==Structure== It arises from the outer surfaces of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible, corresponding to the three pairs of molar teeth and in the mandible, it is attached upon the bucinator crest posterior to the third molar;<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iVGbPei7gZ4C&dq=buccinator+crest&pg=PA47 Google Books] Woelfel's Dental Anatomy: Its Relevance to dentistry, Rickne C. Scheid, Julian B. Woelfel.</ref> and behind, from the anterior border of the pterygomandibular raphe which separates it from the constrictor pharyngis superior.

The fibers converge toward the angle of the mouth, where the central fibers intersect each other, those from below being continuous with the upper segment of the orbicularis oris, and those from above with the lower segment; the upper and lower fibers are continued forward into the corresponding lip without decussation.

===Innervation=== Motor innervation is from the buccal branch of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). Sensory innervation is supplied by the buccal branch (one of the muscular branches) of the mandibular part of the trigeminal (cranial nerve V).<ref>Grant's Dissector, Fourteenth Edition, page 204</ref>

==Function== Its purpose is to pull back the angle of the mouth and to flatten the cheek area, which aids in holding the cheek to the teeth during chewing. This action causes the muscle to keep food pushed back on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth, as when a person chews. By keeping the food in the correct position when chewing, the bucinator assists the muscles of mastication.<ref name=":0" />

It aids whistling and smiling, and in neonates it is used to suckle.

==Structures piercing the bucinator== #Parotid duct (Stenson's duct) #Molar glands of cheeks #Buccal branch of mandibular nerve

==Etymology== A ''buccinator'' in classical Latin is a trumpeter,<ref name="Lewis & Short">Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref> or more precisely, the person who blows the ''bucina''.<ref name="Lewis & Short"/> The name ''bucina'' could refer in Roman antiquity to a crooked horn or trumpet,<ref name="Lewis & Short"/> a shepherd's horn<ref name="Lewis & Short"/> or a war-trumpet.<ref name="Lewis & Short"/> Despite its similarity to the classical Latin name for cheek, i.e. bucca,<ref name="Lewis & Short"/> the words ''bucinator'', ''bucina'', and ''bucinere'' (to blow the bucina<ref name="Lewis & Short"/>) are not related to ''bucca'',<ref name="Stieve1949">Stieve, H. (1949). ''Nomina Anatomica. Zusammengestellt von der im Jahre 1923 gewählten Nomenklatur-Kommission, unter Berücksichtigung der Vorschläge der Mitglieder der Anatomischen Gesellschaft, der Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, sowie der American Association of Anatomists, überprüft und durch Beschluß der Anatomischen Gesellschaft auf der Tagung in Jena 1935 endgúltig angenommen.'' (4th edition). Jena: Verlag Gustav Fischer.</ref> hence some disapproved the spelling ''buccinator''.<ref name="Stieve1949"/> Although the name ''bucinator'' is not derived from ''bucca'', this muscle is also called ''musculus buccae'' <ref name="Schreger">Schreger, C.H.Th.(1805). ''Synonymia anatomica. Synonymik der anatomischen Nomenclatur.'' Fürth: im Bureau für Literatur.</ref> or ''musculus buccalis'' <ref name="Foster1891">{{cite book |author=F.D. Foster |title=An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages |date=1891–1893 |publisher=D. Appleton and Company}}</ref> in Latin and muscle of the cheek <ref name="Schreger"/> in English.

The first edition of ''Terminologia Anatomica'',<ref name="FCAT">Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) (1998). ''Terminologia Anatomica''. Stuttgart: Thieme</ref> and preceding editions (''Nomina Anatomica'')<ref name="NA3">International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1966). ''Nomina Anatomica''. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation.</ref><ref name="NA4">International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1977). ''Nomina Anatomica, together with Nomina Histologica and Nomina Embryologica''. Amsterdam-Oxford: Excerpta Med</ref> <ref name="NA5">International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1983). ''Nomina Anatomica, together with Nomina Histologica and Nomina Embryologica''. Baltimore/London: Williams & Wilkins</ref><ref name="NA6">International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1989). ''Nomina Anatomica, together with Nomina Histologica and Nomina Embryologica''. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.</ref> dictate the spelling 'buccinator' with double 'c', with the exception of the Jena Nomina Anatomica, authorized in 1935, which writes 'musculus bucinatorius' <ref name="Stieve1949"/> with a single 'c'. The second edition of ''Terminologia Anatomica'' published in 2019 adopted the spelling 'bucinator' with a single 'c'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TA2 Viewer |url=https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=2086 |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=ta2viewer.openanatomy.org}}</ref>

<!-- too much for this page - move to a new one Bucinator is derived<ref name="Triepel1936">Triepel, H. & Stieve, H. (1936). ''Die anatomischen Namen. Ihre Ableitung und Aussprache. Anhang: Eigennamen, die früher in der Anatomie verwendet wurden.''(Achtzehnte Auflage). Berlin/Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag.</ref><ref name="Ziolkowski2002">{{cite journal | last1 = Ziolkowski | first1 = J | year = 2002 | title = The Roman bucina: a distinct musical instrument? | journal = Historic Brass Society Journal | volume = 14 | pages = 31–58 }}</ref> from Ancient Latin ''bos'', "ox/bull/cow"<ref name="Lewis & Short"/> and ''canere'', "to sing/sound".<ref name="Lewis & Short"/> It may have started out as an animal horn,<ref name="Ziolkowski2002"/> and has developed into something more intricate when used in the Roman army.<ref name="Ziolkowski2002"/> Other compounds in Latin starting with ''bu'', like ''busequa'' (herdsman<ref name="Lewis & Short"/>) and ''bucaeda'' (one who is whipped with thongs of ox-hide<ref name="Lewis & Short"/>) are similarly constructed from Latin ''bos''.<ref name="Lewis & Short"/>

Ancient Greek βουκινάτωρ/βυκανητής/βυκανιστής (''trumpeter'' <ref name="Liddell & Scott">Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). ''A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref>), βυκανη (''spiral trompet/horn'' <ref name="Liddell & Scott"/>) and βουκινίζειν/βυκινίζειν/βουινίζειν (''blow the trumpet'' <ref name="Liddell & Scott"/>) can be seen as translations or derivations from classical Latin bucinator, bucina and bucinare<ref name="Ziolkowski2002"/> and not the other way around. In modern Greek the bucinator muscle is analogously called βυκανητής.<ref name="Schleifer">Schleifer, S.K. (Ed.) (2011). ''Corpus humanum, The human body, Le corps humain, Der menschliche Körper, Il corpo umano, El cuerpo humano, Ciało człowieka, Människokroppen, Menneskekroppen, Τό ανθρώπινο σῶμα, ЧЕЛОВЕК.'' FKG.</ref> -->

==Additional images== <gallery> File:Sobo 1909 263.png File:Sobo 1909 262.png File:Sobo 1909 264.png File:Sobo 1909 266.png File:Gray157.png|Left maxilla, outer surface File:Gray176.png|Mandible, outer surface, side view File:Gray381.png|Scheme showing arrangement of fibers of orbicularis oris File:Gray513.png|The internal carotid and vertebral arteries, right side File:Gray778.png|Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves and the submaxillary ganglion File:Gray781.png|Mandibular division of the trifacial nerve File:Gray1201.png|The mouth cavity: The cheeks have been slit transversely and the tongue pulled forward. File:Buccinator muscle animation small.gif|Position of buccinator muscle (red) File:Buccinator muscle lateral.png|Position of buccinator muscle (red) File:Buccinator muscle frontal.png|Position of buccinator muscle (red) File:Slide1vv.JPG|Buccinator muscle </gallery>

==References== {{Gray's}} {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Buccinator muscles}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s05287.011-1.html|title=Anatomy diagram: 05287.011-1|work=Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator|publisher=Elsevier|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422112902/http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s05287.011-1.html|archive-date=2013-04-22|url-status=dead}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s25420.000-1.html|title=Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1|work=Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator|publisher=Elsevier|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226040726/http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s25420.000-1.html|archive-date=2015-02-26|url-status=dead}} * {{cite journal | pmc=2100218 | pmid=16637883 | doi=10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00574.x | volume=208 | issue=5 | title=An anatomical study of the buccinator muscle fibres that extend to the terminal portion of the parotid duct, and their functional roles in salivary secretion | year=2006 | journal=J. Anat. | pages=601–7 | last1 = Kang | first1 = HC | last2 = Kwak | first2 = HH | last3 = Hu | first3 = KS | last4 = Youn | first4 = KH | last5 = Jin | first5 = GC | last6 = Fontaine | first6 = C | last7 = Kim | first7 = HJ}}

Category:Muscles of the head and neck