{{Short description|Wall or barrier at national boundaries}} {{Distinguish|Defensive wall}} [[File:Algodones sand-dune-fence.jpg|230px|right|thumb|Mexico–United States barrier at the Algodones Dunes in California]] [[File:Israel - Jerusalem - Mount Zion - 03 (4261536735).jpg|thumb|230px|Israeli West Bank barrier]] A '''border barrier''', '''border fence''' or '''border wall''' is a separation barrier that runs along or near an international border. Such barriers are typically constructed for border control purposes such as curbing illegal immigration, human trafficking, and smuggling.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/return-of-the-fence-immigration-crisis-spurs-renewed-calls-for-border-barrier/ |title=Return of the Fence: Immigration crisis spurs renewed calls for border barrier |work=Fox News |date=2014-07-09 |access-date=2016-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1819/18191290.htm |title=Border Barrier |work=Frontline |access-date=2016-05-21}}</ref> Some such barriers are constructed for defence or security reasons. In cases of a disputed or unclear border, erecting a barrier can serve as a ''de facto'' unilateral consolidation of a territorial claim that can supersede formal delimitation. A border barrier does not usually indicate the location of the actual border, and is usually constructed unilaterally by a country, without the agreement or cooperation of the other country.
Examples of border walls include the ancient Great Wall of China, a series of walls separating China from nomadic empires to the north. The construction of border barriers increased in the early 2000s; half of all the border barriers built since World War II, which ended in 1945, were built after 2000.<ref name="FriedmanWalls">{{cite news|last1=Friedman|first1=Uri|title=A World of Walls |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/05/donald-trump-wall-mexico/483156/ |access-date=20 May 2016|work=The Atlantic|date=19 May 2016}}</ref>
==List of current barriers<!-- There is missing at least 4-7 more scattered through UE countries. Hungary, Serbia etc.... -->== {{Incomplete list|date=December 2021}} ''Note: The table can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the File:Sort both.gif icon.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Name !Countries affected !Built and maintained by !Date built !data-sort-type="number" |Length (km) !Deaths during crossing attempts ! References |- | '''Argentina–Paraguay''' | Argentina and Paraguay || Argentina || 2014 || 1.3 | || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/karlazabludovsky/argentina-separation-anxiety|title = A Wall Divides Latin America — but Not the One You're Thinking of|website = BuzzFeed News| date=5 March 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/09/07/globalpost-south-american-lesson-donald-trump-border-walls-ugly-and-dont-work/71839892/ | title=A South American lesson for Donald Trump: Border walls are ugly and don't work }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.h2foz.com.br/en/fronteira/paraguai-denuncia-argentina-barreiras-mercosul/ | title=Paraguay denounces Argentina for new barriers to the country - H2FOZ | date=2 October 2023 }}</ref> |- | '''Austrian border barrier''' || Austria, Italy, and Slovenia || Austria || 2015 || 3.7 | || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oe24.at/oesterreich/politik/Mikl-Leitner-baut-Grenz-Zaun/209856697 |title=Mikl-Leitner baut "Grenz-Zaun" |website=Oe24.at |date=2015-01-12 |access-date=2016-05-21}}</ref> |- | '''Morocco- Algeria''' | Morocco and Algeria || Morocco|| 2014|| 150 km | || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.xcept-research.org/publication/barriers-versus-smugglers-algeria-and-moroccos-battle-for-border-security/ | title=Barriers Versus Smugglers: Algeria and Morocco's Battle for Border Security }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Lounnas |first=Djallil |last2=Messari |first2=Nizar |date=2018 |title=Algeria-Morocco Relations and their Impact on the Maghrebi Regional System |url=https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/menara_wp_20.pdf |journal=Middle East and North Africa Regional Architecture: Mapping Geopolitical Shifts, Regional Order and Domestic Transformations |publisher=MENARA Working Papers |article-number=20}}</ref> |- | '''Algeria- Morocco''' | Algeria and Morocco|| Algeria|| 2013|| 150 km | || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.xcept-research.org/publication/barriers-versus-smugglers-algeria-and-moroccos-battle-for-border-security/ | title=Barriers Versus Smugglers: Algeria and Morocco's Battle for Border Security }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> |- | '''Belize–Guatemala''' | Belize and Guatemala || Belize || Proposed, agreed || N/A | || |- | '''Botswana–Zimbabwe''' | Botswana and Zimbabwe || Botswana || 2003 || 500 | 8|| <ref>{{Cite news|periodical=BBC News|title=Zimbabwe crisis spills over border|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3582459.stm|last=Phillips|first=Barnaby|date=2004-03-30 | access-date=January 4, 2010}}</ref> |- | '''Brunei–Malaysia''' | Brunei and the city of Limbang, Malaysia || Brunei || 2005 || 20 | || |- | '''Bulgaria–Turkey barrier''' | Bulgaria and Turkey || Bulgaria || 2014 || 30 | || <ref>Caroline Mortimer. [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/bulgaria-builds-final-part-of-razor-wire-fence-to-keep-out-refugees-10437962.html Bulgaria builds final part of razor wire fence to keep out refugees]. ''The Independent''. 4 August 2015.</ref> |- | '''Calais border barrier''' || United Kingdom and France || United Kingdom and France || 2016 || 1 | ||<ref name="McAuleyBuilding">{{cite news|last1=McAuley|first1=James|date=29 September 2016|title=France and Britain just beat Donald Trump to building a border wall|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/france-and-britain-just-beat-donald-trump-tobuilding-a-border-wall/2016/09/28/345e352a-8000-11e6-ad0e-ab0d12c779b1_story.html|access-date=29 September 2016}}</ref> |- | '''Ceuta border fence''' | Spain and Morocco || Spain || 2001 || 8 |13–18 depending on estimates.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Op-Ed - Ceuta, the Border-fence of Europe - Worldpress.org|url=https://www.worldpress.org/Europe/3371.cfm|access-date=2021-12-25|website=www.worldpress.org}}</ref>|| |- | '''Costa Rica–Nicaragua''' | Costa Rica and Nicaragua || Costa Rica || Proposed || N/A | || |- | '''Green Line (Cyprus)''' | Cyprus and Northern Cyprus || Cyprus and the United Nations || 1964 || 180 | || |- | '''Chinese–Korean border fence''' | China and North Korea || China || 2011 || 1,416 | || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2006/10/china-building-border-fence-facing.php |title=JURIST – Paper Chase: China building border fence facing North Korea |access-date=October 23, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820005602/http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2006/10/china-building-border-fence-facing.php |archive-date=August 20, 2012 }}</ref> |- |'''Chile–Bolivia ditch''' |Chile and Bolivia |Chile |2022 (Under construction) |N/A | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-05 |title=Chile construirá nueva zanja en la frontera con Bolivia para frenar migración |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/chile-migraci%C3%B3n_chile-construir%C3%A1-nueva-zanja-en-la-frontera-con-bolivia-para-frenar-migraci%C3%B3n/47406006 |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=SWI swissinfo.ch |language=es}}</ref> |- |'''China-Vietnam/Myanmar border wall''' |China, Vietnam and Myanmar |China |2021 |3,468 | |<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.voanews.com/a/east-asia-pacific_china-vietnam-border-wall-would-target-smugglers-chinese-economic-refugees/6200280.html | title=China-Vietnam Border Wall Would Target Smugglers, Chinese Economic Refugees | date=4 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/12/china-building-massive-myanmar-border-wall-reports/ | title=China Building Massive Myanmar Border Wall: Reports }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-25/why-china-building-border-walls-with-vietnam-myanmar/13068344 | title=Why is China building border walls with Vietnam and Myanmar? | work=ABC News | date=24 January 2021 }}</ref> |- | '''Denmark–Germany border fence''' || Denmark and Germany || Denmark || 2019 || 70 | || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Denmark builds a border fence but it has nothing to do with migrants|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/denmark-building-border-fence-keep-out-wild-boars-n963801|access-date=2021-12-25|website=NBC News|date=29 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.politico.eu/article/denmark-begins-building-wild-boar-fence-along-border-with-germany/ |title = Denmark building wild boar fence along border with Germany|work = Politico|first = Kait|last = Bolongari|date = 28 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=Denmark to build controversial German border fence {{!}} DW {{!}} 14.08.2018|url=https://www.dw.com/en/denmark-to-build-controversial-german-border-fence/a-45078064|access-date=2021-12-25|website=DW.COM|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | '''Dominican–Haiti border fence''' | Dominican Republic and Haiti || Dominican Republic || Partially completed || N/A | || <ref>{{cite news |title=Dominican Republic to construct fence along border with Haiti |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/dominican-republic-construct-fence-along-215153876.html |access-date=February 28, 2021 |work=news.yahoo.com |agency=Reuters |date=February 27, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1=Balbi | first1=Danielle | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2022-09-28/big-take-why-the-dominican-republic-is-building-a-border-wall-between-haiti | title=Archive.ph | website=Bloomberg News | date=28 September 2022 | access-date=2022-10-11 | archive-date=2022-09-29 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20220929183515/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2022-09-28/big-take-why-the-dominican-republic-is-building-a-border-wall-between-haiti | url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> |- | '''Egypt–Gaza barrier''' | Egypt and Gaza Strip || Egypt || 1979, low concrete wall (2.5–3m tall) with barbed wire as part of initial security measures; 2009 Underground steel barrier (10–11 km long, 18m deep) to block smuggling tunnels. || 3.1 | || <ref name="FraserBuildingWall">{{cite news|last1=Fraser|first1=Christian|title=Egypt starts building steel wall on Gaza Strip border|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8405020.stm|access-date=17 February 2017|publisher=BBC|date=9 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://eng.alzaytouna.net/2010/02/10/strategic-assessment-20-the-steel-wall-with-gaza-strip-purpose-and-implications/ | title=Strategic Assessment # 20 the "Steel Wall" with Gaza Strip: Purpose and Implications | date=10 February 2010 }}</ref> |- | '''Estonia–Russia barrier''' | Estonia and Russia || Estonia || 2018 || 110 | || <ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34085926 Estonia 'plans Russia border fence' amid Ukraine tensions]. BBC News. 28 August 2015</ref> |- | '''Finland–Russia border barrier''' | Finland and Russia || Finland || 2023 || 200 | || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64802457|title=Finland starts construction of Russia border fence|date=1 March 2023|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dagens.com/news/finland-accelerates-construction-of-border-fence-with-russia | title=Finland Accelerates Construction of Border Fence with Russia | date=22 March 2024 }}</ref> |- | '''Greece–Turkey border''' | Greece and Turkey || Greece || 2012, expanded 2021<ref>{{cite web | title=Greece finishes fence at Turkey border amid warnings of Afghan migrant surge | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58289893 | date=August 21, 2021 | work=BBC News | access-date=October 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1=Picheta | first1=Rob | last2=Liakos | first2=Chris | title=Greece finishes wall on border with Turkey, amid fears of Afghan migrant crisis | url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/21/europe/greece-turkey-border-wall-completed-scli-intl/index.html | date=August 21, 2021 | work=CNN | access-date=October 24, 2021}}</ref> || 200 | || <ref>Danae Leivada. [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/greece-turkey-border-fence_55f9ab73e4b0d6492d63ec12 Why Greece Shut The Shortest, Safest Route For Migrants And Refugees]. The Huffington Post. Published on 09/24/2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=greek--barrier-on-border-with-turkey-to-keep-out-migrants-2011-01-02 |title=Turkey – Greece to put up anti-migrant wall on Turkish border |publisher=Hurriyetdailynews.com |date=2011-01-02 |access-date=2013-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Συντάχθηκε απο τον/την theInsider |url=http://www.theinsider.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9282:wall-against-immigrants-in-evros&catid=3:society&Itemid=41 |title=Τείχος κατά μεταναστών στον Έβρο! |publisher=Theinsider.gr |date=2010-03-14 |access-date=2013-09-22 |archive-date=2013-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927232412/http://www.theinsider.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9282:wall-against-immigrants-in-evros&catid=3:society&Itemid=41 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontex.europa.eu/newsroom/news_releases/art74.html|title=Frontex signs seat agreement with Greece |access-date=September 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316180115/http://www.frontex.europa.eu/newsroom/news_releases/art74.html |archive-date=March 16, 2012 }}</ref> |- | '''North Macedonia–Greece barrier''' | North Macedonia and Greece || North Macedonia || 2015 || 30 | || <ref>Yannis Behrakis. [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-macedonia-idUSKBN0TH04M20151128 Police, migrants clash on Macedonia border; soldiers build fence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202235719/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/28/us-europe-migrants-macedonia-idUSKBN0TH04M20151128 |date=2015-12-02 }}. Reuters. November 28, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/07/01/north-macedonia-tightens-border-security-fearing-migrant-influx/ | title=North Macedonia Tightens Border Security, Fearing Migrant Influx | date=July 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dw.com/en/macedonia-reinforces-fence-at-greek-border-to-control-migrant-inflow/a-18881634 | title=Macedonia reinforces border fence – DW – 11/28/2015 | website=Deutsche Welle }}</ref> |- | '''Malaysia–Thailand border''' | Thailand and Malaysia || Thailand || 70's, 2001 || 650 | || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/fencing-out-terrorism-precedents-kenyas-security-barrier | title=Fencing Out Terrorism: Precedents for Kenya's Security Barrier | the Washington Institute }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2918640/malaysian-states-border-wall-proposal-rejected | title=Malaysian state's border wall proposal rejected | work=Bangkok Post | date=12 December 2024 }}</ref> |- | '''Melilla border fence''' | Spain and Morocco || Spain || 1998 || 11 | || |- | '''Myanmar -Bangladesh border fence''' | Myanmar and Bangladesh || Myanmar || 2017 || 271 | || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/world/asia/myanmar-upgrades-boarder-fence-with-bangladesh-1514457987 | title=Myanmar upgrades boarder fence with Bangladesh }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43248015 | title=Rohingya crisis: Military build-up on Myanmar border with Bangladesh | date=March 2018 }}</ref> |- | '''Hungary–Serbia barrier''' | Hungary and Serbia || Hungary || 2015 || 175 | || <ref>{{cite news |title=Hungary to fence off border with Serbia to stop migrants |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hungary-immigration-idUSKBN0OX17I20150617 |date=2015-06-17 |access-date=June 18, 2015 |newspaper=Reuters |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924220554/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/17/us-hungary-immigration-idUSKBN0OX17I20150617 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kormany.hu/en/ministry-of-defence/news/reinforcement-of-temporary-security-barrier-starts-on-the-hungarian-serbian-border|title=Reinforcement of temporary border barrier starts on the Hungarian–Serbian border|access-date=26 January 2017|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729115815/https://www.kormany.hu/en/ministry-of-defence/news/reinforcement-of-temporary-security-barrier-starts-on-the-hungarian-serbian-border|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="26 August 2016">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/26/hungarys-pm-plans-more-massive-fence-to-keep-out-migrants Hungary's PM plans 'more massive' fence to keep out migrants]. theguardian.com. 26 August 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Hungary Completes 2nd Border Fence Meant to Stop Migrants | url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/hungary-completes-2nd-border-fence-meant-to-stop-migrants | date=April 28, 2017 | publisher=Fox News (from the Associated Press) | access-date=September 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Hungary Completes Second Fence to Keep Out Migrants | url=http://p.dw.com/p/2c64B | date=April 28, 2017 | publisher=Deutsche Welle | access-date=September 13, 2017}}</ref> |- | '''Hungary–Croatia barrier''' | Hungary and Croatia || Hungary || 2015 || 41 | || |- | '''India–Bangladesh barrier''' | India and Bangladesh || India || Under construction || 3,268 | || |- | '''India–Myanmar barrier''' | India and Myanmar || India || Under construction || 1,624 | || |- |'''India-Nepal barrier''' | India and Nepal || India || Under construction || ? || |- | '''India–Pakistan barrier''' | India and Pakistan || India || 2004 || 550 | || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/bsf-activates-laser-walls-along-india-pakistan-border/20160428.htm | title=BSF activates 'laser walls' along India-Pakistan border}}</ref> |- | '''Iran–Pakistan barrier''' | Iran and Pakistan || Pakistan<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pakistan army says border fencing with Iran to be completed by end of 2021|url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83906663/Pakistan-army-says-border-fencing-with-Iran-to-be-completed-by|access-date=2020-08-14|website=IRNA|date=13 August 2020 }}</ref> and Iran || Under construction || 959 | || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/249005/debate-on-iran-border-wall-disallowed |title=Debate on Iran border wall disallowed |date=May 27, 2007 |publisher=dawn.com |access-date=2013-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222401/http://www.dawn.com/2007/05/27/top8.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports/2911 |access-date=September 22, 2013 |title=BAE Systems to deliver 145 M777 Ultra Light Howitzers to the Indian Army |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118232752/http://www.india-defence.com/reports/2911 |archive-date=November 18, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8343138.stm |title=South Asia | World's barriers: Pakistan–Iran |publisher=BBC News |date=2009-11-05 |access-date=2013-09-22}}</ref> |- |'''Iran–Afghanistan barrier''' |Iran and Afghanistan |Iran |1992, 2024(Under construction) |30 km built in 1992, 300 km planned to be built, 100 km built so far in 2025 | |<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-hopes-to-boost-security-with-afghan-border-wall/a-69076374 | title=Iran hopes to boost security with Afghan border wall – DW – 05/14/2024 | website=Deutsche Welle }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://amu.tv/150042/ | title=Iran completes 75 kilometers of border wall with Afghanistan | date=10 January 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Iran completes 100 kilometers of border wall with Afghanistan |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=iran+afanistan+wall#ip=1 |access-date=}}</ref> |- |'''Jordan - Syria''' | Jordan and Syria || Jordan || 2015|| 100 km barriers and deep trenches||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/2015/jordan-erects-barrier-on-border-with-syria-and-iraq-to-stop-islamic-state-fighters-21208153 | title=Jordan erects barrier on border with Syria and Iraq to stop Islamic St | date=12 August 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://jordantimes.com/news/local/govt-reaffirms-jordans-commitment-syrias-stability-unity | title=Gov't reaffirms Jordan's commitment to Syria's stability, unity | date=7 December 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amnesty.nl/actueel/jordan-response-to-border-bombing-must-not-include-push-back-of-refugees | title=Jordan: Response to border bombing must not include push-back of refugees }}</ref> |- |'''Israel-West Bank barrier''' |Israel and Palestine |Israel |Partially Completed |708 | |<ref>{{cite web|title = Behind the Wall – Shuafat Refugee Camp|website = Ir Amim |url = http://www.ir-amim.org.il/eng/?CategoryID=330 |url-status = dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120523114441/http://www.ir-amim.org.il/eng/?CategoryID=330 |archive-date=May 23, 2012 }}</ref> |- |'''Israel-Egypt barrier''' |Israel and Egypt |Israel |2013 |245 | | |- |'''Israel-Lebanon barrier''' |Israel and Lebanon |Israel |2018 |11 | || |- |'''Israel-Gaza barrier''' |Israel and Gaza Strip |Israel |1994 |N/A | || |- | '''Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan barrier''' | Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan || Kazakhstan || 2006 || 45 | ||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1072141.html | title=Kazakhstan to Fence Section of Border | work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty | date=2 February 2012 }}</ref> |- |'''Kenya - Somalia barrier''' |Kenya and Somalia |Kenya |2015 (Under construction) |planned 700 km, done only 10–13 km of fence with barbed wire | |<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/kenya-somalia-border-wall-brought-down/ | title=Kenya/Somalia border wall brought down – Kenya News Agency | date=27 April 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://hiiraan.com/news4/2021/May/182502/buffer_zone_on_kenya_somalia_border_takes_shape.aspx | title=Buffer zone on Kenya-Somalia border takes shape }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://nation.africa/kenya/blogs-opinion/opinion/wall-on-somalia-border-not-a-solution-to-insecurity-1086058 | title=Wall on Somalia border not a solution to insecurity | date=4 July 2020 }}</ref> |- | '''Korean Demilitarized Zone''' | North Korea and South Korea || North Korea and United Nations Command || 1953 || 248 | || |- | '''Kruger National Park''' | South Africa and Mozambique || South Africa || 1975 || 120 |89 (Army), over 200 (Various churches)|| |- | '''South Africa–Zimbabwe Border''' | South Africa and Zimbabwe || South Africa || 2000s || 225 | || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.telkomsa.net/leveypa/Kruger/imagepages/Dsc00042.html |title=RSA – Mozambique Border Fence |publisher=Home.telkomsa.net |access-date=2013-09-22 |archive-date=2013-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927175952/http://home.telkomsa.net/leveypa/Kruger/imagepages/Dsc00042.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Monteiro |first=Tania |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12517011.000-hundreds-killed-by-south-africas-border-fence-.html/ |title='Hundreds killed' by South Africa's border fence |publisher=New Scientist |date=1990-01-27 |access-date=2016-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0211_030211_limpopo.html/ |title=Cross-Border Park is Africa's Largest Wildlife Refuge |access-date=September 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523181629/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0211_030211_limpopo.html |archive-date=May 23, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id%3D1%26click_id%3D31%26art_id%3Dvn20050327135740672C194658%2F |title=IOL: News for South Africa and the World |access-date=September 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124235523/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=31&art_id=vn20050327135740672C194658%2F |archive-date=January 24, 2009 }}</ref> |- | '''Kuwait–Iraq barrier''' | Kuwait and Iraq || Kuwait || 1991 || 193 | || |- |'''Latvia–Russia border fence''' |Latvia and Russia || Latvia || 2015 || 90 | || <ref>Jeremy Bender. [http://www.businessinsider.com/latvia-border-fence-russia-2015-12 A nation bordering Russia is building a fence along a third of its border]. ''Business Insider''. Published on December 16, 2015.</ref> |- |'''Libya–Tunisia barrier''' |Libya and Tunisia || Tunisia || 2015 || 200 km barrier - moat and sand wall (out of 500 km of border) | || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://libyaherald.com/2016/02/the-tunisian-border-barrier-with-libya/ | title=The Tunisian border barrier with Libya | date=7 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.voanews.com/a/tunisia-to-build-moat-wall-of-sand-against-terror/2853651.html | title=Tunisia to Build Moat, Wall of Sand Against Terror | date=8 July 2015 }}</ref> |- | '''Lithuania-Belarus barrier''' | Lithuania and Belarus || Lithuania || 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-29 |title=Lithuania completes building fence along border with Belarus |url=https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1768340/lithuania-completes-building-fence-along-border-with-belarus |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=BNS, lrt.lt |language=en}}</ref>|| 502 | || <ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220829-lithuania-completes-belarus-border-fence |title= Lithuania on Monday said it had finished building a fence along its border with Belarus to fight illegal immigration which the West accuses Minsk of orchestrating. |location= Vilnius |date= 2022-08-29 |website= www.france24.com |publisher=France 24 |agency=AFP |access-date= 2023-03-08 |language= en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.rferl.org/a/lithuania-wall-belarus-border-illegal-migrants/32009541.html |title=Lithuania Finishes Building Wall On Belarusian Border To Stem Flow Of Illegal Migrants |author= RFE/RL |date= 2022-08-29 |website= www.rferl.org |publisher= RFE/RL |access-date= 2023-03-08 |language= en}}</ref> |- |'''Lithuania–Russia border fence''' |Lithuania and Russia || Lithuania || 2017 || 130 | || <ref>[https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/lithuania-builds-russian-border-fence-as-nato-boosts-baltic-defences-1.2941948 Lithuania builds Russian border fence as Nato boosts Baltic defences]. ''The Irish Times''. January 18, 2017.</ref> |- | | || || || | || <ref>{{Citation |title=Deployment of Minurso |url=http://www.minurso.unlb.org/MINURSO_Ceasefire.pdf |type=Map |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027155338/http://www.minurso.unlb.org/MINURSO_Ceasefire.pdf |access-date=October 27, 2007 |archive-date=October 27, 2007 |mode=cs1 |url-status=dead |via=minurso.unlb.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/453f1b104.html |title=UNHCR – Western Sahara Atlas Map – June 2006 |website=Unhcr.org |access-date=2016-05-21}}</ref> |- | '''Norway–Russia border barrier''' | Norway and Russia || Norway || 2016 || 0,2 | || <ref name="Osborne">{{cite news|last1=Osborne|first1=Samuel|title=Norway to build border fence with Russia to keep out refugees|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/norway-border-fence-russia-refugees-refugee-crisis-schengen-syria-war-a7208806.html|work=The Independent|date=25 August 2016}}</ref> |- | '''Oman–Yemen''' | Oman and Yemen || Oman|| 2013 || 288 ||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/omans-interests-and-role-in-the-conflict-in-yemen/ | title=Oman's Interests and Role in the Conflict in Yemen | date=3 October 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2019/04/omans-boiling-yemeni-border?lang=en | title=Oman's Boiling Yemeni Border }}</ref> |- | '''Pakistan–Afghanistan barrier''' | Pakistan and Afghanistan || Pakistan || 2017 started || 2,670 | || <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=26761 | title = Pakistan doing all it can in terror war – Musharraf | access-date = 2006-12-03 | date = February 28, 2006 | publisher = Turkish weekly | quote = Washington (Reuters) – Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf said on Monday his country was doing all it could in the U.S.-led war against terrorism and offered to fence and mine its border with Afghanistan to stem Taliban infiltration. "I have been telling Karzai and the United States, 'Let us fence the border and let us mine it.' Today I say it again. Let us mine their entire border. Let us fence it. It's not difficult", Musharraf said, referring to Afghan President Hamid Karzai. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061009092416/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=26761 | archive-date = October 9, 2006 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4761338.stm | title = Musharraf interview: Full transcript | access-date = 2006-12-03 | last = Plett | first = Barbara | date = March 1, 2006 | publisher = BBC News | quote = Now the other thing that I've said: if he thinks everyone is crossing from here, I've been saying let us fence the border and let us also mine the border. We are experts at mining, they should mine the border on their side. We will fence it on our side. If that is all right I am for it, so that they are not allowed to go across at all. And then let us see what is happening in Afghanistan. Why don't they agree to this, I've said this openly many times before, they don't do it, for whatever are their reasons. I know how effective the fence, the Indian fence which is about 1,800 kilometres, and they are fencing the Kashmir mountains also, it is so difficult. Why are they doing that, are they mad, they are spending billions of rupees. Because it is effective. Let's fence this border so that this blame game is killed once for ever. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-183121 | title=Fencing on Durand Line Completed by 98 Percent: Islamabad }}</ref> |- | '''Poland–Belarus barrier''' | Poland and Belarus || Poland || 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=Poland completes 186-kilometre border wall with Belarus |url=https://www.euronews.com/2022/06/30/poland-completes-186-kilometre-border-wall-with-belarus-after-migration-dispute |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=euronews |language=en}}</ref>|| 186 |21<ref>{{Cite web|title=Europe {{!}} Missing Migrants Project|url=https://missingmigrants.iom.int/region/europe?region_incident=4061&route=9911&year%5B%5D=2500|access-date=2021-12-25|website=missingmigrants.iom.int}}</ref>|| <ref>{{cite web |url= https://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/7,114881,27695567,patrzac-na-inne-ploty-fortecy-europa-ten-polski-bedzie-z-rozmachem.html |title= Patrząc na inne płoty fortecy Europa, ten polski będzie z rozmachem. Tak wyglądają pozostałe [ZDJĘCIA] |last= Kucharczyk |first= Maciek |date= 2021-10-16 |website= Gazeta.pl |publisher= |access-date= 2021-10-16 |language= pl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/mur-na-granicy-z-bialorusia-powstanie-rzad-przyjal-projekt-ustawy-6693138192431744a.htmll |title=Mur na granicy z Białorusią powstanie. Rząd przyjął projekt ustawy |author= WZI |date= 2021-10-12 |website= Money.pl |publisher= |access-date= 2021-10-16 |language= pl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1=Huemer | first1=Sarah | title=Polish MPs approve €350M wall on Belarusian border as migrant death toll rises | url=https://www.politico.eu/article/polish-border-migrants-dead-body-found-and-parliament-approves-funding-for-physical-barrier-belarus-lukashenko/ | date=October 14, 2021 | work=Politico | access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1=Porter | first1=Fred | title=oland parliament authorizes border wall with Belarus | url=https://www.jurist.org/news/2021/10/poland-parliament-authorizes-border-wall-with-belarus/ | date=October 16, 2021 | work=Jurist | access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1=Plucinska | first1=Joanna | last2=Pempel | first2=Kacper | title=On the EU's eastern border, Poland builds a fence to stop migrants | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eus-eastern-border-poland-builds-fence-stop-migrants-2021-08-26/ | date=August 26, 2021 | work=Reuters | access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> |- | '''Saudi–Yemen barrier''' | Saudi Arabia and Yemen || Saudi Arabia || 2004 || 75 | || |- | '''Saudi–Iraq barrier''' | Saudi Arabia and Iraq || Saudi Arabia || 2014 || 900 | || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,7374-2126835,00.html/ |url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060929222846/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,7374-2126835,00.html/|archive-date= 29 September 2006|title=Saudis plan to fence off border with chaos|first = Michael|last = Theodoulou |website=Timesonline.co.uk |date=6 April 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Spencer |first=Richard |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/11344116/Revealed-Saudi-Arabias-Great-Wall-to-keep-out-Isil.html |title=Revealed: Saudi Arabia's 'Great Wall' to keep out Isil |publisher=Telegraph |date=2015-01-14 |access-date=2016-05-21}}</ref><ref>[http://infoprod.co.il/main/siteNew/index.php?langId=1&mod=article&action=article&Admin=qwas&stId=275]{{dead link|date=May 2016}}</ref> |- | '''Slovenia–Croatia barrier''' | Slovenia and Croatia || Slovenia || 2016 || 220 | || <ref name=Surk>{{cite news|last1=Surk|first1=Barbara|title=Slovenia Starts Building Border Fence to Stem Flow of Migrants|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/12/world/europe/slovenia-border-fence-migrants-refugees.html|access-date=11 November 2015|work=New York Times|date=11 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=40 kilometres of new fences will be built in Slovenia in 2019|url=https://www.24ur.com/novice/slovenija/novih-40-kilometrov-ograje-v-ilirski-bistrici-kostelu-in-crnomlju.html?bl=1|access-date=28 July 2019|publisher=24ur.com|language=sl}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=One third of south border in fences|url=https://www.24ur.com/novice/slovenija/na-kolpo-dodatnih-3-200-metrov-panelne-ograje.html|access-date=3 March 2020|publisher=24ur|language=sl}}</ref> |- | '''Serbia–North Macedonia barrier''' | Serbia and North Macedonia || Serbia || 2020 || 240 | || <ref>{{cite news|title=RFE: Serbia builds wire fence on border with North Macedonia|url=http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a630957/RFE-Serbia-builds-wire-fence-on-border-with-North-Macedonia.html|access-date=18 August 2020|publisher=N1|website=rs.n1info.com/|language=en|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918134040/http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a630957/RFE-Serbia-builds-wire-fence-on-border-with-North-Macedonia.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | '''Turkey–Syria border barrier''' | Turkey and Syria || Turkey || 2018|| 764 km finished, planned 911 km, 2 m wide, 3 m high concrete structure | || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-syria-border-wall-to-be-completed-by-spring-124303 |title = Turkey-Syria border wall to be completed by spring – Turkey News| date=19 December 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/turkey-installs-764-km-security-wall-on-syria-border/1170257 | title=Turkey installs 764 km security wall on Syria border }}</ref> |- | '''Turkey–Iran border barrier''' | Turkey and Iran || Turkey || Start of construction in 2017 || Planned 295 km, finished as of 2025 170 km | ||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.turkeyanalyst.org/publications/turkey-analyst-articles/item/722-the-border-wall-between-turkey-and-iran-security-at-the-cost-of-the-environment | title=The Border Wall between Turkey and Iran: Security at the Cost of the Environment? }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/turkiye-finishes-building-major-170-km-stretch-of-security-wall-on-border-with-iran/3083406 | title=Türkiye finishes building major 170-km stretch of security wall on border with Iran }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/turkey-eastern-iran-border-to-be-safer-with-modular-wall-system/news | title=Turkey' eastern Iran border to be safer with modular wall system | website=Daily Sabah | date=27 July 2021 }}</ref> |- | '''Turkmenistan – Uzbekistan barrier''' | Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan || Turkmenistan || 2001 || 1,700 | || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rferl.org/a/new-walls-rise-in-europe-iron-curtain-/27214403.html | title=New Walls Rise After Iron Curtain's Fall | work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty | date=31 August 2015 | last1=Synovitz | first1=Ron }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hortidaily.com/article/6033855/border-walls-and-fences-worldwide/ | title=Border walls and fences worldwide | date=12 April 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rferl.org/a/turkmenistan-military-buildup-afghan-border/31366558.html | title=Turkmenistan Continues Military Buildup Near Border Amid Deteriorating Afghan Security | work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty | date=2 August 2021 }}</ref> |- |'''Ukraine Russia/Belorussia barrier''' | Ukraine, Russia and Belarus || Ukraine || Started 2015 - on halt 2022 with Russian invasion || 2,000 | |||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/ukrainian-border-guards-support-extending-european-wall-project-to-border-with-transdniestria-396080.html | title=Ukrainian border guards support extending European Wall project to border with Transdniestria - Aug. 19, 2015 | date=19 August 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/284715.html | title=Ukrainian border guards use almost half of money allocated for European Wall in 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-06 |title=The construction of fortifications in the most dangerous frontline sectors is nearing completion |url=https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/zvedennya-oboronnih-sporud-na-najgaryachishih-napryamkah-nab-90097 |website=President of Ukraine}}</ref> |- | '''United Arab Emirates–Oman barrier''' | United Arab Emirates and Oman || United Arab Emirates || 2018 || 410 | || |- | '''Mexico–United States barrier''' | United States and Mexico || United States || Partially Constructed as of 2025, to be completed by 2029.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bustillo |first=Ximena |date=2025-01-20 |title=Trump signs sweeping actions on immigration and border security on Day 1 |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/01/20/g-s1-43650/trump-inauguration-day-one-immigration |access-date=2025-05-04 |work=NPR |language=en}}</ref>|| 1,749 | || style="width:5em"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/trumpometer/promise/1397/build-wall-and-make-mexico-pay-it/|title=Trump-O-Meter: {{!}} PolitiFact|website=politifact.com|access-date=2020-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Davis|first=Julie Hirschfeld|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/25/us/politics/refugees-immigrants-wall-trump.html|title=Trump Orders Mexican Border Wall to Be Built and Plans to Block Syrian Refugees|date=2017-01-25|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-24|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=New polling proves President Trump is right – 'Americans are #Dreamers, too'|url=https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/372152-new-polling-proves-president-trump-is-right-americans-are-dreamers-too/ |website=The Hill|publisher=News Communication|date=2018-02-03|first= Jen|last =Kerns|quote =61 percent think that current border security is inadequate, and ... 54 percent support a physical barrier }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Most Americans support DACA, but oppose border wall – CBS News poll|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/most-americans-support-daca-but-oppose-border-wall-cbs-news-poll/|website=CBS|date = 20 January 2018|first1=Jennifer|last1= De Pinto|first2= Fred|last2= Backus|first3 = Kabir |last3= Khanna|first4= Anthony|last4= Salvanto|quote = Most Americans ... oppose building a border wall, but seven in 10 Republicans support it.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Most Americans don't support building the wall|url= https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-news-poll-americans-dont-support-building-the-wall/|website=CBS|date = 21 December 2018|first1 =Anthony|last1= Salvanto |first2= Jennifer|last2 = De Pinto|quote= 59 percent of Americans oppose building a wall... A large majority of Republicans support the wall – 79 percent. A majority of independents – 66 percent – oppose the wall, and 84 percent of Democrats are also against it.}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=What The Latest Immigration Polls Do (And Don't) Say |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/01/23/580037717/what-the-latest-immigration-polls-do-and-dont-say/|website=NPR|first = Danielle|last = Kurtzleben|date= 23 January 2018|quote = Given the choice between "open borders" ... and a "secure border," 79 percent of Americans agreed that the U.S. needs "secure borders." ... In a different poll, 58 percent of Americans support "building a combination of physical and electronic barriers across the U.S.-Mexico border."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/latest-news-updates/government-shutdown-2019|title=Government Shutdown 2019|website=Politico|language=en|access-date=2020-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Baker|first=Peter|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/15/us/politics/national-emergency-trump.html|title=Trump Declares a National Emergency, and Provokes a Constitutional Clash|date=2019-02-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-24|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Pew">{{cite web |last1=Gramlich |first1=John |title=How Americans see illegal immigration, the border wall and political compromise |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/16/how-americans-see-illegal-immigration-the-border-wall-and-political-compromise/ |website=Pew Research Center |date=16 January 2019 |access-date=1 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="Gallup Poll">{{cite web |last1=Norman |first1=Jim |title=Solid Majority Still Opposes New Construction on Border Wall |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/246455/solid-majority-opposes-new-construction-border-wall.aspx |website=Gallup News |date=4 February 2019 |publisher=Gallup |access-date=1 August 2019}}</ref> |- | '''Uzbek–Afghanistan barrier''' | Uzbekistan and Afghanistan || Uzbekistan || 2001 || 209 | || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rferl.org/a/afghans-pushed-out-fenced-neighbors/32868652.html | title=Afghans Pushed Out, Fenced in by Once-Accommodating Neighbors | work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty | last1=Scollon | first1=Michael | date=19 March 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QBuqpwAACAAJ | title=Afghanistan-Uzbekistan Barrier | isbn=978-613-9-98095-6 | last1=Trev | first1=Nuadha | date=5 December 2011 | publisher=Lect }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://thediplomat.com/2024/09/uzbekistans-approach-to-afghanistan-in-the-context-of-strengthening-regional-security/ | title=Uzbekistan's Approach to Afghanistan in the Context of Strengthening Regional Security }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.sky.com/story/afghanistan-barbed-wire-borders-and-the-desert-of-death-the-dangerous-escape-routes-facing-refugees-fleeing-the-taliban-12398215 | title=Afghanistan: Barbed wire borders and the 'Desert of Death' - the dangerous escape routes facing refugees fleeing the Taliban }}</ref> |- | '''Uzbek–Kyrgyzstan barrier''' | Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan || Uzbekistan || 1999 || 870 | ||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/field-reports/item/11874-field-reports-caci-analyst-2009-7-1-art-11874.html | title=Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan: Building a Wall }}</ref> |- |'''Hong Kong-China barrier and Forts''' |Hong Kong and mainland China||United Kingdom and Hong Kong || 1950s, 1962 updated, || 33 km || ||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ceas.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/ShenKong%20Borderlands_Bib.pdf | title=Council on East Asian Studies }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mok |first=Aaron |date=2019 |title=Hong Kong's Border Regime and its Role in National So der Regime and its Role in National Sovereignty |url=https://orb.binghamton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=alpenglowjournal |journal=Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal |volume=5 |issue=1 |article-number=12}}</ref> |- |'''(Gibraltar) United Kingdom-Spain barrier''' |(Gibraltar) United Kingdom and Spain |United Kingdom and Gibraltar || 1909 || 1.24 || ||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newstatesman.com/newstatesman-gibraltar/2014/04/pictures-story-gibraltarspanish-border | title=In pictures: The story of the Gibraltar/Spanish border | date=22 April 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Canessa |first=Andrew |date=2023-07-28 |title=Borders, boots, and Brexit: What’s behind the Gibraltar and Spain impasse? |url=https://ukandeu.ac.uk/borders-boots-and-brexit/ |website=UK in a Changing Europe}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://thediplomatinspain.com/en/2024/10/10/albares-hopes-that-uk-will-accept-the-agreement-on-gibraltar-before-november-10/ | title=Albares hopes that UK will accept the agreement on Gibraltar before November 10 | date=10 October 2024 }}</ref> |- |'''Ethiopia–Eritrea barrier''' |Ethiopia and Eritrea || Ethiopia and Eritrea || 1990s–2000s || ? || || |}
==Border barriers in history== [[Image:Limes and borders.gif|thumb|Map of the Roman Empire, along with locations of ''limes'']] [[File:GreatWallChina4.png|thumb|The extent of the Ming dynasty and its walls, which formed most of what is called the Great Wall of China today]]
===Antiquity=== *Antonine Wall (began in AD 142 by the Roman province in Britain) *Anastasian Wall (built from AD 469, west of Constantinople) * Great Wall of China (parts were built as early as the 7th century BC by the Qi dynasty in China) *Great Wall of Gorgan (built in 5th or 6th century AD) *Hadrian's Wall (begun in AD 122) *Madukkarai Wall (may have been built as early as the 1st century AD in India) * Southern Great Wall, southern counterpart wall to the Great Wall, erected to protect and divide the Chinese from the "southern barbarians" called Miao (meaning barbaric and nomadic)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Hmong: Part 1 Legend and History|author=Learned, J.G.|website=North-by-North-East.com|url=http://www.north-by-north-east.com/articles/04_04_1.asp |access-date=September 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208155406/http://www.north-by-north-east.com/articles/04_04_1.asp |archive-date=December 8, 2010 }}</ref>
===Middle Ages=== *Cheolli Jangseong *The fortifications, castles and border walls between the Emirate of Granada and the Crown of Castile, later Spain between 1238 and 2 January 1492 although it continued as the internal border of the Crown of Castile, then Spain as Kingdom of Granada from 2 January 1492 to 29 September 1833. A large part of the fortifications, castles and walls is currently in good condition. *Asilah: The King Alfonso V of Portugal built walls on the outskirts of the city of Asilah, serving as a border between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Marinid dynasty (1471–1472), the Saadi Sultanate (1472–1550), the Wattasid dynasty (1577–1589), in the area of the sea there are still cannons next to a Portuguese square tower. Currently the Wall is in good condition. *Macau: Ming dynasty (currently China) built a wall around Macau in 1570.
===Early modern period=== *Great Hedge of India, built by the British in 1803 *The border forts between the Captaincy General of Chile later Chile and the Mapuche territory that served as the border between the two from 1598 to 1883, which was delimited mainly by the Biobío river, the route passed through the Province of Biobío, Region of Biobío and the Region of Araucanía. *Zanja de Alsina, built in the 1870s along the southern frontier of Argentina *The points, forts and border barriers that functioned between the French Conchinchina and the Nguyễn dynasty that functioned between 1862 and 1887.
===Defunct barriers in modern times=== *The posts and barriers between Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory and Qing dynasty later China between 1898 and 1914 and later served as the border between the Empire of Japan and the China, that worked between November 7, 1914, and December 10, 1922, and reoccupied in the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 and 1945. *The posts and border barriers between Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan and Qing dynasty later China that worked between 1898 and 1945. *The Czechoslovak border fortifications and fortified defensive lines built between 1935 and 1938 as a defensive countermeasure against the rising threat of Nazi Germany. *The Maginot Line, built between 1929 and 1938 by France on the French–German border as a defensive structure. *The border posts and barriers between the (Empire of Japan) through the (Karafuto Prefecture) and the (Russian Empire after Russian SSR after USSR) through the Sakhalin Oblast that operated between 5 September 1907 and 25 August 1945. *The border posts, forts and walls between the Russian Dalian (Russian Empire) and the Qing dynasty between 27 March 1898 – 5 September 1905 and between the Kwantung Leased Territory (Empire of Japan) and the (Qing dynasty 5 September 1905 – 10 October 1911 and the Republic of China 10 October 1911 – 1932), later Manchukuo (1932 – 14 August 1945) later by the USSR as the Soviet occupation of Manchuria between August 14, 1945, and May 3, 1946, when it was returned to the Republic of China. *The posts, forts and border barriers that operated between the British Burma (1824–1858, 1947–1948) later British Raj through the province of British Burma and French Indochina, Kingdom of Siam and Qing dynasty later China). *The frontier posts, forts and barriers that operated between the colony and overseas territory of the French India and (Mughal Empire after Maratha Empire after Company Rule in India after British Raj after India) which operated between 1664 and 1 November 1954. *The posts, forts and border barriers between Finland and the former Soviet Union, in the Hanko peninsula (1940–1941) and in the Porkkala peninsula (1945–1956). *The frontier posts, forts and barriers that operated between the colony and overseas province of the Portuguese India and (Mughal Empire after Bijapur Sultanate after Maratha Empire after Company Rule in India after British Raj after India) which functioned between 15 August 1505 and 19 December 1961. *The coastal posts, forts and walls that were in Dutch New Guinea (27 December 1949 – 1 October 1962) after United Nations Provisional Executive Authority (1 October 1962 – 1 May 1963) and served to ward off the United States of Indonesia (27 December 1949 – 17 August 1950) and after Indonesia (17 August 1950 – 1 May 1963). *The frontier posts, forts and barriers that operated between the colony and overseas province of the Portuguese Timor, (Independent East Timor between November 1975 to December 7, 1975) and (Dutch East Indies (15 August 1702 – 27 December 1949) later United States of Indonesia (27 December 1949 – 17 August 1950) later Indonesia (17 August 1950 – 7 December 1975) which functioned between 15 August 1702 and 7 December 1975, the border continues to function but is currently free passage. *The border posts, forts and barriers between the (Panama Canal Zone) United States and Panama in operation between November 18, 1903, until October 1, 1979, partially and totally the July 1, 1999. *The former Soviet Union had a security barrier (see С-175 "curtain") along its entire border from Norway and Finland to North Korea and China. The barrier also existed along to direct border to Soviet allies, e.g. Poland. In Europe, the more than {{convert|1,000|km}} long direct border between the Soviet Union and Finland/Norway was of particular importance during the Cold War. Along the Finnish border, the barrier was not so well guarded however since Finland agreed to send back all Soviet citizens who escaped.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}} The fence was located a few kilometers (miles) from the border, and still partly remains. Russian law still forbids crossing the border outside of a border station. [[File:Zum Kubat-Dreieck, Mauer am Potsdamer Platz.jpg|thumb|Berlin Wall, 1988.]] *Iron Curtain in Europe and Asia: apart from the direct border between the former Soviet Union and Norway/Finland, this former barrier includes: ** Berlin Wall ** Inner German border ** Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone ** German–Czech Border ** Inner Yemen border
===Other=== * Danevirke * Gates of Alexander * Götavirke * Limes Germanicus * Limes Saxoniae * Offa's Dyke * Willow Palisade * Zasechnaya cherta
==See also== * Buffer zone * Canada–United States border * Canal * Citadel * Defense line * Peace lines * Demilitarised zone * Defensive walls * List of cities with defensive walls * List of fortifications * List of walls * Second Amendment sanctuary * Fences in Rio de Janeiro
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Boundary walls}} *{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/world/international-walls.html |title=Around Globe, Walls Spring Up to Divide Neighbors|agency= Reuters|date= April 30, 2007}} *{{cite web|url= http://subtopia.blogspot.com/2007/04/border-to-border-wall-to-wall-fence-to.html |title=Border to Border, Wall to Wall, Fence to Fence|website=Subtopia}} *{{cite web|url= http://www.erasmuspc.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=181&Itemid=83 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120206221142/http://www.erasmuspc.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=181&Itemid=83 |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2012-02-06 |title= CityWalls |website= Erasmuspc}} *{{cite news|url= https://www.pbs.org/now/shows/527/index.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090704203744/http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/527/index.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= July 4, 2009 |title=Obama's Border Fence|work= NOW |publisher= PBS|date= July 3, 2009}} *{{cite news|url= https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200503/cutler|title= Security Fences|work=The Atlantic Monthly}}
{{Fortifications}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Border barrier}} Category:Border barriers Category:Borders Category:Fences Category:Fortifications by type Category:Types of wall Category:Human migration Category:Physical security Category:Political geography