Board foot

{{short description|Unit of measurement}} {{Infobox Unit | name = board foot | image = | caption = | standard = | quantity = Volume | symbol = FBM | namedafter = | units1 = SI base units | inunits1 = ≈{{cvt|1|bdft|m3|9|disp=out}} | units2 = US Customary | inunits2 ={{frac|12}} ft3 }} The '''board foot''' or '''board-foot''' is a unit of measurement for the volume of lumber in the United States and Canada.<ref>[https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-96-317/page-1.html Board foot]</ref> It equals the volume of a board that is {{convert|1|ft|cm|spell=in|sigfig=3}} in length, one foot in width, and {{convert|1|in|cm|spell=in|sigfig=3}} in thickness, or exactly {{val|2.359737216}} liters. Board foot can be abbreviated as FBM (for "foot, board measure"), BDFT, or BF. A thousand board feet can be abbreviated as '''MFBM''', MBFT, or MBF. Similarly, a million board feet can be abbreviated as '''MMFBM''', MMBFT, or MMBF.

Until the 1970s, in Australia and New Zealand, the terms '''super foot''' and '''superficial foot''' were used with the same meaning.<ref>{{cite web | last = Rowlett | first = Russ | title = How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement | url=https://www.ibiblio.org/units/dictS.html | access-date = 2007-01-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Burger |first=Les |title=Cutting Timber on Springbrook in 1935 |url=http://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/t_standard.aspx?PID=3398 |access-date=2007-11-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917200345/https://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/t_standard.aspx?PID=3398 |archive-date=September 17, 2007 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917200345/https://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/t_standard.aspx?PID=3398 |date=2007-09-17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Holgate | first = Alan | title = The Bendigo Monier Arch Bridges. | url = http://home.vicnet.net.au/~aholgate/jm/texts/bgobrshist.html | access-date = 2007-11-06 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070702205423/http://home.vicnet.net.au/~aholgate/jm/texts/bgobrshist.html | archive-date = 2007-07-02 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702205423/http://home.vicnet.net.au/~aholgate/jm/texts/bgobrshist.html |date=2007-07-02 }}</ref>

==Description== One board foot equals: * 1 ft × 1 ft × 1 in * 12 in × 12 in × 1 in * 12 ft × 1 in × 1 in * 144 in3 * {{frac|1|12}} ft3 * ≈ {{convert|1|bdft|cm3|sigfig=4|abbr=none|sp=us|lk=out|disp=out}} * ≈ {{convert|1|bdft|L|sigfig=4|abbr=none|sp=us|lk=out|disp=out}} * ≈ {{convert|1|bdft|m3|sigfig=4|abbr=none|sp=us|lk=out|disp=out}} or steres * {{frac|1|1980}} Petrograd Standard of board

==Usage== thumb|right|A common two by four board The board foot is used to measure both rough (unprocessed) lumber and planed (surfaced) lumber. Rough lumber is measured before drying and planing, using its full sawn dimensions. Planed lumber, such as standard softwood "two by four" boards sold at retail, is measured using nominal dimensions—typically {{convert|2|x|4|inch|mm|round=5}}—even though the actual size is only about {{convert|1+1/2|x|3+1/2|in|mm|abbr=on}} after processing. Despite the reduction in size due to drying and planing, nominal dimensions are still used when calculating board feet for surfaced softwood lumber. This convention simplifies pricing and standardization but may result in board footage values that do not reflect the true volume of wood in the final product. Essentially, the nominal dimensions assume a larger volume than the actual board contains, which is especially relevant when estimating material needs or costs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board Footage Calculator for Lumber Measurements |url=https://todayshomeowner.com/woodworking/guides/board-foot-calculator/ |website=Today’s Homeowner |last=Sluga |first=Doug |date=March 21, 2025 |access-date=April 25, 2025 }}</ref> For planed lumber, board footage is calculated using the nominal width and thickness, and the actual length of the board. This reflects the lumber's original rough size before drying and surfacing. For rough lumber, board footage is calculated using the actual width, thickness, and length of the board.

See dimensional lumber for a full explanation of nominal versus actual dimensions. Briefly, for softwoods: * Subtract {{convert|1/4|in|mm|0}} from nominal sizes under 2 inches, * Subtract {{convert|1/2|in|mm|0}} from nominal sizes between 2 and 8 inches, * Subtract {{convert|3/4|in|mm|0}} for nominal sizes over 8 inches.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Softwood Lumber - Dimensions |url=https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/softwood-lumber-dimensions-d_1452.html |website=The Engineering ToolBox |access-date=April 25, 2025 }}</ref>

The system is less complex for hardwoods, because actual board measurements are used.

Board feet can also be used a measure for the volume of logs, namely the estimated total volume of lumber that will result once a sawlog is processed on a sawmill. A variety of formulas and tables, for instance the Doyle Log Rule, exist to calculate this for a log based on its diameter and length, taking into account taper, saw kerf, and waste from cutting. <ref name="utenn-logscales">{{cite web |last1=Bond |first1=Brian |title=Understanding Log Scales and Rules |url=https://www.shelbycountytn.gov/DocumentCenter/View/1102/Understanding-Log-Scales-and-Log-Rules?bidId= |publisher=University of Tennessee (Agricultural Extension Service) |access-date=2 September 2025}}</ref>

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== * [https://www.woodweb.com/knowledge_base/What_is_a_Board_Foot.html Explanation of Board Foot by Professor Eugene Wengert] * [https://woodmizer.com/us/learning-center/what-is-a-board-foot Formulas for Calculating Board Footage]

Category:Units of volume Category:Customary units of measurement in the United States Category:Logging Category:Wood