{{Short description|Family of fishes}} {{Redirect|Bigeye||Bigeye tuna}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Bigeyes | image = Priacanthus cruentatus.jpg | image_caption = Glasseye, ''Heteropriacanthus cruentatus'' | taxon = Priacanthidae | authority = Günther, 1859<ref name = VDLEF>{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp |year=2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | url = https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3882.1.1/10480 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue =2 | pages = 001–230| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 | pmid = 25543675 | doi-access = free }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = see text }}
The '''Priacanthidae''', the '''bigeyes''', are a family of 18 species of marine ray-finned fishes. "Catalufa"<!--intentional link to DAB page--> is an alternate common name for some members of the Priacanthidae. The etymology of the scientific name ({{transliteration|grc|prioo-}}, to bite + {{transliteration|grc|akantha}}, thorn) refers to the family's very rough, spined scales. The common name of "bigeye" refers to the member species' unusually large eyes, suited to their carnivorous and nocturnal lifestyles. Priacanthidae are typically colored bright red, but some have patterns in silver, dusky brown, or black. Most species reach a maximum total length of about {{convert|30|cm|abbr=on}}, although in a few species lengths of over {{convert|50|cm|abbr=on}} are known.
Most members of this family are native to tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, but four species (''Cookeolus japonicus'', ''Heteropriacanthus cruentatus'', ''Priacanthus arenatus'', and ''Pristigenys alta'') are found in the Atlantic. They tend to live near rock outcroppings or reefs, although a few are known to inhabit open waters. Many species are found in relatively deep waters, below depths reachable by normal scuba diving. Some species are fished for food.
The earliest identified Priacanthidae fossils date to the middle Eocene epoch of the lower Tertiary period, or roughly 40 to 50 million years ago.
==Species== [[Image:Crescent-tail bigeye, Priacanthus hamrur at Little Brother, Red Sea, Egypt SCUBA 2.jpg|thumb|Moontail bullseye, ''Priacanthus hamrur'']] [[Image:Fish3937 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg|thumb|Short bigeye, ''Pristigenys alta'']] [[File:Bigeye1.JPG|thumb|right|Paeony bulleye (''Priacanthus blochii'') from the Red Sea]] [[File:Priacanthus macracanthus (Red Bigeye) from the Philippines.jpg|thumb|Red bigeye (''Priacanthus macracanthus'') in a Philippine fish market]] The 18 species in four genera are: * Genus ''Cookeolus'' <small>Fowler, 1928</small> **''Cookeolus japonicus'' <small>(Cuvier, 1829)</small> - Longfinned bullseye **†''Cookeolus spinolacrymatus'' <small>Kon & Yoshino, 1997</small> * Genus ''Heteropriacanthus'' <small>Fitch & Crooke, 1984</small> **''Heteropriacanthus cruentatus'' <small>(Lacépède, 1801)</small> - Glasseye * Genus ''Priacanthus'' <small>Oken, 1817</small> **''Priacanthus alalaua'' <small>Jordan & Evermann, 1903</small> - Alalaua ** ''Priacanthus arenatus'' <small>Cuvier, 1829</small> - Atlantic bigeye ** ''Priacanthus blochii'' <small>Bleeker, 1853</small> - Paeony bulleye ** ''Priacanthus fitchi'' <small>Starnes, 1988</small> ** ''Priacanthus hamrur'' <small>(Forsskål, 1775)</small> - Moontail bullseye ** ''Priacanthus macracanthus'' <small>Cuvier, 1829</small> - Red bigeye ** ''Priacanthus meeki'' <small>Jenkins, 1903</small> - Hawaiian bigeye ** ''Priacanthus nasca'' <small>Starnes, 1988</small> ** ''Priacanthus prolixus'' <small>Starnes, 1988</small> - Elongate bulleye ** ''Priacanthus sagittarius'' <small>Starnes, 1988</small> - Arrow bulleye ** ''Priacanthus tayenus'' <small>Richardson, 1846</small> - Purple-spotted bigeye ** ''Priacanthus zaiserae'' <small>Starnes & Moyer, 1988</small> ** † ''Priacanthus liui'' <small>Tao, 1993</small> * Genus ''Pristigenys'' <small>Agassiz 1835</small> ** ''Pristigenys alta'' <small>(Gill, 1862)</small> - Short bigeye ** ''Pristigenys meyeri'' <small>(Günther, 1872)</small> ** ''Pristigenys niphonia'' <small>(Cuvier, 1829)</small> - Japanese bigeye ** ''Pristigenys serrula'' <small>(Gilbert, 1891)</small> - Popeye catalufa ** {{extinct}}''Pristigenys substriatus'' <small>(Blainville, 1818)</small>
==Timeline of genera==
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Period = from:-66 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-66 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-66 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify
Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2
bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era
PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -66 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:eratop from: -66 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left
color:eocene bar:NAM1 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Pristigenys color:oligocene bar:NAM2 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Priacanthus
PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
bar:period from: -66 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:era from: -66 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
</timeline>
==References== {{Commons category|Priacanthidae}} {{Reflist}} * {{FishBase family | family = Priacanthidae | month = January | year = 2006}} * {{cite journal | last = Sepkoski | first = Jack | title = A compendium of fossil marine animal genera | journal = Bulletins of American Paleontology | volume = 364 |page=560 | year = 2002 | url = http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class | access-date = 2011-05-19 }}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q578926}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Priacanthidae Category:Taxa named by Albert Günther Category:Acanthuriformes families