Bandish

{{Short description|Music genre}} {{Other uses}} '''Bandish''', '''cheez''' or '''gat'''<ref>{{Cite book | author=Bagchee, Sandeep | title=Nād: Understanding Rāga Music | year=1998 | publisher=BPI (India) PVT Ltd | isbn=81-86982-07-8 | pages=328}}</ref> is a fixed, melodic composition in Hindustani vocal or instrumental music.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sadarang.com/glossary1.htm |title=Glossary |access-date=2009-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801182740/http://www.sadarang.com/glossary1.htm |archive-date=2009-08-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is set in a specific raga, performed with rhythmic accompaniment by a tabla or pakhawaj, a steady drone, and melodic accompaniment by a sarangi, violin or harmonium. There are different ways of systematizing the parts of a composition. A bandish provides the literature element in the music, for standard structured singing. In the past many gharanas protected their bandishes from moving out of the family with gross incoherent vocal renditions.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20030422132427/http://hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/03/stories/2003030300530200.htm Article Title]}}</ref> In the realm of vocal music, it is often known as ''cheez''.<ref name="Ranade2006"/>

==Etymology== The word ''bandish'' is derived from the Hindustani language, and literally means "binding together".<ref name="Ranade2006">{{cite book|author=Ashok Damodar Ranade|title=Music Contexts: A Concise Dictionary of Hindustani Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cFwbGi3oBHgC&pg=PA71|access-date=20 July 2013|date=2006|publisher=Bibliophile South Asia|isbn=978-81-85002-63-7|pages=71–}}</ref>

==Sections== ''Sthāyī'' or ''Asthāyī'': The initial, Rondo phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition.

''Antarā'': The second body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition.

''Sanchāri'': The third body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition, seen more typically in Dhrupad bandishes.

''Aabhog'': The fourth and concluding body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition, seen more typically in Dhrupad bandishes.

==Tempo== There are three variations of Bandish, regarding tempo:

''Vilambit Bandish'': A slow and steady melodic composition, usually in Largo to Adagio speeds.

''Madhyalaya Bandish'': A medium tempo melodic composition, usually set in Andante to Allegretto speeds.

''Drut Bandish'': A fast tempo melodic composition, usually set to Allegretto speed, and onwards.

== Selected Bandish Compositions == {| class="wikitable" !Bandish !Language !Rāg !Lay !Tāl !Composer !Singer !Remarks !Publisher / Label !Ref. |- |''Giridhar gopal shyam'' |Hindi |Bhimsen |Vilambit &''Madhyalaya Bandish'' |Roopak |Mahesh Mahadev |Jayateerth Mevundi |Bandish on Lord Venkateshwara |PM Audios & Entertainments |<ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=Mahesh Mahadev's Raag Bhimsen {{!}} Giridhar Gopal Shyam {{!}} Jayateerth Mevundi {{!}} Hindustani Classical | date=3 February 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNktM7E6XVM |language=en |access-date=2023-02-05}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Bharatiya Samagana Sabha |url=http://archive.org/details/saamagana-indian-classical-music-magazine-july-2018 |title=Saamagana Indian Classical Music Magazine July 2018 - India's Monthly Classical Music Magazine |date=2018-07-09}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Citation |last=Hungama |title=Mahesh Mahadev's Raag Bhimsen |url=https://www.hungama.com/album/mahesh-mahadev-s-raag-bhimsen/100343769/ |language=en |access-date=2023-02-15}}</ref> |- |''he mhare rajendra'' ''mana mohyo'' |Hindi |Dhanashree |''Vilambit Bandish'' |Trital |Vilayat Hussain Khan |Vilayat Hussain Khan | | | |- |''Aaj More Man Lago'' |Hindi |Gujri Todi |''Madhyalaya Bandish'' |Teen | |Bhimsen Joshi | |Venus Worldwide Entertainment Pvt.Ltd. |<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Pt Bhimsen Joshi {{!}}Classical Raga Series-Vocal {{!}} Raag - Gujri Todi & Bhimpalas {{!}} Hindustani Classical | date=19 March 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_corKxCBBU |language=en |access-date=2023-02-07}}</ref> |- |''Begun Gun Gave'' |Hindi |Gujri Todi |''Drut Bandish'': |Teen | |Bhimsen Joshi | |Venus Worldwide Entertainment Pvt.Ltd. |<ref name=":0" /> |- |''Ab to Badi Der Bhaila'' |Hindi |Bhimpalasi |''Vilambit Bandish'' |Teen | |Bhimsen Joshi | |Venus Worldwide Entertainment Pvt.Ltd. |<ref name=":0" /> |- |''Brij Mein Dhoom Machaye Kanha'' |Hindi |Bhimpalasi |''Drut Bandish'': |Teen | |Bhimsen Joshi | |Venus Worldwide Entertainment Pvt.Ltd. |<ref name=":0" /> |- |''Dijyo Badhai Sab Mil Aaj'' |Hindi |Bhatiyar |''Vilambit Bandish'' |Teen |Shankar Abhyankar |Sanjeev Abhyankar & Devaki Pandit | |Fountain Music Company |<ref>{{Citation |title=Raga Bhatiyar, Dijyo Badhai Sab Mil Aaj by Sanjeev Abhyankar |date=2013-12-26 |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/raga-bhatiyar-dijyo-badhai-sab-mil-aaj/805424157?i=805424161 |language=en-GB |access-date=2023-02-07}}</ref> |- |''Man Ke Mandir Aayo Re'' |Hindi |Bhimsen |''Drut Bandish'' |Teen |Mahesh Mahadev |Jayateerth Mevundi |Bandish on Lord Venkateshwara |PM Audios & Entertainments |<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Citation |title=Man Ke Mandir Aayo Re by Jayateerth Mevundi & Mahesh Mahadev |date=2023-02-04 |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/man-ke-mandir-aayo-re/1670073169?i=1670073171 |language=en-GB |access-date=2023-02-27}}</ref> |}

==See also== *{{Portal-inline|India}} *{{Portal-inline|Music}}

==References== {{Reflist|2}}

Category:Indian styles of music Category:Hindustani music genres Category:Musical form Category:Hindustani music terminology