{{Short description|Species of bird}} {{Speciesbox | image = Banded Kingfisher 0A2A0498.jpg | image_caption = A male, in Sumatra, Indonesia | image2 = Lacedo pulchella -Thialand -female (8360430137).jpg | image2_caption = A female in Thailand <br /> {{Plainlist | *centre *Calls captured at the Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand}} | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Lacedo pulchella'' |volume=2016 |article-number=e.T22726905A94935347 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22726905A94935347.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> | genus = Lacedo | parent_authority = Reichenbach, 1851 | species = pulchella | authority = (Horsfield, 1821) | subdivision_ranks = Subspecies | subdivision_ref = <ref>Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v10.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2.</ref> | subdivision = * ''L. p. amabilis'' - (Hume, 1873) * ''L. p. pulchella'' - (Horsfield, 1821) * ''L. p. melanops'' - (Bonaparte, 1850) }}
The '''banded kingfisher''' ('''''Lacedo pulchella''''') is a tree kingfisher found in lowland tropical forests of southeast Asia. It is the only member of the genus '''''Lacedo'''''. Male and female adults are very different in plumage. The male has a bright blue crown with black and blue banding on the back. The female has rufous and black banding on the head and upperparts.
==Taxonomy== The first formal description of the species was by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield in 1821 under the binomial name ''Dacelo pulchella''.<ref name=peters5>{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1945 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 5 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=189 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480200 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite journal | last=Horsfield | first=Thomas | author-link=Thomas Horsfield | year=1821 | title=Systematic arrangement and description of birds from the island of Java | journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London | volume=13 | issue=1 | page=175 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/754908 }}</ref> The current genus ''Lacedo'' was introduced by the German ornithologist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1851.<ref name=peters5/><ref>{{ cite book | last=Reichenbach | first=Ludwig | author-link=Ludwig Reichenbach | year=1851 | title=Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie | publisher=Expedition der Vollständigsten Naturgeschichte | place=Dresden and Leipzig | page=41 | language=de | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47722734 }}</ref> The word ''Lacedo'' is an anagram of ''Alcedo'', the Latin word for kingfisher. The specific name ''pulchella'' is Latin for "very pretty".<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A. | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n217 217], 324}}</ref>
There are three subspecies:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2016 | title=Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers | work=World Bird List Version 6.3 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/rollers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=25 September 2016 }}</ref><ref name=fry>{{cite book |last1=Fry |first1=C. H. |last2=Fry |first2=Kathie |last3=Harris |first3=Alan |year=1999 |title=Kingfishers, Bee-eaters and Rollers |location=London |publisher=Christopher Helm |isbn=978-0-7136-5206-2 | pages=127–128 }}</ref> *''L. p. pulchella'', the nominate race, breeds in Malaysia south of 7°N and on the islands of Sumatra and Java. *''L. p. amabilis'' breeds from northern Malaysia northwards. It is slightly larger than the nominate form. The male has a blue nape, and the female is more rufous than ''pulchella''. *''L. p. melanops'' breeds in Bangka and Borneo. The male has a black forehead, cheeks and nape.
==Description== The banded kingfisher is {{convert|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} long with a sturdy red bill and a short crest which is slowly raised and lowered. It shows striking sexual dimorphism compared to most of its relatives. The adult male has a chestnut forehead, cheeks and nape, and a bright blue cap. The rest of the upperparts, wings and tail are black with blue bands. The breast, flanks and undertail are rufous, and the central belly is white.<ref name=hbwalive>{{cite book| last1=Woodall | first1=P.F. | last2=Kirwan | first2=G.M. | chapter=Banded Kingfisher (''Lacedo pulchella'') | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | title=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | date=2021 | publisher=Lynx Edicions | doi=10.2173/bow.bankin1.02 | chapter-url=http://www.hbw.com/node/55738 | access-date=30 September 2016}}{{subscription required}}</ref>
The adult female is equally striking, with black-and-rufous-banded upperparts, and white underparts with some black bars on the chest and flanks. Young birds are duller than the adult of the same sex, have a brown and orange bill, and dusky barring on the underparts.<ref name=hbwalive/>
The call is a long whistled ''wheeeoo'' followed by 15 repetitions of ''chiwiu'' in 17 seconds, the second syllable gradually fading away. The banded kingfisher will respond to imitations of its call.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ericsson |first=Peter |date=30 March 2022 |title=Xeno Canto (XC712183) - Banded Kingfisher/Lacedo pulchella |url=https://xeno-canto.org/712183|publisher=Xeno-Canto}}</ref>
==Distribution and habitat== The species occurs in Myanmar, Thailand,<ref>{{cite book |last=Robson |first=Craig |year=2002 |title=A Field Guide to the Birds of Thailand |location=London |publisher=New Holland |isbn=1-84330-921-1 }}</ref> Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and Brunei. It is rare in Java, very rare in Sumatra and extinct in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |title=Banded Kingfisher |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22726905/263965794 |publisher=IUCN}}</ref>
==Behaviour== This is a bird of lowland rainforest found up to 1,700 m in Brunei, but normally below 1100 m altitude in the rest of its range. Unlike most kingfishers, it does not need pools or streams in its territory.<ref name=fry/>
The nest is a hole in a rotting tree trunk, or sometimes in the spherical nest of tree termites. Two to five white eggs are laid. In Thailand the eggs are laid between February and May.<ref name=fry/>
The banded kingfisher hunts large insects and occasionally small lizards, usually taken in the trees, but sometimes from the ground.
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Lacedo pulchella}} {{Wikispecies|Lacedo pulchella}} *[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/pictures/Lacedo_pulchella.html Image at ADW]
{{Halcyoninae}} {{Cavitaves|K.|state=collapsed}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2461994}}
banded kingfisher Category:Birds of Southeast Asia banded kingfisher