Autonomous administrative division

{{Short description|Designation for an administrative territorial entity}} {{About|subnational administrative divisions which enjoy some degree of autonomy under the national government|external territories which enjoy a greater degree of autonomy from their parent state and function as ''de facto'' independent political entities|Dependent territory}}

An '''autonomous administrative division''' (also referred to as an '''autonomous area''', '''autonomous zone''', '''autonomous entity''', '''autonomous unit''', '''autonomous region''', '''autonomous subdivision''', '''autonomous province''', or '''autonomous territory''') is a subnational administrative division or internal territory of a sovereign state that has a degree of autonomy—self-governance—under the national government. Autonomous areas are distinct from other constituent units of a federation (e.g. a state, or province) in that they possess unique powers for their given circumstances. Typically, it is either geographically distinct from the rest of the state or populated by a national minority, which may exercise home rule. Decentralization of self-governing powers and functions to such divisions is a way for a national government to try to increase democratic participation or administrative efficiency or to defuse internal conflicts. States that include autonomous areas may be federacies, federations, or confederations. Autonomous areas can be divided into territorial autonomies, subregional territorial autonomies, and local autonomies.

==List of major autonomous areas== {{See also|List of autonomous areas by country}} {| width="100%" class="wikitable sortable" |+ !width="160px"| Division !width="200px"|State !|Notes |- | {{Flagicon|Azad Kashmir}} Azad Kashmir | Controlled by: {{Flag|Pakistan}} Claimed by: {{Flag|India}} | Azad Kashmir is a self-governing polity which has not been formally annexed by Pakistan. It was established after a rebellion against the Maharajah of Kashmir, and the subsequent First Kashmir War.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Azad Kashmir | Meaning, History, Population, & Government | Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Azad-Kashmir}}</ref> It is located within the historic Kashmir region, which is disputed between India, Pakistan and China. |- |{{plainlist| * {{flagicon image|Flag placeholder.svg}} Northern Ireland * {{flag|Scotland}} * {{flag|Wales}} }} | {{Flag|United Kingdom}} | Three of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, namely Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, each have an elected, devolved legislature which has the ability to legislate in devolved matters. The Parliament of the United Kingdom which retains sovereignty (the United Kingdom is a unitary state), can dissolve the devolved legislatures at any time, and legislates in matters that are not devolved, as well as having the capacity to legislate in areas that are devolved (by constitutional convention, without the agreement of the devolved legislature). Formerly, both Scotland and England were fully sovereign states. |- |{{plainlist| * {{flag|Faroe Islands}} * {{flag|Greenland}}<ref name=territory/> }} | {{Flag|Denmark}} | The two autonomous territories<ref name="territory">* {{Cite web|url=https://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html|title=The working autonomies in Europe|last=Benedikter|first=Thomas|date=2006-06-19|publisher=Society for Threatened Peoples|quote=Denmark has established very specific territorial autonomies with its two island territories|access-date=2019-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309063149/http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html|archive-date=2008-03-09|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.world-autonomies.info/tas/Greenland/Pages/default.aspx|title=Greenland|last=Ackrén|first=Maria|date=November 2017|publisher=Autonomy Arrangements in the World|quote=Faroese and Greenlandic are seen as official regional languages in the self-governing territories belonging to Denmark.|access-date=2019-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830110832/http://www.world-autonomies.info/tas/Greenland/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=2019-08-30|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/countries/greenland_en|title=Greenland|date=2013-06-03|website=International Cooperation and Development|publisher=European Commission|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27|quote=Greenland [...] is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.norden.org/en/fakta-om-norden-1/the-nordic-countries-the-faroe-islands-greenland-and-aaland/facts-about-the-faroe-islands|title=Facts about the Faroe Islands|publisher=Nordic cooperation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423094907/http://www.norden.org/en/fakta-om-norden-1/the-nordic-countries-the-faroe-islands-greenland-and-aaland/facts-about-the-faroe-islands|archive-date=23 April 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=1 July 2015|quote=The Faroe Islands [...] is one of three autonomous territories in the Nordic Region|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ({{langx|da|rigsdel}}, {{langx|fo|land}}, {{langx|kl|nuna}}) of the realm of the Kingdom, the Faroe Islands and Greenland, each have an elected devolved legislature which has the ability to legislate in devolved matters. The Kingdom Parliament 'Folketinget' retains sovereignty (The Kingdom of Denmark is a unitary state) and legislates in matters that are not devolved, as well as having the capacity to legislate in areas that are devolved (this does not normally occur without the agreement of the devolved legislature). |- | Tobago | {{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} | The Tobago House of Assembly is a devolved legislature that is responsible for the island of Tobago.<ref name="VisitTobago">[http://www.visittobago.gov.tt/load_page.asp?id=41 Tobago Division Of Tourism - About Tobago, Governance] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710212503/http://www.visittobago.gov.tt/load_page.asp?id=41 |date=2007-07-10 }}</ref> |- | {{Flag|Vojvodina|size=x12px}} | {{flag|Serbia}} | |- | Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija | Controlled by: {{flag|Kosovo}} Claimed by: {{flag|Serbia}} | In 2008, Kosovo unilaterally declared itself as an independent state. Its international recognition is split between those who recognize it as an independent state and those who view it as an autonomous province of Serbia under United Nations administration. |- | {{nowrap|{{flag|Åland}}}} | {{flag|Finland}} | |- | {{plainlist| * {{flag|Azores}} * {{flag|Madeira}} }} | {{flag|Portugal}} | Although Portugal is a unitary state, its two autonomous regions have elected, devolved legislatures (Regional Legislative Assemblies of the Azores and Madeira) and local government (Governments of the Azores and Madeira) which have the ability to legislate in devolved matters. |- | {{flagicon image|Flag of Bangsamoro.svg}} Bangsamoro | {{flag|Philippines}} | |- | {{flag|Bougainville}} | {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} | |- | {{plainlist| * {{flag|Hong Kong|name=Hong Kong SAR}} * {{flag|Macau|name=Macao SAR}} * {{flagicon image|Flag placeholder.svg}} Guangxi Zhuang AR * {{flagicon image|Flag placeholder.svg}} Inner Mongolia AR * {{flagicon image|Flag placeholder.svg}} Ningxia Hui AR * {{flagicon image|Flag placeholder.svg}} Tibet AR * {{flagicon image|Flag placeholder.svg}} Xinjiang Uygur AR }} | {{flag|People's Republic of China}} | The special administrative regions have the highest degree of autonomy from the central government in Beijing. Autonomous regions contain a large minority ethnic group. |- | {{plainlist| * {{flagicon image|Flag of Region Autonoma del Atlantico Norte.svg}} North Caribbean Coast * {{flagicon image|Flag of Region Autonoma Atlantico Sur.svg}} South Caribbean Coast }} | {{flag|Nicaragua}} | |- | {{flag|Rodrigues}} | {{flag|Mauritius}} | |- | {{flagicon image|De facto SA-NES Flag.svg}} Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria {{flagicon image|Civil flag of Jabal ad-Druze (1921-1936).svg}} Administrative Council of Jabal Bashan | {{flag|Syria|1932}} | |- | {{flagicon image|Flag of Zanzibar.svg}} Zanzibar | {{flag|Tanzania}} | |- | Nakhchivan | {{flag|Azerbaijan}} | |- | {{flagicon image|Flag of Adjara.svg}} Adjara | {{flag|Georgia}} | |- | Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia | Claimed by: {{flag|Georgia}} Controlled by: {{flag|Abkhazia}} | In 1999, the Republic of Abkhazia declared its independence from Georgia after the 1992–1993 war. Georgia and most of the U.N. member states have not recognized Abkhazia's independence and still has an administrative apparatus for the claimed Autonomous Republic; its independence is recognized by Russia and three other U.N. member states. |- | Gorno-Badakhshan | {{flag|Tajikistan}} | |- | {{flagicon image|Flag of Crimea (Latest version).svg}} Republic of Crimea /{{flagicon image|Flag of Crimea.svg}} Autonomous Republic of Crimea | De jure: {{flag|Ukraine}} Controlled by: {{flag|Russia}} | The 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia is not recognized by most countries, including Ukraine. |- | {{flagicon image|Flag of Karakalpakstan.svg}} Karakalpakstan | {{flag|Uzbekistan}} | |- | {{flagicon image|Flag of Gagauzia.svg}} Gagauzia | {{flag|Moldova}} | |- | Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester | Claimed by: {{flag|Moldova}} Controlled by: {{flag|Transnistria}} | In 1990, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, commonly known as Transnistria) declared its independence from the Soviet Union. While Moldova has not formally recognized Transnistria's independence and still has an administrative apparatus for the claimed Autonomous Territorial Unit, its independence is recognized by 3 other non-UN member states. |- |{{plainlist| *{{flag|Easter Island}} *{{flagicon image|Bandera Juan Fernández.svg}} Juan Fernández Islands }} | {{flag|Chile}} | In 2007, the Chamber of Deputies of Chile passed a law designating both as "special territories", granting them more autonomy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.mercopress.com/2007/06/07/easter-islands-now-a-special-territory-with-more-autonomy#:~:text=The%20Chamber%20of%20Deputies%20of,archipelago%20as%20%E2%80%9Cspecial%20territories.%E2%80%9D|title = Easter Islands now a "special territory" with more autonomy}}</ref> Additionally, the Juan Fernandez Islands archipelago is a commune, while Easter Island is both a commune and a province. |- | {{flagicon image|Barbuda Council Flag.svg}} Barbuda (1976) | {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} | |- | Rotuma | {{flag|Fiji}} | |- | {{flagicon|Kurdistan Region}} Kurdistan Region (2005) | {{flag|Iraq}} | Semi-autonomous federal region of Iraq; the constitution of Iraq gives a degree of autonomy to administrative divisions, such as regions and provinces, in matters that are not within the exclusive remit of the federal government of Iraq. Regional law may take priority (in case of dispute) if the law falls within the remit of "shared authorities" and does not contradict with the provisions of the constitution of Iraq.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iraq_2005|title= Constitution of Iraq (Article 115)|publisher=Constitute}}</ref> The Federal Supreme Court of Iraq has the authority to repeal and amend regional law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iraq_2005|title= Constitution of Iraq (Article 93)|publisher=Constitute}}</ref>{{efn|In a verdict issued in February 2024, the Supreme Court of Iraq simultaneously revoked as well as amended Kurdistan Region's legislation, setting a legal precedent for the latter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iraqfsc.iq/news.5121/|title=The Federal Court issues a verdict revoking and amending some of the articles of the Kurdistan Parliament Election Law|publisher=Federal Supreme Court of Iraq|language=ar}}</ref>}} |- | {{flag|Nevis}} (1967) | {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} | |- | {{flagicon image|Flag of Príncipe Autonomous Region.svg}} Autonomous Region of Príncipe (1995) | {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} | |- | Svalbard | {{flag|Norway}} | Although it does not fit the definition of autonomous area (not possessing partial internal sovereignty), Svalbard has the sovereignty of Norway limited by the Spitsbergen Treaty of 1920 and therefore is considered as having special status (as it is considered fully integrated with Norway, and not a dependency, it is a sui generis case). |- | {{flag|Heligoland}} | rowspan=2 | {{flag|Germany}} | Heligoland, Germany: Although it is part of a German state, Schleswig-Holstein, it has been excluded of some European Union normatives, such as customs union and the Value Added Tax Area. |- | {{Flagicon image|DEU Büsingen am Hochrhein COA.svg}} Büsingen am Hochrhein | rowspan=2| Despite being integral parts of their respective countries, these two enclaves of Switzerland predominantly use the Swiss franc as currency and are in customs union with Switzerland. |- | {{flagicon image|Flag of Campione d'Italia.svg}} Campione d'Italia | rowspan="6" | {{flag|Italy}} |- |Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol |South Tyrol has a considerable level of self-government, consisting of a large range of exclusive legislative and executive powers and a fiscal regime that allows it to retain 90% of revenue, while remaining a net contributor to the national budget.<ref>{{Citation |title=South Tyrol |date=2026-02-02 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Tyrol&oldid=1336205652 |access-date=2026-02-07 |language=en}}</ref> |- |Aosta Valley | |- |Friuli-Venezia Giulia | |- |Sardinia | |- |Sicily | |- |{{Flagicon image|Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, Flag.svg}} Zapatista Territories |{{Flag|Mexico}} |a ''de facto'' autonomous region controlled or partially controlled by neo-Zapatista support bases in the Mexican state of Chiapas since the Zapatista uprising in 1994 and during the wider Chiapas conflict.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reyes Godelmann |first=Iker |date=30 July 2014 |title=The Zapatista Movement: The Fight for Indigenous Rights in Mexico |url=https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/news-item/the-zapatista-movement-the-fight-for-indigenous-rights-in-mexico/ |access-date=2020-06-16 |website=Australian Institute of International Affairs}}</ref> |-

|{{plainlist| *{{flag|Adygea}} *{{flag|Altai Republic|Altai}} *{{flag|Bashkortostan}} *{{flag|Buryatia}} *{{flag|Chechnya}} *{{flag|Chukotka Autonomous Okrug}} *{{flag|Chuvashia}} *{{flag|Dagestan}} *{{flag|Ingushetia}} *{{flag|Jewish Autonomous Oblast}} *{{flag|Kabardino-Balkaria}} *{{flag|Kalmykia}} *{{flag|Karachay-Cherkessia}} *{{flag|Karelia}} *{{flag|Khakassia}} *{{flag|Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug}} *{{flag|Komi}} *{{flag|Mari El}} *{{flag|Mordovia}} *{{flag|North Ossetia-Alania}} *{{flag|Nenets Autonomous Okrug}} *{{flag|Sakha Republic}} *{{flag|Tatarstan}} *{{flag|Tuva}} *{{flag|Udmurtia}} *{{flag|Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug}}}} |{{flag|Russia}} | |- | {{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}} |Controlled by: {{Flag|Russia}} Claimed by: {{Flag|Ukraine}} |Sovereignty disputed by Ukraine as Donetsk Oblast |- | {{flag|Luhansk People's Republic}} |Controlled by: {{Flag|Russia}} Claimed by: {{Flag|Ukraine}} |Sovereignty disputed by Ukraine as Luhansk Oblast |}

==Other territories considered autonomous== === Dutch constituent countries === {| width="100%" class="wikitable" !width="160px"| Division !class="unsortable" width="200px"|''State'' !class="unsortable"|''Notes'' |- | {{flag|Aruba}} | rowspan="4" | {{flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} | |- | {{flag|Curaçao}} | |- | {{flag|Sint Maarten}} | |- | {{flag|Netherlands}} | |} Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten are autonomous countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, each with their own parliament. In addition they enjoy autonomy in taxation matters as well as having their own currencies.

=== French overseas collectivities, New Caledonia, and Corsica === {| width="100%" class="wikitable" !width="160px"| Division !class="unsortable" width="200px"|''State'' !class="unsortable"|''Notes'' |- | {{flagicon image|Flag of Alsace.svg}} Alsace (2021){{citation needed|date=November 2023}} | rowspan="15" | {{flag|France}} | single territorial collectivity |- | {{flag|Corsica}} (2018){{citation needed|date=November 2023}} | single territorial collectivity |- | {{flagicon image|Flag of French Guiana (Local).svg}} French Guiana | overseas region and department and single territorial collectivity |- | {{flagicon image|Flag of Guadeloupe (Local).svg}} Guadeloupe | overseas region and department |- | {{Flagicon image|Flag-of-Martinique.svg}} Martinique | overseas region and department and single territorial collectivity |- | {{flag|Mayotte|local}} | overseas region and department |- | {{flagicon image|Flag placeholder.svg}} Réunion | overseas region and department |- | {{flag|French Polynesia}} | overseas collectivity |- | {{flag|Saint-Barthélemy|local}} | overseas collectivity |- | {{flagicon image|Local flag of the Collectivity of Saint Martin.svg}} Saint-Martin | overseas collectivity |- | {{flag|Saint-Pierre and Miquelon|local}} | overseas collectivity |- | {{flag|Wallis and Futuna|local}} | overseas collectivity |- | {{flag|New Caledonia}} | sui generis collectivity |} {{Main|Overseas collectivity}}

The French Constitution recognises three autonomous jurisdictions. Corsica, a region of France, enjoys a greater degree of autonomy on matters such as tax and education compared to mainland regions.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} New Caledonia, a ''sui generis'' collectivity, and French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity, are highly autonomous territories with their own government, legislature, currency, and constitution. They do not, however, have legislative powers for policy areas relating to law and order, defense, border control or university education. Other smaller overseas collectivities have a lesser degree of autonomy through local legislatures. The five overseas regions, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion, are generally governed the same as mainland regions; however, they enjoy some additional powers, including certain legislative powers for devolved areas.

=== New Zealand overseas territories === {| width="100%" class="wikitable" !width="160px"| Division !class="unsortable" width="200px"|''State'' !class="unsortable"|''Notes'' |- | {{flag|Cook Islands}} | rowspan="3" | {{flag|New Zealand}} | The Cook Islands is a self-governing country in free association with New Zealand that maintains some international relationships in its own name. |- | {{flag|Niue}} | Niue is a self-governing country in free association with New Zealand that maintains some international relationships in its own name. |- | {{flag|Tokelau}} | Tokelau is an autonomous dependency of New Zealand. |} New Zealand maintains nominal sovereignty over three Pacific Island nations, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau. The Chatham Islands—despite having the designation of ''Territory''—is an integral part of the country, situated within the New Zealand archipelago; its council is not autonomous and has broadly the same powers as other local councils, although notably it can also charge levies on goods entering or leaving the islands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1995/0041/latest/DLM367666.html|title=Chatham Islands Council Act 1995 No 41 (as at 01 July 2013), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref>

=== United States unincorporated territories ===

{| width="100%" class="wikitable" !width="160px"| Division !class="unsortable" width="200px"|''State'' !class="unsortable"|''Notes'' |- | {{flag|American Samoa}} | rowspan="5" | {{flag|United States}} | rowspan="5" | All five insular areas are organized as unincorporated U.S. territories. Like U.S. states, they are subject to the sovereign jurisdiction of the U.S. federal government. Each territory has a local government headed by a democratically elected governor and legislature with powers within the territorial geographic boundaries. |- | {{flag|Guam}} |- | {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} |- | {{flag|Puerto Rico}} |- | {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} |- |}

==Ethnic autonomous territories== ===Areas designated for indigenous peoples=== {{See also|Lands inhabited by Indigenous peoples}} {| width="100%" class="wikitable" !width="160px"| Division !class="unsortable" width="200px"|''State'' !class="unsortable"|''Notes'' |- | Nisga'a | rowspan="11" | {{flag|Canada}} | Created by the Nisga'a Final Agreement in 2000. The Nisga'a Territory runs semi-autonomously from the rest of Canada. Located in Northwestern British Columbia, within kilometres of the Alaska Panhandle. |- | {{flag|Nunatsiavut}} | |- | {{flag|Tłı̨chǫ}} | |- |Haida Nation | |- |Toquaht | |- |Ucluelet | |- |Tsawwassen | |- |Tla'amin Nation | |- |Huu-ay-aht | |- |Kyuquot/Cheklesahht | |- |Uchucklesaht | |- | {{flag|Hopi Reservation}} | rowspan="8" | {{flag|United States}} | |- | {{flag|Cherokee Nation}} | |- | {{flagicon image|Flag of the Sac and Fox Nation.svg}} Sac and Fox Nation | |- | {{flag|Choctaw Nation}} | |- | {{flagicon image|Pine Ridge Flag.svg}} Pine Ridge Indian Reservation | |- | {{flag|Navajo Nation}} | |- | {{flag|Haudenosaunee}} | |- | {{flagicon image|Flag of the Colorado River Indian Tribes.svg}} Colorado River Indian Tribes | |- | Emberá-Wounaan | rowspan="6" | {{flag|Panama}} | |- | Kuna de Madugandí | |- | Kuna de Wargandí | |- | {{Flagicon image|Bandera de la Comarca Guna Yala.svg}} Guna Yala | |- | {{Flagicon image|Bandera de la Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé.svg}} Ngöbe-Buglé | |- | {{flagicon image|Naso Tjër Di.gif}} Naso Tjër Di Comarca | |}

Other areas that are autonomous in nature but not in name are areas designated for indigenous peoples, such as those of the Americas:

* Aboriginal (First Nation or Native American or Indian) Indian reserve and Indian reservation, in, respectively, Canada and the United States.{{discuss}} * the five ''comarcas indígenas'' ("indigenous regions") of Panama.

===Ethiopian special woredas=== In Ethiopia, "special woredas" are a subgroup of ''woredas'' (districts) that are organized around the traditional homelands of specific ethnic minorities, and are outside the usual hierarchy of a ''kilil'', or region. These ''woredas'' have many similarities to autonomous areas in other countries.

==Proposed autonomous administrative divisions== {{Expand list|date=May 2025}} ===Formal proposals=== The following autonomous regions have been proposed but not implemented following unsuccessful referendums or other political reasons: *Cordillera Autonomous Region within the Philippines (1990, 1998) *Special Autonomous Region of East Timor within Indonesia (1999) *Corsica within France (2003) *North East England within the United Kingdom (2004) *Darfur Region within Sudan (2016)

The following autonomous regions were initially rejected in a referendum but were subsequently approved in a subsequent referendum: *Scotland within the United Kingdom (Rejected 1979, Approved 1997) *Wales within the United Kingdom (Rejected 1979, Approved 1997)

The following autonomous regions have been proposed as part of peace agreements: *Kosovo within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1999) *Western Sahara Authority within Morocco (2003) *Sahara Autonomous Region within Morocco (2007)

===Campaigns=== *Cornwall within the United Kingdom *Yorkshire within the United Kingdom *England within the United Kingdom *Hungarian Autonomous Region within Serbia *Corsica within France *Occitania within France *Savoie within France *Veneto within Italy * Silesia within Poland *Székely Land within Romania

==Historical autonomous administrative divisions== {{Expand list|date=September 2016}} * Kunság within the Kingdom of Hungary (1279–1876) * Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire (1809–1917) * Autonomous Region of Catalonia within the Spanish Republic (1932–1939) * Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship (1920–1939) * Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao in the Philippines (1989–2019) * Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus in Albania (1914) * Southern Ireland within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1921–1922) * ASSRs of the Soviet Union (1922–1990) * Carpathian Ruthenia and Slovakia within Czechoslovakia (1938–1939) * Croatia within Yugoslavia (1938–1939) * Eritrea within the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1952–1962) * Bantustans in South West Africa (1968–1990) and South Africa (1956–1994) * Magyar Autonomous Region of Socialist Republic of Romania (1952–1968) * Singapore within Malaysia (1963–1965) * Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (1972–1983) and Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–2011) within Sudan * Kokang Self-Administered Zone (2010-2024) within Myanmar * Administration of South Ossetia (2007-2026) within Georgia although the entity have no South Ossetian territory under its control from 2008

== Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}}

===Works cited=== * M. Weller and S. Wolff (eds), Autonomy, Self-governance and Conflict Resolution: Innovative Approaches to Institutional Design in Divided Societies. Abingdon, Routledge, 2005 * [http://www.minorityrights.org/admin/Download/pdf/NicaraguaMicro2007.pdf From Conflict to Autonomy in Nicaragua: Lessons Learnt]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, report by Minority Rights Group International * P.M. Olausson, Autonomy and Islands, A Global Study of the Factors that determine Island Autonomy. Åbo: Åbo Akademi University Press, 2007. * Thomas Benedikter (ed.), [http://www.eurac.edu/en/research/institutes/imr/Documents/Deliverable_No_9_Update_Set_educational_material.pdf Solving Ethnic Conflict through Self-Government - A Short Guide to Autonomy in Europe and South Asia], EURAC Bozen 2009, * Thomas Benedikter, 100 Years of Modern Territorial Autonomy - Autonomy around the World, Berlin/Zürich, LIT 2021, {{ISBN|978-3-643-91401-9}} (pb) * {{cite web |first1=Thomas |last1=Benedikter |title=The World's Modern Autonomy Systems |publisher=EURAC |location=Bozen |date=2010 |url=https://www.academia.edu/44170136 |via=Academia.edu }}

{{Autonomous types of first-tier administration}} {{Terms for types of country subdivisions}} {{Secession in Countries}} {{Irredentism}} {{Turkic topics}} {{authority control}}

Category:Autonomous administrative divisions Category:Autonomy Category:Decentralization