Self-coup

{{short description|Elected leader illegally maintaining or increasing power}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}} <noinclude>[[File:Cavalerie rues paris (1851).jpg|thumb|Cavalry in the streets of Paris, after President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte seized dictatorial power in the 1851 French coup d'état]]</noinclude>

A '''self-coup''', also called an '''autocoup''' ({{etymology|es|{{Wikt-lang|es|autogolpe}}|}}) or '''coup from the top''', is a form of coup d'état where a political leader stays in office or vastly increases their power via illegal means.<ref name=":18">{{Cite journal |last1=Chin |first1=John J |last2=Carter |first2=David B |last3=Wright |first3=Joseph G |date=2021 |title=The Varieties of Coups D'état: Introducing the Colpus Dataset |journal=International Studies Quarterly |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=1040–1051 |doi=10.1093/isq/sqab058 }}</ref> The leader may dissolve or render powerless the national legislature and unlawfully assume extraordinary powers. Other measures may include annulling the constitution, suspending civil courts, and having the head of government assume dictatorial powers.<ref name="UY72">{{Cite book |last=Kaufman |first=Edy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vMHNkmwKPuQC |title=Uruguay in Transition: From Civilian to Military Rule |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-1-4128-4084-2 |language=en}}{{date missing}}{{pn|date=April 2026}}</ref><ref name="atlantic-2020-12-07">{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/12/trumps-farcical-inept-and-deadly-serious-coup-attempt/617309/ |title=This Must Be Your First|first1=Zeynep|last1=Tufekci|work=The Atlantic|date=December 7, 2020|quote=In political science, the term ''coup'' refers to the illegitimate overthrow of a sitting government — usually through violence or the threat of violence. The technical term for attempting to stay in power illegitimately — such as after losing an election — is ''self-coup'' or ''autocoup'', sometimes ''autogolpe''}}</ref>

From 1946 to the beginning of 2021, an estimated 148 self-coup attempts took place, 110 in autocracies and 38 in democracies.<ref name=Nakamura>{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|2475221202}} |last= Nakamura|first=David|title=With brazen assault on election, Trump prompts critics to warn of a coup |date=January 5, 2021|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-election-coup/2021/01/05/26afcfc0-4f6c-11eb-bda4-615aaefd0555_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=January 5, 2021 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==List of self-coups==  {{Div col}} * {{Flag|Roman Republic}}: Julius Caesar (February 44 BC; when declared ''dictator perpetuo'')<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hemel |first1=Daniel J. |title=Self-Coup and the Constitution |journal=Constitutional Commentary |date=2022 |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=315–364 |doi=10.24926/26390742.2442 |ssrn=4411491 |doi-access=free }}</ref> * {{flagcountry|Federal Republic of Central America}}: President Manuel José Arce (October 10, 1826)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chamorro Cardenal|first1=Pedro Joaquín|author1-link=Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal|date=1951|location=Madrid, Spain|title=Historia de la Federación de la América Central: 1823–1840|trans-title=History of the Federation of Central America: 1823–1840|url=https://www.enriquebolanos.org/media/publicacion/historiafederacionamericacentral-1823-1840.pdf|language=es|publisher=Hispanic Cultural Editions|oclc=1172113044|access-date=28 September 2025|page=187}}</ref> * {{flagcountry|Second French Republic}}: President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (December 2, 1851)<ref name=Brownlee-2022>{{cite journal |last1=Brownlee |first1=Jason |last2=Miao |first2=Kenny |title=Why Democracies Survive |journal=Journal of Democracy |date=October 2022 |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=133–149 |doi=10.1353/jod.2022.0052 }}</ref> * {{flag|Uruguay}}: President Juan Lindolfo Cuestas (February 10, 1898)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1898/02/11/archives/uruguay-under-a-dictator-senor-cuestas-executes-a-coup-detat-and.html|title=URUGUAY UNDER A DICTATOR.; Senor Cuestas Executes a Coup d'Etat and Dissolves the Assembly|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 11, 1898 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> * {{flag|Austria|1230}}: Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss (March 15, 1933)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Weyland |first1=Kurt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTQTEAAAQBAJ&dq=austria+self-coup&pg=PA304 |title=Assault on Democracy |date=February 4, 2021 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108844338 |accessdate=2022-09-14}}</ref> * {{flagcountry|Germany|1933}}: Chancellor Adolf Hitler (March 23, 1933 / August 2, 1934)<ref name=Brownlee-2022/><ref>{{cite web |date=September 28, 2018 |title=Germany 1933: from democracy to dictatorship |url=https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/go-in-depth/germany-1933-democracy-dictatorship/ |website=Anne Frank House}}</ref> * {{flag|Uruguay}}: President Gabriel Terra (March 31, 1933)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onwar.com/data/uruguay1933.html|title=The March Revolution in Uruguay 1933|website=Armed Conflict Events Data}}</ref> * {{flag|Estonia}}: Prime Minister in duties of the State Elder Konstantin Päts (March 12, 1934)<ref>{{cite book |title=XX sajandi kroonika, I osa |language=et |publisher=Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus |location=Tallinn |year=2002 |page=383}}</ref> * {{Flag|Brazil|1889}}: President Getúlio Vargas (November 10, 1937)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/democraciaabierta/very-brazilian-coup|title=A very Brazilian coup|website=openDemocracy}}</ref> * {{flag|Uruguay}}: President Alfredo Baldomir (February 21, 1942)<ref name=":1">{{cite web|access-date=2023-08-06 |language=es |title=El barro de la historia - El golpe de 1942. |url=https://sites.google.com/site/historiaconcreta/6o-historia-del/el-golpe-de-1942 |website=sites.google.com}}</ref> *{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania}}: King Michael I of Romania (August 23, 1944)<ref>{{cite book |last=Deletant |first=Dennis |title=Hitler's Forgotten Ally: Ion Antonescu and His Regime, Romania 1940–1944 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2006}}</ref> * {{flag|Bolivia}}: President Mamerto Urriolagoitía (May 16, 1951)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/bolivian-revolution.htm|title=The Bolivian Revolution|website=Latin American Studies}}</ref> * {{flag|Pakistan}}: Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad (April 1953 – September 21, 1954)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shah |first1=Sabir |title=70-year history of constitutional crises in Pakistan |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1057154-70-year-history-of-constitutional-crises-in-pakistan |publisher=The News International |date=April 4, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wheeler |first1=Richard S. |title=Governor General's Rule in Pakistan |journal=Far Eastern Survey |date=January 1955 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |jstor=3024672 |publisher=Institute of Pacific Relations|doi=10.2307/3024672 }}</ref> * {{flag|Indonesia}}: President Sukarno (July 5, 1959)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pauker |first1=Guy J. |title=Indonesia: The Year of Transition |journal=Asian Survey |date=1967 |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=138–150 |doi=10.2307/2642526 |jstor=2642526 }}</ref> * {{flag|Philippines|1936}}: President Ferdinand Marcos (September 23, 1972)<ref name=Brownlee-2022/><ref name="martiallaw">{{cite web|title=Declaration of Martial Law|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/declaration-of-martial-law/ |website=Official Gazette |publisher=Republic of the Philippines|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref> * {{flag|South Korea|1949}}: President Park Chung Hee (October 17, 1972)<ref>{{cite book |first1=Andrea Matles |last1=Savada |first2=William |last2=Shaw |title=South Korea: A Country Study |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Government Publishing Office |year=1990 |url=http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/14.htm |chapter=The Military in Politics |series=Library of Congress Country Studies}}</ref> * {{flag|Swaziland}}: King Sobhuza II (April 12, 1973)<ref>{{cite web |date=April 16, 1973 |title=PROCLAMATION BY HIS MAJESTY KING SOBHUZA II 12TH APRIL 1973 |url=https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sz1973proclamation.pdf |website=International Commission of Jurists}}</ref><ref name="Dlamini2019">{{cite book |last1=Dlamini |first1=Hlengiwe Portia |title=A Constitutional History of the Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland), 1960–1982 |chapter=From King Sobhuza II's Auto-Coup d'État to the Era of Constitutional Void and Royal Benevolent Despotism |series=African Histories and Modernities |date=2019 |pages=279–337 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-24777-5_7 |isbn=978-3-030-24776-8 }}</ref> * {{flag|Uruguay}}: President Juan María Bordaberry (June 27, 1973)<ref name="UY72" /> * {{flag|Peru}}: President Alberto Fujimori (April 5, 1992)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fujimori's coup and the breakdown of democracy in Latin America |last=Kenney|first=Charles D. |url=http://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.epl?BookId=5885 |year=2004 |publisher=University of Notre Dame Press |isbn=0-268-03171-1}}</ref> * {{flag|Russia|1991}}: President Boris Yeltsin (September 21, 1993){{efn|Attributed to multiple sources:<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2821597|script-title=ru:Все перевороты XXI века|trans-title=All coups of the 21st century|date=30 September 2015|work=Kommersant}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xd6CDwAAQBAJ&dq=yeltsin+self-coup&pg=PT340 |title=Judicial Power: How Constitutional Courts Affect Political Transformations |date= February 7, 2019|isbn=9781108425667 |accessdate=2022-09-14|last1=Landfried |first1=Christine |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH8nAQAAMAAJ&q=yeltsin+self-coup |title=International Politics in a Changing World |isbn=9780205189939 |accessdate=2022-09-14|last1=Hastedt |first1=Glenn P. |last2=Knickrehm |first2=Kay M. |year=2003 |publisher=Longman }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://politeia.ru/files/articles/rus/Politeia-2000-2(16).pdf |first=K. L. |last=Maidanik |author-link=Kiva Maidanik |script-title=ru:«He-запад»: современный транзит и перспективы демократизации |language=ru |trans-title="Non-West": modern transition and prospects for democratization |script-journal=ru:Полития |volume=2 |issue=16 |page=100 |date=Summer 2000 |script-quote=ru:В последнее десятилетие – чуть ли не впервые за полтора века – в регионе не произошло ни одного успешного военного переворота. Имели место, правда, один «самопереворот» (президент разогнал парламент) и один случай переноса выборов.|trans-quote=In the last decade – almost for the first time in a century and a half – there has not been a single successful military coup in the region. There has, however, been one 'self-coup' (the president dissolved parliament) and one case of postponed elections.}}</ref>}} * {{flag|Cambodia}}: Prime Minister Hun Sen (July 1997)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Making of a strongman: In July 1997, Hun Sen took complete control of the country – and his party|url=https://m.phnompenhpost.com/national-post-depth-politics/making-strongman-july-1997-hun-sen-took-full-control-country-and-his |access-date=October 23, 2023 |website=The Phnom Penh Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Desafíos actuales de Asia oriental |language=es |trans-title=Current challenges in East Asia |last1=Pedrosa |first1=Fernando |last2=Noce |first2=Cecilia |last3=Povse |first3=Max |date=2021 |publisher=Eudeba |isbn=9789502331188}}</ref> * {{flag|Venezuela}}: President Nicolás Maduro (March 29, 2017)<ref name="coup">{{cite news|title=Venezuela Muzzles Legislature, Moving Closer to One-Man Rule|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/30/world/americas/venezuelas-supreme-court-takes-power-from-legislature.html |website=The New York Times |date=March 30, 2017 |access-date=March 31, 2017|last1=Casey |first1=Nicholas |last2=Torres |first2=Patricia }}</ref> * {{flag|Peru}}: President Martín Vizcarra (September 30, 2019)<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |title=4 claves para entender la crisis política que atraviesa Perú tras la disolución del Congreso (y lo que puede pasar ahora) |language=es |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-49887706 |access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-09-30 |title=Peru military, police back Vizcarra as rebel lawmakers vow loyalty to VP |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-peru-politics-idUSKBN1WF1MC |access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite news |first1=Juan |last1=Montes |first2=John |last2=Otis |title=Peruvian Vice President Resigns After Congress Fails to Oust Nation's Leader |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/peruvian-vice-president-resigns-after-congress-fails-to-oust-nations-leader-11570044084 |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=The Wall Street Journal |date=October 2, 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref> * {{flag|Malaysia}}: Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin (February 29, 2020)<ref>{{cite web |date=March 22, 2020 |title=Malaysia's frustrated 'No. 2' leaders pull off political coup |work=Nikkei |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Comment/Malaysia-s-frustrated-No.-2-leaders-pull-off-political-coup}}</ref> * {{flag|Russia}}: President Vladimir Putin (July 4, 2020)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.forbes.ru/finansy-i-investicii/392589-investklimat-v-rossii-opredelyaetsya-fsb-sergey-guriev-o-novom | script-title=ru:Инвестклимат в России определяется ФСБ»: Сергей Гуриев о новом правительстве и «конституционном самоперевороте |language=ru |trans-title=The Investment Climate in Russia Is Determined by the FSB: Sergei Guriev on the New Government and the "Constitutional Self-Coup" | date=February 6, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/putin-speech-power-after-term-ends-by-sergei-guriev-2020-01| title=Putin's Meaningless Coup|date=January 18, 2020 |first=Sergei |last=Guriev |publisher=Project Syndicate}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XDQKEAAAQBAJ&dq=yeltsin+self-coup&pg=PA278 |title=There Is Nothing for You Here: Finding Opportunity in the Twenty-First Century |date= September 7, 2021|isbn=9780358574316 |accessdate=2022-09-14|last1=Hill |first1=Fiona |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt }}</ref> * {{flag|El Salvador}}: President Nayib Bukele (May 1, 2021)<ref name="1M">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/05/20/el-salvadors-president-launched-self-coup-watch-creeping-corruption-authoritarianism/|title=El Salvador's President Launched a 'Self-Coup'. Watch for Creeping Corruption and Authoritarianism|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=20 May 2021|access-date=26 April 2023|language=en|first1=Manuel|last1=Meléndez-Sánchez|first2=Steven|last2=Levitsky|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606100412/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/05/20/el-salvadors-president-launched-self-coup-watch-creeping-corruption-authoritarianism/|url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flag|Tunisia}}: President Kais Saied (July 25, 2021)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dawnmena.org/saieds-textbook-self-coup-in-tunisia/ | title=Saied's Textbook Self-Coup in Tunisia |publisher=Dawn |first=Tarek |last=Megerisi | date=August 2, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tamburini |first1=Francesco |title='How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Autocracy': Kais Saied's 'Constitutional Self-Coup' in Tunisia |journal=Journal of Asian and African Studies |date=September 2023 |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=904–921 |doi=10.1177/00219096221079322 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/analysis/opinion-tunisia-s-dangerous-moment-a-self-coup/2345542 | title=OPINION – Tunisia's dangerous moment: A self-coup |first=Tarek |last=Cherkaoui |work=Anadolu Agency |date=25 August 2021 }}</ref> * {{flag|Sudan}}: Chairman of the Sovereignty Council Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (October 25, 2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://africanarguments.org/2021/10/sudan-self-coup-and-four-factors-that-will-determine-what-comes-next/|title=Sudan's self-coup and four factors that will determine what comes next |work=African Arguments |first=David |last=Kiwuwa|date=October 27, 2021}}</ref> {{Div col end}}

==Notable events described as attempted self-coups== {{Div col}} * {{flag|Guatemala|1968}}: President Jorge Serrano Elías (May 25 – June 5, 1993)<ref name=Levitt>{{cite journal |last1=Levitt |first1=Barry S. |title=A Desultory Defense of Democracy: OAS Resolution 1080 and the Inter-American Democratic Charter |journal=Latin American Politics and Society |date=2006 |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=93–123 |id={{Project MUSE|202008}} |jstor=4490479 |doi=10.1111/j.1548-2456.2006.tb00357.x }}</ref> * {{flag|Indonesia}}: President Abdurrahman Wahid (July 1–25, 2001)<ref>{{cite news| last1= Ingraham |first1=Christopher |title= Coup attempts usually usher in long stretches of democratic decline, data shows |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/22/self-coup-next/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=January 22, 2021}}</ref> * {{flag|Malaysia}}: Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad (February 23 – March 1, 2020)<ref>{{cite news|title=Mahathir proposes to lead 'unity government' – sources |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-politics-mahathir/malaysias-mahathir-proposes-to-lead-unity-government-sources-idUSKCN20J152| work=Reuters |date=February 25, 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|United States}}: President Donald Trump (November 4, 2020 – January 6, 2021; after election loss)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. |title=The Trump Self-Coup Attempt: Comparisons and Civil–Military Relations |journal=Government and Opposition |date=October 2023 |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Harvey |first1=Michael |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |chapter=Introduction |date=2022 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held the top of the office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results. |quote-page=3 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton|editor-first2=Nigel|journal=Social Sciences |publisher=MDPI |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}</ref> * {{flag|Peru}}: President Pedro Castillo (December 7, 2022)<ref name=":25">{{Multiref2 |1={{Cite web |last1=Aspinwall |first1=Nick |last2=Chen |first2=Alicia |title=Peru's Failed Presidential Coup Sparks Democratic Crisis |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/12/20/peru-failed-presidential-coup-democratic-crisis/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=Foreign Policy |date=December 20, 2022 |language=en-US}} |2={{Cite web |last=Villar |first=Paola |date=2022-12-07 |title=Peru's President Pedro Castillo Stages Self-Coup, Announces Dissolution of Congress |url=https://www.bloomberglinea.com/english/perus-president-pedro-castillo-stages-self-coup-announces-dissolution-of-congress/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=Bloomberg Línea |language=en-US}} |3={{Cite web |last=Quesada |first=Juan Diego |date=2022-12-09 |title=Inside the coup in Peru: 'President, what have you done?' |url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2022-12-09/inside-the-coup-in-peru-president-what-have-you-done.html |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=El País English |language=en-us}} |4={{Cite web |title=After failed self-coup: Peru's ousted president seeks meeting with rights inspectors |url=https://today.rtl.lu/news/world/a/2008492.html |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=today.rtl.lu |language=en}} |5={{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=High drama in Lima as Peru ousts its president after he attempts self-coup |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2022/12/08/high-drama-in-lima-as-peru-ousts-its-president-after-he-attempts-self-coup.html |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=The Week |language=en}} |6={{Cite web |date=2022-12-12 |title=Peru's new president suggests moving general election forward to April |url=https://www.euronews.com/2022/12/12/perus-new-president-suggests-moving-general-election-forward-to-april-2024 |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=euronews |language=en}} }}</ref> * {{flag|Brazil}}: President Jair Bolsonaro (October 30, 2022 – December 31, 2022; January 8, 2023; after election loss)<ref>{{cite news |last=Carvalho |first=Diego |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Brazil's Bolsonaro Plotted Coup After Election Defeat, Congressional Probe Finds |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-17/brazil-s-bolsonaro-accused-of-plotting-coup-in-congress-probe-of-jan-8-riots?embedded-checkout=true |work=Bloomberg |access-date=January 11, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Arias |first=Juan |date=August 25, 2023 |title=Brazilian military caught in the crossfire after failed coup attempt against Lula's government |url=https://english.elpais.com/opinion/2023-08-25/brazilian-military-caught-in-the-crossfire-after-failed-coup-attempt-against-lulas-government.html |work=El País |access-date=January 11, 2024}}</ref> * {{flag|Israel}}: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (ongoing events, since he assumed office on December 29, 2022){{efn|Attributed to multiple sources:<ref>{{Cite news |last=Friedman |first=Thomas L. |date=February 14, 2023 |title=Netanyahu's Judicial Coup Could Destroy His Start-Up Nation |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/14/opinion/bibi-netanyahu-israel.html |url-status=live |access-date=2023-08-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230219085933/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/14/opinion/bibi-netanyahu-israel.html |archive-date=19 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Friedman |first=Thomas L. |date=2023-03-28 |title=Netanyahu Cannot Be Trusted |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/28/opinion/israel-protests-benjamin-netanyahu.html |url-status=live |access-date=2023-08-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230328050812/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/28/opinion/israel-protests-benjamin-netanyahu.html |archive-date=2023-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kingsley |first=Patrick |date=July 23, 2023 |title=Israel's Identity Hangs in Balance Ahead of Key Vote on New Law |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/23/world/middleeast/israel-government-vote-netanyahu.html |url-status=live |access-date=August 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230723164423/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/23/world/middleeast/israel-government-vote-netanyahu.html |archive-date=July 23, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-27 |title=A Coup d'État in Israel? : The Bitter Harvest of Colonialism |url=https://crimethinc.com/2023/03/27/a-coup-detat-in-israel-the-bitter-harvest-of-colonialism |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=CrimethInc. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Harari |first=Yuval Noah |date=March 9, 2023 |title=This Is Definitely a Coup. Israel Is on Its Way to Becoming a Dictatorship |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/2023-03-09/ty-article-opinion/this-is-definitely-a-coup-israel-is-on-its-way-to-becoming-a-dictatorship/00000186-c728-d069-a3df-c73897c10000 |access-date=2023-08-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230309170347/https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/2023-03-09/ty-article-opinion/this-is-definitely-a-coup-israel-is-on-its-way-to-becoming-a-dictatorship/00000186-c728-d069-a3df-c73897c10000 |archive-date=March 9, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Freedland |first=Jonathan |date=2023-03-31 |title=Netanyahu is leading a coup against his own country. But the threat is not only to Israel |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/mar/31/benjamin-netanyahu-israel-northern-ireland-palestine |url-status=live |access-date=2023-08-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230401161858/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/mar/31/benjamin-netanyahu-israel-northern-ireland-palestine |archive-date=April 1, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Starr |first=Michael |date=January 8, 2023 |title=30,000 march in Tel Aviv against 'coup d'état' Levin judicial reform |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-726915 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230108092659/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-726915 |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}</ref>}} * {{flag|South Korea}}: President Yoon Suk Yeol (December 3–4, 2024)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=James |date=4 December 2024 |title=How South Koreans Rejected Martial Law |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/12/03/south-korea-yoon-martial-law-army-parliament-vote/ |website=Foreignpolicy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= Schaefer |first= Christopher |date=5 December 2024 |title=Lessons From South Korea's Six-Hour Dictatorship |url=https://rdi.org/articles/lessons-from-south-koreas-six-hour-dictatorship/ |website=Renew Democracy Initiative}}</ref> * {{flag|Turkey}}: President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (ongoing events culminating in the arrest of Ekrem İmamoğlu on March 19, 2025)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Poyrazlar |first1=Elçin |title=Turkey lurches toward outright autocracy as Erdoğan's main rival is jailed |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-jailed-tayyip-erdogan-mayor-immamoglu-jail-crackdown-nato-democracy/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |work=Politico |date=23 March 2025|quote="A court on Sunday formally arrested İmamoğlu on corruption charges pending trial, in a step that the opposition argues is a politically motivated 'coup.'"}}</ref> {{Div col end}}

==Notes== {{Notelist}}

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading== * {{cite journal |last1=Goldsmith |first1=Arthur A |title=Power Grabs from the Top: A Database of Self-Coups |journal=International Studies Quarterly |date=14 September 2024 |volume=68 |issue=4 |article-number=sqae147 |doi=10.1093/isq/sqae147 }} * {{cite journal |first1=F. E. |last1=Guerra-Pujol |date=2024 |url=https://www.swlaw.edu/sites/default/files/2025-01/13%20-%20Guerra.pdf |title=Gödel's Loophole: A Prequel |journal=Southwestern Journal of International Law |volume=30 |issue=2 }}

== External links == * {{Wiktionary inline|self-coup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Self-Coup}} Category:Self-coups Category:Constitutional crises Category:Coups d'état