Archaeopriapulida

{{short description|Class of marine worms}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Ottoia burrowing.jpg | image_caption = Reconstruction of the archaeopriapulid ''Ottoia'' with a nearby ''Haplophrentis'' | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Cambrian Stage 3|Middle Cambrian}} | taxon = Archaeopriapulida | authority = | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision_ref = <ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/pala.12168| title = The macro- and microfossil record of the Cambrian priapulid ''Ottoia''| journal = Palaeontology| pages = 705–721| year = 2015| last1 = Smith | first1 = M. R. | last2 = Harvey | first2 = T. H. P. | last3 = Butterfield | first3 = N. J. | volume=58| issue = 4| s2cid = 55337080| url = http://dro.dur.ac.uk/18218/1/18218.pdf}}</ref><ref>Supplementary information from {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/pala.12168| title = The macro- and microfossil record of the Cambrian priapulid ''Ottoia''| journal = Palaeontology| year = 2015| last1 = Smith | first1 = M.R. | last2 = Harvey | first2 = T.H.P. | last3 = Butterfield | first3 = N.J. | volume=58 | issue = 4| pages=705–721| s2cid = 55337080| url = http://dro.dur.ac.uk/18218/1/18218.pdf}}</ref> | subdivision = See text }}

'''Archaeopriapulida''' is a group of priapulid worms known from Cambrian lagerstätte.<ref name=SCM1979>{{Cite journal| last1 = Conway Morris | first1 = S.| title = The Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian) Fauna| journal = Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics| volume = 10| pages = 327–349| year = 1979| doi = 10.1146/annurev.es.10.110179.001551}}</ref> The group is closely related to, and very similar to, the modern priapulids.<ref name='Por1983'>{{Cite journal| first1 = F. D.| title = Class Seticoronaria and Phylogeny of the Phylum Priapulida| journal = Zoologica Scripta| last1 = Por| volume = 12| issue = 4| pages = 267–272| year = 1983| doi = 10.1111/j.1463-6409.1983.tb00510.x | s2cid = 85091685}}</ref> It is unclear whether it is mono- or polyphyletic.<ref name=Wills1998>{{Cite journal| first = M. A. | title = Cambrian and Recent Disparity: the Picture from Priapulids | journal = Paleobiology | volume = 24 | issue = 2| last = Wills | pages = 177–199 | date = 1 April 1998 | jstor = 2401237 | doi = 10.1666/0094-8373(1998)024[0177:CARDTP]2.3.CO;2 | s2cid = 88647544 }}</ref> Despite a remarkable morphological similarity to their modern cousins,<ref name="doi10.1080/00241160410005088"/> they fall outside of the priapulid crown group, which is not unambiguously represented in the fossil record until the Carboniferous.<ref name=Budd2000>{{cite journal |last1=Budd |first1=G. E. |last2=Jensen |first2=S. |year=2000 |title=A critical reappraisal of the fossil record of the bilaterian phyla |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=253–95 |journal=Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society |doi=10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00046.x |pmid=10881389|s2cid=39772232 }}</ref> In addition to well-preserved body fossils, remains of several archaeopriapulid taxa are known to have been preserved primarily as organic microfossils, such as isolated scalids and pharyngeal teeth.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Slater |first=Ben J. |last2=Harvey |first2=Thomas H. P. |last3=Guilbaud |first3=Romain |last4=Butterfield |first4=Nicholas J. |date=January 2017 |editor-last=Rahman |editor-first=Imran |title=A cryptic record of Burgess Shale-type diversity from the early Cambrian of Baltica |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pala.12273 |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=117–140 |doi=10.1111/pala.12273|doi-access=free |hdl=2381/38663 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Martin R. |last2=Harvey |first2=Thomas H. P. |last3=Butterfield |first3=Nicholas J. |date=July 2015 |editor-last=Kouchinsky |editor-first=Artem |title=The macro‐ and microfossil record of the Cambrian priapulid Ottoia |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pala.12168 |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=705–721 |doi=10.1111/pala.12168 |issn=0031-0239|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wernström |first=Joel Vikberg |last2=Slater |first2=Ben J. |last3=Sørensen |first3=Martin V. |last4=Crampton |first4=Denise |last5=Altenburger |first5=Andreas |date=2023-08-12 |title=Geometric morphometrics of macro- and meiofaunal priapulid pharyngeal teeth provides a proxy for studying Cambrian "tooth taxa" |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-023-00617-4 |journal=Zoomorphology |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00435-023-00617-4 |issn=1432-234X|doi-access=free |hdl=10037/30213 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> They are probably closely related or paraphyletic to the palaeoscolecids; the relationship between these basal worms is somewhat unresolved.<ref name=Wills1998/>

==Species== * Genus ''Acosmia'' Chen & Zhoi 1997 (Chengjiang deposits) ** ''Acosmia maotiania'' Chen & Zhoi 1997 * Genus ''Archotuba'' Hou ''et al''. 1999 (possibly a Cnidarian) (Chengjiang deposits)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NBP4bvxp1loC&q=Archotuba+conoidalis&pg=PA14|title=Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera|isbn=9783110272536|last1=Schmidt-Rhaesa|first1=Andreas|date=2012-12-21}}</ref> ** ''Archotuba conoidalis'' Hou ''et al''. 1999 * Genus ''Baltiscalida'' Slater ''et al''. 2017 ** ''Baltiscalida njorda'' Slater ''et al''. 2017 * Genus ''Eopriapulites'' Liu & al 2014<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/ede.12076| pmid = 24754444| title = The oldest known priapulid-like scalidophoran animal and its implications for the early evolution of cycloneuralians and ecdysozoans| journal = Evolution & Development| volume = 16| issue = 3| pages = 155–65| year = 2014| last1 = Liu | first1 = Y. | last2 = Xiao | first2 = S. | last3 = Shao | first3 = T. | last4 = Broce | first4 = J. | last5 = Zhang | first5 = H. | s2cid = 205095219}}</ref> ** ''Eopriapulites sphinx'' Liu & al 2014 * Genus ''Eximipriapulus'' Ma ''et al''. 2014 (Chengjiang deposits) <ref name="doi10.1666/13-082"/> ** ''Eximipriapulus globocaudatus'' Ma ''et al''. 2014 * Genus ''Lagenula'' Luo & Hu 1999 nomen dubium (Chengjiang deposits)<ref name="doi10.1080/00241160410005088" /> ** ''Lagenula striolata'' Luo & Hu 1999 nomen dubium * Genus ''Laojieella'' Han ''et al''. 2006 (Chengjiang deposits)<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/03115510608619340| title = A new theca-bearing Early Cambrian worm from the Chengjiang Fossil Lagerstätte, China| journal = Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology| volume = 30| pages = 1–10| year = 2006| last1 = Han | first1 = J. | last2 = Zhang | first2 = X. | last3 = Zhang | first3 = Z. | last4 = Shu | first4 = D. | s2cid = 84288209}}</ref> ** ''Laojieella thecata'' Han ''et al''. 2006 * Genus ''Lecythioscopa'' Conway Morris 1977 (Burgess Shale) ** ''Lecythioscopa simplex'' (Walcott 1931) Conway Morris 1977 [''Canadia simplex'' Walcott 1931] * Genus ''Oligonodus'' Luo & Hu 1999 nomen dubium (Chengjiang deposits)<ref name="doi10.1080/00241160410005088" /> ** ''Oligonodus specialis'' Luo & Hu 1999 nomen dubium * Genus ''Sandaokania'' Luo & Hu 1999 nomen dubium (Chengjiang deposits)<ref name="doi10.1080/00241160410005088" /> ** ''Sandaokania latinodosa'' Luo & Hu 1999 nomen dubium * Genus ''Singuuriqia'' Peel 2017 (Sirius Passet)<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/pala.12316|title=Feeding behaviour of a new worm (Priapulida) from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) of North Greenland (Laurentia)|journal=Palaeontology|volume=60|issue=6|pages=795–805|year=2017|last1=Peel|first1=John S.|s2cid=134180194 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ** ''Singuuriqia simoni'' Peel 2017 * Genus ''Sullulika'' Peel & Willman, 2018<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/spp2.1112|title=The Buen Formation (Cambrian Series 2) biota of North Greenland|journal=Papers in Palaeontology|volume=4|issue=3|pages=381–432|year=2018|last1=Peel|first1=John S|last2=Willman|first2=Sebastian|s2cid=134539597 }}</ref> ** ''Sullulika broenlundi'' Peel & Willman, 2018 * Genus ''Vladipriapulus'' Ivantsov et al. 2005 (Sinsk Formation) <ref>Ivantsov, A. I., Zhuravlev, A. I., Krasilov, V. A., Leguta, A. V., Melnikova, L. M., Urbanek, A., et al. (2005). ''Unique Sinsk Localities of Early Cambrian Organisms (Siberia Platform)''. Moscow: Nauka. Rossiyskaya Akademia Nauk, 143. [in Russian].</ref> ** ''Vladipriapulus malakhovi'' Ivantsov et al. 2005 * Genus ''Xishania'' Hong 1981 ** ''Xishania fusiformis'' Hong 1981 ** ''Xishania jiangxiensis'' Hong 1988 * Genus ''Paratubiluchus'' Han, Shu, Zhang et Liu, 2004 (Chengjiang deposits) ** ''Paratubiluchus bicaudatus'' Han, Shu, Zhang et Liu, 2004 * Genus ''Xiaoheiqingella'' Hu 2002 ** ''Xiaoheiqingella peculiaris'' Hu 2002 [''Yunnanpriapulus halteroformis'' Huang ''et al''. 2004<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.geobios.2003.04.004| title = Recent Priapulidae and their Early Cambrian ancestors: Comparisons and evolutionary significance| journal = Geobios| volume = 37| issue = 2| pages = 217| year = 2004| last1 = Huang | first1 = D. | last2 = Vannier | first2 = J. | last3 = Chen | first3 = J. }}</ref>]<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1007/BF03183414| title = The earliest-known ancestors of Recent Priapulomorpha from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte| journal = Chinese Science Bulletin| volume = 49| issue = 17| pages = 1860| year = 2004| last1 = Han | first1 = J. | last2 = Shu | first2 = D. | last3 = Zhang | first3 = Z. | last4 = Liu | first4 = J. | bibcode = 2004ChSBu..49.1860H| s2cid = 84891981}}</ref> (Chengjiang deposits) * Genus ''Priapulites'' Schram 1973 (Mazon Creek) ** ''Priapulites konecniorum'' Schram 1973 * Family Palaeopriapulitidae Hou ''et al''. 1999 ** Genus ''Sicyophorus'' Luo & Hu 1999 (Chengjiang deposits)<ref name="doi10.1080/00241160410005088" /> *** ''Sicyophorus rara'' Luo & Hu 1999 *** ''Sicyophorus sp.''<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1007/s11434-014-0419-y| title = A Chengjiang-type fossil assemblage from the Hongjingshao Formation (Cambrian Stage 3) at Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan| journal = Chinese Science Bulletin| volume = 59| issue = 25| pages = 3169| year = 2014| last1 = Zeng | first1 = H. | last2 = Zhao | first2 = F. | last3 = Yin | first3 = Z. | last4 = Li | first4 = G. | last5 = Zhu | first5 = M. | bibcode = 2014ChSBu..59.3169Z| s2cid = 128594728}}</ref> ** Genus ''Paraselkirkia'' Luo & Hu 1999<ref>(Chengjiang deposits){{cite journal|pages=691–694 |issn=0883-1351 |year=2007 |url=http://intl-palaios.geoscienceworld.org/content/22/6/691.full |journal=PALAIOS |volume=22 |issue=6 |doi=10.2110/palo.2006.p06-117r |last1=Han |last2=Zhang |last3=Liu |last4=Shu |first1=J. |title=Evidence of Priapulid Scavenging from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Deposits, Southern China |first2=Z. |first3=J. |first4=D. |bibcode=2007Palai..22..691H |s2cid=86584623 |url-access=subscription }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *** ''Paraselkirkia sinica'' (Luo & Hu 1999) Luo & Hu 1999 * Family Selkirkiidae Conway Morris 1977 (stem Palaeoscolecida)<ref name="Haaramo">{{Cite web |author=Haaramo, Mikko |year=2003 |title=Scalidophora – †palaeoscolecids, priapulids, mud dragons and brush heads |url=https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/mhaaramo/metazoa/protostoma/scalidophora.html#Palaeoscolecida |website= Mikko's Phylogeny Archive |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422001116/https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/mhaaramo/metazoa/protostoma/scalidophora.html#Palaeoscolecida |archive-date=2023-04-22 |url-status=live}}</ref> ** Genus ''Selkirkia'' Walcott 1911 *** ''Selkirkia elongata'' Luo & Hu 1999 (Chengjiang deposits) *** ''Selkirkia columbia'' Walcott 1911 (Burgess Shale) *** ''Selkirkia pennsylvanica'' Resser & Howell 1938 *** ''Selkirkia spencei'' Resser 1939 *** ''Selkirkia tsering'' Nanglu & Ortega-Hernández 2024 *** ''Selkirkia willoughbyi'' Conway Morris & Robison 1986 * Order Ancalagonida Adrianov & Malakhov 1995 (stem Scalidophora)<ref name="Haaramo" /> ** Family Ancalagonidae Conway Morris 1977 *** Genus ''Ancalagon'' (Walcott 1911) Conway Morris 1977 (Burgess Shale) **** ''Ancalagon minor'' (Walcott 1911) Conway Morris 1977 ** Family Fieldiidae Conway Morris 1977 *** Genus ''Fieldia'' Walcott 1912 (Burgess Shale) **** ''Fieldia lanceolata'' Walcott 1912 ** Genus ''Scolecofurca'' Conway Morris 1977 (Burgess Shale) *** ''Scolecofurca rara'' Conway Morris 1977 ** Family Ottoiidae Walcott 1911 *** Genus ''Ottoia'' Walcott 1911 **** ''Ottoia cylindrica'' Sun & Hou 1987 **** ''Ottoia guizhouenis'' Yang, Zhao & Zhang 2016 **** ''Ottoia prolifica'' Walcott 1911 (Burgess Shale) **** ''Ottoia tenuis'' Walcott 1911 **** ''Ottoia tricuspida'' Smith, Harvey & Butterfield 2015 ** Family Corynetidae Huang, Vannier & Chen 2004 *** Genus ''Corynetis'' Luo & Hu 1999 **** ''Corynetis brevis'' Luo & Hu 1999 [''Anningvermis multispinosus'' Huang ''et al''. 2004<ref name="doi10.1080/00241160410005088">{{Cite journal | last1 = Huang | first1 = D.-Y. | last2 = Vannier | first2 = J. | last3 = Chen | first3 = J.-Y. | title = Anatomy and lifestyles of Early Cambrian priapulid worms exemplified by ''Corynetis'' and ''Anningvermis'' from the Maotianshan Shale (SW China) | journal = Lethaia | volume = 37 | pages = 21–33 | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1080/00241160410005088}}</ref>) (Chengjiang deposits)<ref name="doi10.1666/13-082">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1666/13-082| title = A New Exceptionally Preserved Cambrian Priapulid from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte| journal = Journal of Paleontology| volume = 88| issue = 2| pages = 371| year = 2014| last1 = Ma | first1 = X. | last2 = Aldridge | first2 = R. J. | last3 = Siveter | first3 = D. J. | last4 = Siveter | first4 = D. J. | last5 = Hou | first5 = X. | last6 = Edgecombe | first6 = G. D. | s2cid = 85627132}}</ref> **** ''Corynetis fortis'' Hu ''et al''. 2012<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.3140/bull.geosci.1238| title = A new priapulid assemblage from the early Cambrian Guanshan fossil Lagerstätte of SW China| journal = Bulletin of Geosciences| pages = 93–106| year = 2012| last1 = Hu | first1 = S.| last2 = Steiner | first2 = M.| last3 = Zhu | first3 = M.| last4 = Luo | first4 = H.| last5 = Forchielli | first5 = A.| last6 = Keupp | first6 = H.| last7 = Zhao | first7 = F. | last8 = Liu | first8 = Q.| doi-access = free}}</ref> (Chengjiang deposits) **** ''Corynetis pusillus'' Klug 1842 ** Family Miskoiidae Walcott 1911 *** Genus ''Louisella'' Conway Morris 1977 (Burgess Shale) **** ''Louisella pedunculata'' (Walcott 1911) Conway Morris 1977 *** Genus ''Miskoia'' Walcott 1911 **** ''Miskoia placida'' Walcott 1931 **** ''Miskoia preciosa'' Walcott 1911

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Priapulida