Arame

{{Short description|Species of edible kelp}} {{about|the seaweed|the king|Aramu|the genus of beetle|Arame (beetle)|the Vala|Arāmē}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} {{Speciesbox | name = ''Eisenia bicyclis'' | image = Alger,_Ecklonia bicyclis,_Nordisk_familjebok.png | genus = Eisenia (alga) | species = bicyclis | authority = (Kjellman) Setchell 1905 | synonyms = ''Ecklonia bicyclis'' }}

{{nihongo|'''Arame'''|{{linktext|荒布}}||''Eisenia bicyclis'', syn. ''Ecklonia bicyclis''}}, '''sea oak''' is a species of kelp, of the brown algae, best known for its use in Japanese cuisine.

==Description== ''Eisenia bicyclis'' is indigenous to temperate Pacific Ocean waters centered near Japan, although it is deliberately cultured elsewhere, including South Korea.<ref name ="HFA">[http://www.food2goodhealth.com/Health-Food-Articles/Seafood/Arame.aspx/6.408_2 Arame] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510221022/http://food2goodhealth.com/Health-Food-Articles/Seafood/Arame.aspx/6.408_2 |date=10 May 2012 }}, Food to Good Health, 2010 retrieved 8 February 2013</ref> It grows and reproduces seasonally. Two flattened oval fronds rise from a stiff woody stipe which can be up to about {{convert|1|m|ft}} tall. The fronds are shed and new ones formed annually. The plant appears both branched and feathered. It may be harvested by divers manually or mechanically, and the dried form is available year-round.<ref name ="HFA" />

==Cuisine== It is one of many species of seaweed used in Asian cuisine.

Usually purchased in a dried state, it is reconstituted quickly, taking about five minutes. Arame comes in dark brown strands, has a mild, semi-sweet flavor, and a firm texture.<ref name ="HFA" /> It is added to appetizers, casseroles, muffins, pilafs, soups, toasted dishes, and many other types of food. Its mild flavor makes it adaptable to many uses.<ref name ="Collins">[http://www.annecollins.com/diet_foods/arame-seaweed.htm Arame Seaweed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172316/http://www.annecollins.com/diet_foods/arame-seaweed.htm |date=23 September 2015 }}, Diet Foods & Nutrition, retrieved 8 February 2013</ref>

== Chemistry == Arame is high in calcium, iodine, iron, magnesium, and vitamin A as well as being a dietary source of many other minerals.<ref name ="HFA" /> It also is harvested for alginate, fertilizer and iodide.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPUNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA105|title= Seaweeds and Their Uses|publisher= Taylor & Francis|year= 1950|accessdate=8 February 2013|last=Chapman|first= V.J.}}</ref> It contains the storage polysaccharide laminarin and the tripeptide eisenin, a peptide with immunological activity.

Lignan content in arame is noted by several sources. It also contains the phlorotannins phlorofucofuroeckol A, dioxinodehydroeckol, fucofuroeckol A,<ref name = "Eom">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1002/jsfa.5585|pmid=22271637|title=Α-Glucosidase- and α-amylase-inhibitory activities of phlorotannins from Eisenia bicyclis|year=2012|last1=Eom|first1=Sung-Hwan|last2=Lee|first2=Sang-Hoon|last3=Yoon|first3=Na-Young|last4=Jung|first4=Won-Kyo|last5=Jeon|first5=You-Jin|last6=Kim|first6=Se-Kwon|last7=Lee|first7=Myung-Suk|last8=Kim|first8=Young-Mog|journal=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture|volume=92|issue=10|pages=2084–90|bibcode=2012JSFA...92.2084E |doi-access=free}}</ref> eckol, dieckol, triphloroethol A and 7-phloroethol.<ref>{{Cite journal|pmid=20462757|year=2010|last1=Jung|first1=HA|last2=Oh|first2=SH|last3=Choi|first3=JS|title=Molecular docking studies of phlorotannins from Eisenia bicyclis with BACE1 inhibitory activity|volume=20|issue=11|pages=3211–5|doi=10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.093|journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters |bibcode=2010BMCL...20.3211J }}</ref> Extracts of this algae have been tested to combat MRSA staph infections.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Antimicrobial Activity of Brown Alga Eisenia bicyclis against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |journal=Fish Aquat Sci |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=251–256 |year=2011|doi=10.5657/FAS.2011.0251 |last1=Eom |first1=Sung-Hwan |last2=Park |first2=Jae-Hong |last3=Yu |first3=Dae-Ung |last4=Choi |first4=Ji-Il |last5=Choi |first5=Jong-Duck |last6=Lee |first6=Myung-Suk |last7=Kim |first7=Young-Mog |doi-access=free }}</ref>

== See also == * Edible seaweed * Seafood allergy

== References == {{Reflist}} {{commons category|Eisenia bicyclis}}

== Further reading == *{{cite journal|last1=Menshova|first1=Roza|last2=Ermakovaa|first2=Svetlana|last3=Anastyuka|first3=Stanislav|last4=Isakova|first4=Vladimir|last5=Dubrovskayaa|first5=Yuliya|last6=Kusaykina|first6=Mikhail|last7=Umb|first7=Byung-Hun|last8=Zvyagintseva|first8=Tatiana|title=Structure, enzymatic transformation and anticancer activity of branched high molecular weight laminaran from brown alga Eisenia bicyclis|journal=Carbohydrate Polymers|volume=99|date=2013|pages=101–109|pmid=24274485|doi=10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.037}} * {{cite journal | last1 = Kojima | first1 = T. | display-authors = etal | year = 1993 | title = Eisenin (L-pyroGlu-L-Gln-L-Ala), a new biological response modifier | journal = Journal of Immunotherapy | volume = 13 | issue = 1| pages = 36–42 | doi = 10.1097/00002371-199301000-00005 | pmid = 8435430 }} * Kristina Turner. 1996. The Self-Healing Cookbook: A Macrobiotic Primer for the Healing Body. p. 122 *{{cite journal|last1=Herry Cahyana|first1=Antonius|last2=Shuto|first2=Yoshihiro|last3=Kinoshita|first3=Yoshiro|title=Pyropheophytin a as an antioxidative substance from the marine alga, arame (Eisenia bicyclis)|journal=Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry|date=26 December 1991|volume=56|issue=10|pages=1533–1535|doi=10.1271/bbb.56.1533|doi-access=free}}

==Further reading== Iwata, Kayoko. Tagami, Keiko. Uchida, Shigeo. (16 July 2013). "Ecological Half-Lives of Radiocesium in 16 Species in Marine Biota after the TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident". Environmental Science and Technology. Vol. 47. Issue. 14. Web of Science Core Collection.

{{cite journal|last1=Paudel|first1=U|last2=Lee|first2=Y-H|last3=Kwon|first3=T-H|last4=Park|first4=N-H|last5=Yun|first5=B-S|last6=Hwang|first6=P-H|last7=Yi|first7=H-K|title=Eckols reduce dental pulp inflammation through the ERK1/2 pathway independent of COX-2 inhibition|journal=Oral Diseases|volume=20|issue=8|date=August 2014|pages=827–32|doi=10.1111/odi.12266|pmid=24924779}}

==External links== *[http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=4012 AlgaeBase Profile], M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2013. AlgaeBase. National University of Ireland, Galway, retrieved 8 February 2013.

Category:Lessoniaceae Category:Edible seaweeds