Antefix

{{short description|Terminal block for the covering tiles of a roof}} [[File:AKroterion-Athen.JPG|thumb|upright=2|Reproduction antefixes with anthemia, Athens]]

In architecture, an '''antefix''' ({{ety|la|antefigere|to fasten before}}) is a vertical block which terminates and conceals the covering tiles of a tiled roof (see imbrex and tegula, monk and nun). It also serves to protect the join from the elements. In grand buildings, the face of each stone antefix was richly carved, often with the anthemion ornament.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ante-fixae|volume=2|page=89}}</ref> In less grand buildings moulded ceramic antefixes, usually terracotta, might be decorated with figures heads, either of humans, mythological creatures, or astrological iconography, especially in the Roman period. On temple roofs, maenads and satyrs were often alternated. The frightening features of the Gorgon, with its petrifying eyes and sharp teeth, was also a popular motif to ward off evil. A Roman example from the Augustan period features the butting heads of two billy goats. It may have had special significance in imperial Rome since the constellation Capricorn was adopted by the emperor Augustus as his own lucky star sign and appeared on coins and legionary standards.<ref name="Met">{{cite web |title=The Met 150 Digital Collections |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search#!?sortBy=Relevance&q=Antefix&offset=0&perPage=80&searchField=All&showOnly=withImage |website=Metropolitan Museum of Art |publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> By this time they were found on many large buildings, including private houses. The earliest examples in museum collections date back to the 7th century BCE in both Greece and Etruria.<ref name="Met" />

In the garden of the Villa Giulia in Rome, that houses the National Etruscan Museum, is a reconstruction of an Etruscan temple built between 1889 and 1890 on the basis of the ruins found in Alatri. Its tiled roof is lined with antefixes.

==Etymology== From Latin ''antefixa'', pl. of ''antefixum'', something fastened in front, from ''antefixus'', fastened in front: ''ante-'', ''ante-'' and ''fixus'', fastened, past participle of ''figere'', to ''fasten''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/antefix|title=antefix|publisher=|via=The Free Dictionary}}</ref> {{clear}}

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> File:Terracotta antefix (roof tile) with head of a maenad MET DP251364.jpg|Etruscan antefix from Cerveteri of a maenad wearing an elaborate diadem and grape-cluster earrings, The MET File:Antefissa gorgonica 2.jpg|Greek antefix depicting a Gorgon, 6st century BCE, Regional Archeological Museum, Gela, Italy File:0 Antéfixe - Museo Gregoriano Etrusco - Vatican (1b).JPG|Etruscan antefix from Vulci, 1st century BCE, Vatican City File:Terracotta antefix MET SF111401.jpg|Roman antefix decorated with the butting heads of two billy goats, The MET File:Terracotta antefix MET sf9618162b.jpg|Roman antefix depicting Venus (Aphrodite, the goddess of love) and her lover Mars (Ares, the god of war), The MET File:British museum antefix.jpg|Etruscan antefix from Cerveteri, 6th century BCE, British Museum, London File:Antefissa silenica.jpg|Greek antefix depicting Silenus. Regional Archeological Museum, Gela, Italy File:Etruscan - Antefix with Head of Silenus - Walters 48354.jpg|Etruscan antefix depicting Silenus. Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Maryland File:Roof ornament (antefix) in the shape of a dancing Maenad and a Saytr Etruscan 500-475 BCE Terracotta 01.jpg|Etruscan antefix depicting a dancing Maenad and a Satyr, 500–475 BCE, Getty Villa, Los Angeles, California File:Acroterion - Getty Villa - Outer Peristyle.jpg|Antefixes in position, Getty Villa, Los Angeles, California </gallery>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *{{commons category-inline|Antefixes}}

Category:Architectural elements Category:Ancient Greek architecture Category:Ornaments (architecture) Category:Ancient Roman pottery Category:Roof tiles Category:Etruscan architecture Category:Etruscan ceramics