Animal attack

{{Short description|Violent attacks caused by non-human animals against humans}} {{Multiple issues| {{globalize|date=April 2019}} {{More citations needed|date=February 2026}} }} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}} right|thumb|1941 poster for the Cleveland Division of Health encouraging dog bite victims to report dog bites to the proper authorities

'''Animal attacks''' are violent attacks caused by non-human animals against humans, one of the most common being bites. These attacks are a cause of human injuries and fatalities worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs373/en/|title=Animal bites|publisher=World Health Organization|language=en-GB|access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref> According to the ''2012 U.S. Pet Ownership & Demographics Sourcebook'', 56% of United States citizens owned a pet.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Bula-Rudas|first1=Fernando J.|last2=Olcott|first2=Jessica L.|date=2018-10-01|title=Human and Animal Bites|url=https://pedsinreview.aappublications.org/content/39/10/490|journal=Pediatrics in Review|language=en|volume=39|issue=10|pages=490–500|doi=10.1542/pir.2017-0212|issn=0191-9601|pmid=30275032|s2cid=52898850|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In the United States in 1994, approximately 4.7 million people were bitten by dogs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dog-Bite-Related Fatalities -- United States, 1995-1996 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047723.htm |website=CDC |publisher=U.S. Center for Disease Control |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref> The frequency of animal attacks varies with geographical location, as well as hormonal secretion. Gonad glands found on the anterior side of the pituitary gland secrete androgen and estrogen hormones. Animals with high levels of these hormones, which depending on the species can be a seasonal occurrence, such as during rutting season, tend to be more aggressive, which leads to a higher frequency of attacks not only to humans but among themselves.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Svare|first=Bruce B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fkrhBwAAQBAJ&q=aggressive+animal+behavior&pg=PA3|title=Hormones and Aggressive Behavior|date=2013-03-07|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4613-3521-4|language=en}}</ref> In the United States, a person is more likely to be killed by a domesticated dog than they are to die from being hit by lightning according to the National Safety Council.<ref>{{cite web | title = Injury Facts Chart | publisher=National Safety Council| url = http://www.nsc.org/learn/safety-knowledge/Pages/injury-facts-chart.aspx | access-date = 9 April 2015 }}</ref>

Animal attacks have been identified as a major public health problem. In 1997, it was estimated that up to 2 million animal bites occur each year in the United States.<ref name="Langley" /> Injuries caused by animal attacks result in thousands of fatalities worldwide every year.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Warrell|first1=D.A.|title= Venomous bites and stings in the tropical world|journal=Medical Journal of Australia |date=1993|volume=159|issue=11–12|pages=773–779|pmid=8264466|doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb141345.x|s2cid=36567559}}</ref> "Unprovoked attacks occur when the animal approaches and attacks a person(s) who is the principal attractant, for example, predation on humans ..."<ref>{{cite book|last=Angelici|first=Francesco|title=Problematic Wildlife: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach|publisher=Springer|year=2016|isbn=978-3-319-22246-2|location=Cham}}</ref><ref name="WHObites">{{cite web|date=February 2013|title=Animal bites|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs373/en/|access-date=27 February 2017|publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> All causes of death are reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention each year. Medical injury codes are used to identify specific cases.<ref name=Langley>{{cite journal|last1=Langley|first1=Ricky L.|last2=Morrow|first2=William E.|title=Deaths resulting from animal attacks in the United States|journal=Wilderness and Environmental Medicine|date=1997|volume=8|issue=1|pages=8–16|pmid=11990139|doi=10.1580/1080-6032(1997)008[0008:drfaai]2.3.co;2|doi-access=free}}</ref> The World Health Organization uses identical coding, though it is unclear whether all countries keep track of animal-related fatalities. Though animals, excluding some tigers, do not regularly hunt humans, there is concern that these incidents are "bad for many species 'public image'."

== Epidemiology and injuries == Animal bites are the most common form of injury from animal attacks. The U.S. estimated annual count of animal bites is 250,000 human bites, 1 to 2 million dog bites, 400,000 cat bites, and 45,000 bites from snakes.<ref name=":0" /> Bites from skunks, horses, squirrels, rats, rabbits, pigs, and monkeys may be up to one percent of bite injuries. Unprovoked pet ferret attacks have caused serious facial injuries. Non-domesticated animals, although often assumed to be more common, especially as a cause of rabies infection, make up less than one percent of reported bite wounds. Bites to the right arm are the most likely due to defensive reactions when the victim uses their dominant arm. The most common location for fatal bites is on the individual's head.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Clark|first1=Michael A.|last2=Sandusky|first2=George E.|last3=Hawley|first3=Dean A.|last4=Pless|first4=John E.|last5=Fardal|first5=Patrick M.|last6=Tate|first6=Larry R.|date=1991-07-01|title=Fatal and Near-Fatal Animal Bite Injuries|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs13146j|journal=Journal of Forensic Sciences|volume=36|issue=4|pages=1256–61|doi=10.1520/jfs13146j|pmid=1919485|issn=0022-1198|url-access=subscription}}</ref> It is estimated that three-quarters of bites to humans are to the arms or legs. Bites to the face constitute only ten percent of total bites. Children aged ten and younger suffer two-thirds of reported bite injuries. Bite injuries are often the result of an animal attack, including instances when a human attacks another human. Human bites are the third most frequent type of bite after dog and cat bites.<ref name="Cherry2014">{{cite book|last=Cherry|first=James|title=Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases – Animal and Human Bites, Morven S. Edwards|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4557-1177-2|location=Philadelphia, PA}} Access provided by the University of Pittsburgh</ref> Dog bites are commonplace, with children the most frequently bitten and the face and scalp the most common targets.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Henry|last2=Neumeier|first2=Anna|last3=Davies|first3=Brett|last4=Durairaj|first4=Vikram|date=3 September 2013|title=Analysis of Pediatric Facial Dog Bites|journal=Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction|volume=6|issue=4|pages=225–232|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349211|pmc=3820741|pmid=24436765}}</ref>

== Infections == Animal bites carry an increased risk of infection due to their exposure to rabies and different bacteria that animals have in their oral cavity. Microbiological studies are carried out to determine some of these infections. Frequently these infections are polymicrobial with different mixtures of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Some of the bacteria identified by the remains that are maintained in the bites and by exposure to other variables and change of physical environment are: Pasturella spp., Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Moraxella, Corynebacterium, Neisseria, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Posphuomonoa, Capnocytophaga canimorsus, and Prevotella.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Goldstein|first1=E J|last2=Citron|first2=D M|date=1988-08-01|title=Comparative activities of cefuroxime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and ofloxacin against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from bite wounds |journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy |volume=32|issue=8|pages=1143–1148|doi=10.1128/aac.32.8.1143|pmid=3190202|pmc=172366|issn=0066-4804}}</ref>

== Treatments == Treatment for those who have been attacked depends on the injuries. Though trauma may be addressed first, subsequent infections are also treated with appropriate antibiotics.<ref name="Cherry2014" /> The use of prophylactic antibiotics can significantly reduce the risk of a serious infection in the lesion.<ref>{{cite book |last=Boat|first=Barbara W.|chapter=Dog Bites to Children: Family Interventions and Prevention Strategies|date=2019|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-812962-3.00003-4|title=Clinician's Guide to Treating Companion Animal Issues |pages=35–46 |publisher=Elsevier |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-812962-3.00003-4 |isbn=978-0-12-812962-3 |s2cid=149938544|access-date=2020-10-01}}</ref> It is important to visit a doctor if the bite is severe. Up to three-quarters of dog bites happen to those younger than 20 years old. In the United States, the costs associated with dog bites are estimated at over $1 billion annually. The age groups that suffer most from dog bites are children 5 to 9 years old. Often bites go unreported and receive no medical treatment. Up to one percent of pediatric emergency room visits are for animal bites. This is more frequent during the summer months. Up to five percent of children receiving emergency care for dog bites are hospitalized. Bites typically occur in the late afternoon and early evening. Girls are bitten more frequently by cats than by dogs, while boys are bitten by dogs two times more often than are girls.<ref name="Cherry2014" /> To prevent serious and even fatal infections, rabies vaccines for both humans and non-human animals are recommended, even if the person is not directly exposed to the infection. In addition, it is essential to know and consider the probability of transmission, the animal that caused the bite, the type and severity of the injury, and the age and overall health of the victim. In 1936, amputation was required in a third of cases in which treatment was delayed for 24 hours or longer.<ref name="Cherry2014" />

== Medical codes for animal attacks == Injuries resulting from encounters with animals occur with sufficient frequency to require the use of medical codes by clinicians and insurance companies to document such encounters. The ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes are used for the purpose of clearly identifying diseases, their causes, injuries in the United States. Clinicians use these codes to quantify the medical condition and its causes and to bill insurance companies for the treatment required as a result of encounters with animals.

{| class="wikitable" |- ! Code ! Description |- | W53 | Contact with rodent |- | W54 | Contact with dog |- | W55 | Contact with other mammals |- | W56 | Contact with non-venomous marine animal |- | W57 | Bitten or stung by non-venomous insect and other non-venomous arthropods |- | W58 | Contact with crocodile or alligator |- | W59 | Contact with other non-venomous reptiles |- | W61 | Contact with birds (domestic) (wild) |- | W62 | Contact with non-venomous amphibians |- | colspan="2" | Reference:<ref>{{cite web |title=Exposure to animate mechanical forces, W50-W64 |url=https://icd.who.int/browse10/2015/en#/W50-W64 |website=ICD-10 Version:2015 |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref> |}

==Notable deaths==  {{More citations needed section|date=February 2026}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95" !Year !Name !Age !Details |- |{{circa}} 1000 BC |Parikshit |unknown |Bit by a snake |- |519 |Conleth |~60 years |Killed by wolves |- |912 |Oleg the Wise |unknown |Bit by a snake |- |{{circa}} 1500 |Lakṣmīpriyā |48 years |Bit by a snake |- |1528 |Tenali Rama |47 years |Bit by a snake |- |1582 |Residents of Pskov |various |A number of crocodiles escaped from captivity to a local river, then reportedly attacked and devoured many city residents<ref>Pskov chronicles for 1582 contain such paragraph: "In the year 7090 [1582] ... That same year, crocodiles, fierce beasts, came from the [ Velikaya ] river, and coming across, devoured many people. People got frightened, and prayed to God across the land. Some went into hiding for a while, some were killed." Original text (Russian): «Того ж лета изыдоша коркодили лютии звери из реки, и путь затвориша, людей много поядоша. И ужасошася людие и молиша бога по всей земли. И паки спряташася, а иних избиша.…». Cited in ''Pskov Chronicles'',1955, Vol. 2, P. 262, and in the ''Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles'', 1841, [https://books.google.com/books?id=vI1OAQAAMAAJ&dq=коркодили&pg=RA3-PA320 Vol. 3, P. 320].</ref> |- |1787 |Two-Headed Boy of Bengal |4 years |Bit by a snake{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1852 |Crew members of the HMS ''Birkenhead'' |various |Hundreds of sharks attacked sinking ship sailors. A few hundred men were killed{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1898 |Residents of Tsavo |various |A pair of lions attacked rail workers' camps for months. Killed 30-125 men{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1913 |Carl Hagenbeck |57 years |Bit by a snake{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1920 |King Alexander of Greece |27 years |Monkey bite{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1932 |Bill Pickett |61 years |Killed by a horse kick{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1942 |Crew members of the USS ''Juneau'' |various |Sharks attacked sinking ship sailors, including remaining Sullivan brothers{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1945 |Crew members of the USS ''Indianapolis'' |various |Hundreds of sharks attacked sinking ship sailors. A few dozen to 150 men were killed{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1945 |Japanese soldiers at the Battle of Ramree Island |various |Number of saltwater crocodiles attacked retreating Japanese soldiers. A few to hundreds were killed{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1948 |Grace Olive Wiley |65 years |Bitten by a snake{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1950 |Kevin Budden |20 years |Bitten by a taipan snake{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1955 |George Hensley |74 years |Bit by a snake{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1957 |Karl Patterson Schmidt |67 years |Bit by a snake{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1975 |Robert Mertens |81 years |Bit by a snake{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1980 |Azaria Chamberlain |2 months |Attacked by a dingo<ref>{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |last1=Cunneen |first1=Chris |title=Chamberlain, Azaria Chantel (1980–1980) |id2=chamberlain-azaria-chantel-9719 |access-date=16 October 2019}}</ref> |- |1982 |Jean Batten |73 years |Infection from a dog bite{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1993 |John Pickard |80 years |Killed by a bull on his family farm{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1994 |Allen Campbell |37 years |Crushed by circus elephant Tyke{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |1994 |Rick Lomba |44 years |Attacked by Bengal Tiger{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |2001 |Joseph Bruno Slowinski |38 years |Bitten by a Suzhen's krait<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Donnelly |first=Maureen A. |last2=Crother |first2=Brian I. |date=2003 |title=Joseph Bruno Slowinski, 1962-2001 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1448692 |journal=Copeia |volume=2003 |issue=2 |pages=424–428 |issn=0045-8511}}</ref> |- |2001 |Diane Whipple |33 years |Attacked by 2 dogs<ref>{{Cite web |title=CNN.com - Neighbor heard shrieks of 'Help me!' as dog attack began - February 28, 2002 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2002/LAW/02/28/dog.mauling/index.html |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=www.cnn.com}}</ref> |- |2001 |Jacky Boxberger |51 years |Attacked by an elephant on a safari<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-08-13 |title=Décès de Jacky Boxberger - L'Humanité |url=https://www.humanite.fr/sports/-/deces-de-jacky-boxberger |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=www.humanite.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref> |- |2003 |Timothy Treadwell |46 years |Devoured by a bear<ref>{{cite web |author1=Katie Serena |title=Timothy Treadwell Devoted His Life To Grizzly Bears — Until They Ate Him |url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/timothy-treadwell |website=All That's Interesting |access-date=17 October 2019 |date=April 13, 2018}}</ref> |- |2003 |Vitaly Nikolayenko |65 years |Mauled by a bear<ref>{{cite web |author1=Kim Murphy |title=Russian bear researcher dies in apparent mauling |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-01-01-0401010214-story.html |website=Chicago Tribune |access-date=17 October 2019 |date=January 1, 2004}}</ref> |- |2004 |Boonreung Buachan |35 years |Bit by a cobra during a show<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-03-22 |title='Snake Man' Dies Of ... Snake Bite - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/snake-man-dies-of-snake-bite/ |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2005 |Kenton Joel Carnegie |22 years |Killed by wolves<ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-03-29 |title=Wolf tragedy shines media spotlight on Saskatchewan |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/wolf-tragedy-shines-media-spotlight-on-saskatchewan/article724702/ |access-date=2026-03-22 |work=The Globe and Mail |language=en-CA}}</ref> |- |2006 |Richard Root |68 years |Killed by a crocodile<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saxon |first=Wolfgang |date=2006-03-21 |title=Richard K. Root, Educator and Epidemiologist, Is Dead at 68 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/21/us/richard-k-root-educator-and-epidemiologist-is-dead-at-68.html |access-date=2026-03-22 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |- |2006 |Steve Irwin |44 years |Killed by a stingray during a diving expedition<ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Irwin |url=https://www.biography.com/personality/steve-irwin |website=Biography |access-date=17 February 2020 |language=en-us}}</ref> |- |2006 |Ali Khan Samsudin |48 years |Bitten by a king cobra<ref>{{cite web |author1=Sebastien Berger |title=Snake man dies from cobra bite |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1536000/Snake-man-dies-from-cobra-bite.html |website=The Telegraph |access-date=17 October 2019 |date=Dec 4, 2006}}</ref> |- |2007 |Surinder Singh Bajwa |44 years |Attacked by a group of rhesus macaques at his home and fell from a first-floor balcony{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} |- |2008 |Stephan Miller |39 years |Killed by a bear while making a promotional video<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-04-23 |title=Visitors Startled By Dying Trainer's Yell - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/visitors-startled-by-dying-trainers-yell/ |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2009 |Alexis Martínez |29 years |Killed by an orca (named Keto) in an aquarium<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Associated |date=2010-02-25 |title=New details emerge in death of SeaWorld Orlando trainer in orca incident |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/la-unleashed/story/2010-02-24/new-details-emerge-in-death-of-seaworld-orlando-trainer-in-orca-incident |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2009 |Taylor Mitchell |19 years |Coyote attack<ref>{{cite web |title=Emily Mitchell Commemorates Life of Songbird Daughter |url=http://www.taylormitchell.ca/ |website=Taylor Mitchell |access-date=16 October 2019}}</ref> |- |2010 |Dawn Brancheau |40 years |Killed by orca Tilikum<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-06 |title=SeaWorld orca Tilikum that killed trainer dies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38531967 |access-date=2026-03-22 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |2011 |Horatio Chapple |17 years |Killed by a polar bear on an Arctic expedition<ref>{{cite web |author1=Steven Morris |title=Horatio Chapple death: explorers' attempts to fight off polar bear attack |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/jul/18/horatio-chapple-death-polar-bear-attack |website=The Guardian |access-date=21 October 2019 |date=July 18, 2014}}</ref> |- |2011 |Mathieu Schiller |32 years |Killed by a shark<ref>{{Cite web |last=McMahon |first=Bucky |date=2013-04-03 |title=Shark Attacks in a Surfers' Paradise |url=https://www.gq.com/story/sharks-attacking-surfers-reunion-island |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=GQ |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2013 |Noah and Connor Barthe |4 & 6 years |Strangled by a friend's father's pet African rock python <ref>{{Cite web |title=Python 'coiled' around N.B. brothers, repeatedly bit them, negligence trial told {{!}} Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3043960/new-brunswick-python-trial-hears-emotional-testimony-more-witnesses-thursday/ |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=Global News |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2014 |Jamie Coots |42 years |Bit by a rattlesnake<ref>{{Cite news |last=Swaine |first=Jon |date=2014-02-17 |title=Snake-handling pastor Jamie Coots hailed as 'martyr' after fatal bite |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/17/jamie-coots-snake-handling-pastor-martyr |access-date=2026-03-22 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> |- |2015 |Katherine Chappell |29 years |Killed by a lioness while visiting a park<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullen |first=Jethro |date=2015-06-08 |title=Poised for attack: Photo shows lion shortly before mauling woman to death |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/06/08/world/africa-lion-attack-photo |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> |- |2017 |Akbar Salubiro |25 years |Killed and swallowed by a reticulated python<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-03-29 |title=Indonesian man's body found inside python - police |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39427458 |access-date=2026-03-22 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> |}

== References == {{reflist}}

== Further reading== * Anderson, Knenneth, et al., "The Man-Eater of Jowlagiri", from ''Nine Man-Eaters and One Rogue'', 1955 * Anitei, Stefan. [http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-Limits-of-the-Human-Nose-45086.shtml "The Limits of the Human Nose: How much can a human smell?"] Softpedia. 22 January 2007. 17 November 2008. * Batin, Christopher. "Bear Attacks!" ''Outdoor Life'' 210.6 (2003): 46. * Brandt, Anthony. "Attack". ''Outdoor Life'' 197.1 (1996): 52. * Cardall, Taylor Y. and Peter Rosen. "Grizzly Bear Attack". ''The Journal of Emergency Medicine'' 24.3 (2003): 331–333. * Driscoll, Jamus. "Bears on the Rampage". ''Outdoor Life'' 197.2 (1996): 20. * Egerton, L. ed. 2005. ''Encyclopaedia of Australian wildlife''. Reader's Digest {{ISBN|1-876689-34-X}} * Fergus, Charles. ''Wild Guide: Bears''. Mechanicsburg, PA; Stackpole Books, 2005. * Guo, Shuzhong, et al., "Human facial allotransplantation: a 2-year follow-up study". ''The Lancet'' 372.9639 (2008): 631–638. * Masterson, Linda. ''Living with Bears''. Masonville, CO; PixyJack Press, LLC, 2006. * Linnell, John D.C., et al.,[http://www.nina.no/archive/nina/PppBasePdf/oppdragsmelding/731.pdf The Fear of Wolves – review of wolf attacks on humans] * Ward, Paul and Suzanne Kynaston. ''Wild Bears of the World''. United Kingdom: Cassell plc, 1995 * Whitman, David. "The Return of the Grizzly". ''Atlantic Monthly'' 286.3 (2000): 26–31.

== External links == {{Commons category|Animal attacks}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110108163404/https://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/duip/dogbites.htm NCIPC bibliography of articles on dog bites] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention * [https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/animal-bites Animal bites], World Health Organization * [http://www.crocodile-attack.info/ CrocBITE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718001754/http://www.crocodile-attack.info/ |date=18 July 2017 }} * {{cite web|publisher=Southeastern Outdoors|title=Fatal Alligator Attacks|url=http://www.southeasternoutdoors.com/wildlife/reptiles/fatal-alligator-attacks.html|access-date=31 March 2006}}

Category:Animal attacks