{{Short description|Species of palm}} {{Speciesbox | image = Livistona rotundifolia.JPG | image_caption = ''Saribus rotundifolius'' at the Nong Nooch Tropical Garden, Thailand | genus = Saribus | species = rotundifolius | authority = (Lam.) Blume<ref name=ipni>{{Cite web |title=''Saribus rotundifolius'' |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/669832-1 |website=International Plant Names Index |publisher=The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens |access-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> | synonyms = {{Species list| Corypha rotundifolia|Lam.| Licuala rotundifolia|(Lam.) Blume| Livistona altissima|Zoll.| Livistona microcarpa|Becc.| Livistona mindorensis|Becc.| Livistona robinsoniana|Becc.| Livistona rotundifolia|(Lam.) Mart.| }} | synonyms_ref = <ref name=MyBIS>{{cite web |url=https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/44315 |title=''Saribus rotundifolius'' (Lam.) Blume - Arecaceae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2020 |website=Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS) |publisher=Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (KeTSA) |access-date=9 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=PoWO>{{cite web |title=''Saribus rotundifolius'' (Lam.) Blume |date=2017 |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/669832-1 |access-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> }}
'''''Saribus rotundifolius''''', also known as the '''footstool palm''',<ref name=MyBIS/><ref name=ERDB>{{cite web | editor = Marcial C. Amaro Jr. | title = Anahaw | work = Some Familiar Philippine Palms that Produce High Food Value and Tikog | publisher = Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau of the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources | date = January–April 2010 | url = http://erdb.denr.gov.ph/publications/rise/r_v22n1.pdf | format = PDF | access-date = 2013-04-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130522064720/http://erdb.denr.gov.ph/publications/rise/r_v22n1.pdf | archive-date = 2013-05-22 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=Palmweb>{{cite web |title=''Saribus rotundifolius'' (Lam.) Blume, Rumphia 2: 49 (1838) |date=2013 |website=Palmweb |publisher=Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Aarhus University |url=http://www.palmweb.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/89a3f564-8731-458d-b21e-655ca17323e1 |access-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> is a common fan palm found in Southeast Asia.<ref name=FAO>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/3/i1590e/i1590e05.pdf |title=Tropical Palms - Asian region |access-date=2007-01-19 |last=Johnson |first=Dennis V. |date=2010 |work=Non-wood forest products 10/Rev.1 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref> It is a member of the genus ''Saribus''.<ref name=Palmweb/><ref name=BaconBaker2011>{{cite journal |last=Bacon |first=Christine D. |last2=Baker |first2=William J. |date=2011 |title=''Saribus'' resurrected |url=https://www.province-sud.nc/pandoreweb/pandore/document/Document/ff80818167be546e0167be88e52d0c36/fichier?_responseMode=binary |journal=Palms |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=109-116 |access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref>
==Common names== It is called ''anáhaw'' or ''luyong'' in Filipino.<ref name=ERDB/> In Malay the palm is known as ''serdang daun bulat''.<ref name=MyBIS/>
==Taxonomy== ''Saribus rotundifolius'' was first described as ''Corypha rotundifolia'' by the French Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1786.<ref name=ipni2>{{Cite web |title=''Corypha rotundifolia'' |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/666341-1 |website=International Plant Names Index |publisher=The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens |access-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> It was moved to the ''Saribus'' genus by the German-Dutch botanist Carl Ludwig Blume in a publication issued in 1838 or 1839.<ref name=ipni/> This move was generally not accepted by others in the field. In 2011, after DNA research, the reclassification from the ''Livistona'' genus to the resurrected genus ''Saribus'' was official.<ref name=BaconBaker2011/><ref name=Whitmore1970>{{cite book |last=Whitmore |first=T.C. |date=1979 |title=Palms of Malaya |others=2nd impression |edition=2 |location=Petaling Jaya |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=72 |isbn=0 19 580368X}}</ref> The generic epithet ''Saribus'' comes from a local name in one of the Maluku languages, as recorded by the Dutch, ''sariboe''.<ref name=flowindia>{{cite web |url=https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Roundleaf%20Fountain%20Palm.html |title=''Saribus rotundifolius'' - Roundleaf Fountain Palm |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2020 |website=Flowers of India |access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> The specific epithet means 'round-leaved' in Latin.<ref name=Whitmore1970/>
==Description== ''Saribus rotundifolius'' is a hermaphrodite fan palm.<ref name=MyBIS/> The palm is evergreen, erect, and only grows having a single trunk ('solitary'). It grows at a height ranging from 15 to 25 metres,<ref name=Razal2009>{{Cite book |title=Non-Wood Forest Products of the Philippines |last=Razal |first=Ramon |last2=Palijon |first2=Armando |publisher=El Guapo Printing Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-971-579-058-1 |location=Calamba City, Laguna |pages=27}}</ref> exceptionally up to 45 metres tall,<ref name=MyBIS/> and thickness of 15 to 25 cm diameter at breast height.<ref name=MyBIS/><ref name=Razal2009/> Its trunk is smooth and straight with a shallow rings of leaf scars.<ref name=Razal2009/> The trunk is rather massive and tapering. It usually grows to {{Convert|60|ft|m}} tall, but may rarely reach {{Convert|90|ft|m}} tall. The young trees have a green crown. This species is seldom seen with a slight skirt of drooping, dead leaves. The sheaths are chestnut brown in colour.<ref name=Whitmore1970/>
The palmately-lobed leaves are spirally arranged around the trunk. The petioles are long.<ref name=Whitmore1970/><ref name=flowindia/> The entire leaf is some 1.2 metres in length. The leaf blade is entire in its centre,<ref name=Whitmore1970/> and almost round in outline. It is regularly divided to about half of the length and 1.2 metres in diameter.<ref name=flowindia/> The leaf segments are forked, but not deeply, at their ends.<ref name=Whitmore1970/> The leaf segments have one main nerve.<ref name=Backer1968>{{cite book |last=Backer |first=C. A. |last2=Bakhuizen van den Brink |first2=R. C. |date=1968 |title=Flora of Java |volume=III |location=Groningen |publisher=N.V. P. Noordhoff under auspices of Rijksherbarium, Leyden |pages=173, 174 }}</ref>
The flowers are borne on an inflorescence with a long peduncle, about 0.9 to 1.2 metres long. The three-petalled flowers appear in bunches.<ref name=flowindia/>
The fruit is a fleshy drupe.<ref name=flowindia/> It is about 2cm in diameter,<ref name=Whitmore1970/><ref name=flowindia/> quite round,<ref name=Whitmore1970/> and coloured brick red as it ripens, ultimately becoming black when ripe.<ref name=Whitmore1970/><ref name=flowindia/>
==Distribution== The palm is native to Sulawesi and the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and the Philippines. The native distribution stretches from Banggi Island in Sabah, Malaysia, off the north-east coastal tip of Borneo in the west, to the Raja Ampat Islands near Maluku off the north-west tip of Bird's Head Peninsula in Indonesia's West Papua province in the east. Its northernmost native distribution is in the Philippines.<ref name=PoWO/><ref name=Palmweb/> It is abundant throughout the Philippines.<ref name=Palmweb/> It has been introduced into the wild in Java, the Lesser Sunda islands, Peninsular Malaysia and Trinidad and Tobago.<ref name=PoWO/> It has also been introduced to India.<ref name=flowindia/>
On Java it occurs in the west and the central-eastern parts of the island. It is usually found as a cultivated plant, but already in the 1960s in some places it has escaped into the wild, becoming locally very numerous.<ref name=Backer1968/>
==Ecology== The lepidopteran caterpillars of the species ''Suastus gremius'' and ''Elymnias hypermnestra'' have been recorded using ''Saribus rotundifolius'' as a host plant.<ref name=Churi2010>{{cite web |url=https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/larval-host-plants/1226/Saribus-rotundifolius |title=Larval host plants — ''Livistona rotundifolius'' |last=Churi |first=P. |date=2010 |editor1-last=Kunte |editor1-first=K. |editor2-last=Sondhi |editor2-first=S. |editor3-last=Roy |editor3-first=P. |website=Butterflies of India, v. 2.97 |publisher=Indian Foundation for Butterflies |access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> The tree only flowers after it becomes very old. Its flowers are pollinated by bees.<ref name=flowindia/>
==Uses== ''Saribus rotundifolius'' can be grown in humid, tropical areas. It is a common landscaping plant in the Philippines, and has been widely cultivated in Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java and elsewhere, for a long time.<ref name=BaconBaker2011/><ref name=Whitmore1970/><ref name=Backer1968/> The fruit are quite attractive.<ref name=flowindia/> It is cultivated as an ornamental throughout Colombia.<ref name=PoWO/>
The leaves are used for the thatching of roofs and wrapping food. Overharvesting of the leaves of plants causes a reduction in leaf size. The leaves do grow faster after harvest but tend to be smaller.<ref name=FAO/>
The foliage of the ''Saribus rotundifolius'' is the unofficial national leaf of the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web | last = Pangilinan, Jr. | first = Leon | title = In Focus: 9 Facts You May Not Know About Philippine National Symbols | url=http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/9-facts-you-may-not-know-about-philippine-national-symbols/ | date = 3 October 2014 | access-date = 8 January 2019 | publisher = National Commission for Culture and the Arts}}</ref>
== Gallery == <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Sulawesi_trsr_ph11.jpg|''Saribus rotundifolius'' palm in the forest understory in Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Sulawesi Sulawesi trsr ph09.jpg|''Saribus rotundifolius'' ''in situ'' in Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Sulawesi Saribus rotundifolius Livistona rotundifolia in the pot.jpg|''Saribus rotundifolius'' in a pot Saribus rotundifolius Livistona rotundifolia spines on the petiole.jpg|Spines on margins of the petiole of a young plant of ''Saribus rotundifolius'' Saribus rotundifolius fruit (35044307905).jpg|''Saribus rotundifolius'' developing fruit Livistona rotundifolia 3zz.jpg|Base of the trunk in Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami Livistona rotundifolia (4630490513).jpg|Trunk showing leaf scars in India Livistona rotundifolia 7zz.jpg|However, the trunk is covered in persistent leaf bases for a long time Saribus rotundifolius palm "burlap" (35003881756).jpg|The disintegrating frond bases on the trunk of the palm </gallery>
==Conservation== This plant species is common and has been classed as 'least concern'.<ref name=Palmweb/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Symbols of the Philippines}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q17255322}}
Category:Livistoninae Category:Flora of Malesia Category:Flora of New Guinea