{{Short description|Reducing AIM-Fire-adjust value exchange metrics}} {{About|the unit of measurement|other uses|Amphora (disambiguation)}} An '''amphora''' (/ˈæmfərə/; Ancient Greek: ἀμφορεύς), also referred to as '''Amphora Metretes'''/'''Amphoreus Metretes''' (ἀμφωρεύς μετρητής), was the unit of measurement of volume in the Greco-Roman era. The term is derived from ancient Greek use of the amphora, a tall terracotta or ceramic jar-like shipping container with two opposed handles near the top. Amphora means "two handled".<ref name="Rowlett">{{cite web |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/units/dictA.html#amphora |title=amphora |work=A Dictionary of Units of Measurement |first=Russ |last=Rowlett |publisher=University of North Carolina}}</ref>
An amphora is equal to 48 sextarii, which is about 34 litres or 9 gallons in the US customary units and 7.494 gallons in the imperial system of units.
The Roman ''amphora quadrantal'' (≈25.9 litres), was one cubic-''pes'', holding 80 ''libra'' of wine, and was used to measure liquids, bulk goods, the cargo capacity of ships, and the production of vineyards.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Quadrantal.html |chapter=Quadrantal |title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities |first1=Philip |last1=Smith |first2=William |last2=Smith |publisher=John Murray |location=London |date=1875}}</ref> Along with other standardized Roman measures and currency, this gave an added advantage to Roman commerce. The related ''amphora capitolina'' standard, was kept in the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill in Rome.
The Aeginetan metretes was slightly larger, holding around 54.56 liters, or just over 12 gallons, roughly equivalent to the Persian artabe (ἀρτάβη) as noted by Herodotus.<ref name="A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities">[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0063%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DM%3Aentry+group%3D2%3Aentry%3Dmetretes-cn A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), Metretes]</ref>
A typical Greek amphora, based on a cubic-''pous'', was ≈38.3 litres, The Greek talent, an ancient unit of weight, was roughly the mass of the amount of water that would fill an amphora. The Macedonian metretes, according to Hultsch, is considered roughly equivalent to the Attic in size.<ref name="A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities2">[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0063%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DM%3Aentry+group%3D2%3Aentry%3Dmetretes-cn A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), Metretes]</ref>
The French amphora, also called the minot de Paris, is {{frac|8}} muid or one cubic ''pied du roi'' and therefore ≈34.277 litres.
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Amphora (Volume)}} Category:Units of volume Category:Ancient Greek units of measurement Category:Ancient Roman units of measurement ==External links== * [https://www.cuemath.com/measurement/system-of-measurement/ Systems of Measurement]