{{Short description|Citrus fruit and plant}} {{Speciesbox |name = Amanatsu/Kawano natsu daidai |image = Citrus kawanonatsudaidai fruit.jpg |genus = Citrus |species = × natsudaidai |authority = Hayata }}
{{Nihongo|'''Amanatsu'''|甘夏}} or {{nihongo|'''kawano natsu daidai'''|カワノナツダイダイ (川野夏橙)}} is a yellow citrus fruit, a cultivar that originated as a mutation of the {{nihongo|natsu mikan|ナツミカン (夏みかん)}} or {{nihongo|natsu daidai|ナツダイダイ (夏橙)}}. It was discovered in 1935 in Tsukumi, Oita Prefecture, Japan. The original natsu mikan that served as the basis for amanatsu was found in Yamaguchi Prefecture around 1700.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%84%E3%83%9F%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3-770198|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006114721/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%84%E3%83%9F%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3-770198|script-title=ja:ナツミカン|language=ja|publisher=Kotobank|archive-date=6 October 2022|access-date=23 May 2023}}</ref>
== Names == ''Amanatsu'' {{nihongo||甘夏}} means "sweet summer" in Japanese. In Japan, the fruit is known as {{Nihongo3||カワノナツダイダイ（川野夏橙）|kawano natsu daidai}}, but also colloquially the ''amanatsu'', {{nihongo||甘夏橙|amanatsu daidai}}, {{nihongo||甘夏柑|amanatsukan}}, & {{nihongo||甘夏蜜柑（甘夏みかん）|amanatsu mikan}}.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
== Description == Natsumikan is about the size of grapefruit and oblate in shape. The fruit contains 12 segments and about 30 seeds. The rough textured fruit is easy to peel and is commonly eaten fresh. It is also used for wide variety of products ranging from marmalades to alcoholic beverages.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
== Cultivation == Natsumikan is grown commercially in Japan, notably in Yamaguchi, Kumamoto and Ehime prefecture. The city of Hagi is famous for its natsumikans, particularly when used in natsumikan juice and ice cream.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
Yamaguchi Prefecture takes such pride in their natsumikan industry that the typically white crash barriers of Japan were changed to a befitting orange.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
== Genetics == The natsumikan tree is believed to be genetically derived from the pomelo (''Citrus grandis'' or ''Citrus maxima'').{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
== Medicine == Researchers found that immature natsumikan peel is beneficial for the treatment of chronic allergic dermatitis in mice.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Extract from peel of Citrus natsudaidai alleviates experimental chronic allergic dermatitis in mice | pmc=3193614 | pmid=22022162 | doi=10.4103/0974-8490.84999 | volume=3 | year=2011 | journal=Pharmacognosy Research | pages=155–9 | last1 = Nakayama | first1 = N | last2 = Yamaura | first2 = K | last3 = Shimada | first3 = M | last4 = Ueno | first4 = K| issue=3 | doi-access=free }}</ref>
== Gallery == <gallery heights=120px mode=packed-hover> File:Citrus kawanonatsudaidai.jpg|The large bearing tree. File:Citrus-natsudaidai.jpg|Locally at Nagato, Yamaguchi. File:Gardens with natsumikans in hagi.jpg|At street side in Hagi, Yamaguchi. File:Amanatsu trees on Nokonoshima Island.JPG|On Nokonoshima Island. File:Citrus natsudaidai Melanose.jpg|Blossoms. File:Natsudaidai.JPG|On tree. File:Kusune Citrus natsudaidai.JPG|Fruit. </gallery>
== See also == * Citrus tristeza virus * Daidai * Japanese citrus * Mikan
== References == {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== {{Wikispecies|Citrus × aurantium}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/natsudaidai.html Natsudaidai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425073324/https://citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/natsudaidai.html |date=2019-04-25 }} at the Citrus Variety Collection
{{citrus}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q453563}}
Category:Citrus Category:Citrus hybrids Category:Japanese fruit Category:Taxa named by Bunzō Hayata