{{Short description|Pan-Arab newspaper in London (1946–2020)}} {{about-distinguish|a London-based pan-Arab and Saudi newspaper|Al-Hayat Media Center{{!}}the Islamic State's "Al-Hayat Media Center"}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}} {{Infobox newspaper | name = Al Hayat <br /> {{Nobold|{{Noitalic|{{Lang|ar|الحياة}}}}}} | image = Al-hayat-logo.jpg | caption = | type = Daily newspaper | format = Broadsheet | price = Varies by country<br />Less than US$1.00 throughout the Arab world | owners = {{ubl|Khalid bin Sultan<ref name=stats/> | Dar al-Hayat}} | headquarters = London | editor = Saud Al Rayes | publisher = | ISSN = 0967-5590 | website = {{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20200216014714/http://www.alhayat.com/ | alhayat.com}} <sup>archived</sup> | circulation = 150,000 | circulation_date = 2009 | circulation_ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=Circulation|url=http://www.alwataniyagroup.com/pdf/Al-Hayat-English-Booklet.pdf |publisher=Al Watani Group|access-date=1 May 2012 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | founded = 1946 | ceased_publication = {{end date|2020|03}} }} '''''Al-Hayat''''' ({{langx|ar|الحياة}} ''Life'') was an Arabic newspaper founded in 1946. Based in Beirut until 1976, the publication moved to London after its refounding in 1988. It was a pan-Arab newspaper owned by Saudi Prince Khalid bin Sultan, that had a circulation estimated over 200,000.<ref name=stats>{{cite web|title=Statistics on the Arab Media |url=http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/New_Chart.pdf|work=Arab Reform Bulletin|publisher=Carnegie Endowment|access-date=25 April 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041228223054/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/New_Chart.pdf|archive-date=28 December 2004}}</ref><ref name=ftban>{{cite news|last=England|first=Andrew|title=Saudi Arabia Continues Ban on Newspaper|newspaper=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/0f4c446e-565e-11dc-ab9c-0000779fd2ac|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221211191241/https://www.ft.com/content/0f4c446e-565e-11dc-ab9c-0000779fd2ac#axzz1Ke2grtBM|archive-date=11 December 2022|url-access=subscription|access-date=26 April 2011|date=29 August 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> It was the newspaper of record for the Arab diaspora and the preferred venue for liberal intellectuals who wished to express themselves to a large public. Founded in 1946, the paper closed in March 2020 after years of financial problems.<ref name="mee20"/><ref name=centfo>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-26|title=Will the Pandemic Kill Arab Print Journalism?|url=https://tcf.org/content/report/will-pandemic-kill-arab-print-journalism/|access-date=2021-02-01|website=The Century Foundation}}</ref> Though rather pro-West and pro-Saudi with respect to articles concerning the Arabian Peninsula, it was quite open to various opinions concerning other regional questions. ''Al-Hayat'' printed in London, New York, Frankfurt, Dubai, Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, Beirut and Cairo.<ref name=printcopy>{{cite news|title=none|newspaper=Al Hayat|date=10 April 2011}}</ref> The newspaper operated offices in London, Paris, Washington, New York, Moscow, Riyadh, Jeddah, Beirut, Cairo, Baghdad, Dubai, Amman, and Damascus, among others.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
The newspaper was "regarded as by far and away the best and most intensely read Arab newspaper", according to a 1997 article in ''The New York Times''.<ref name=yinyt115>Ibrahim, Youssef, M. (15 January 1997) [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/15/world/al-hayat-a-journalistic-noah-s-ark.html?pagewanted=print "Al Hayat: A Journalistic Noah's Ark"] ''The New York Times'', Retrieved 26 March 2008</ref> A 2005 article in the same paper described ''Al-Hayat'' as a "decidedly Arab nationalist paper".<ref name=nyt05>Fattah, Hassan, M. (6 February 2005). [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/06/weekinreview/06fatt.html?st=cse&sq=%22al+hayat%22+%22Al+Sharq+Al+Awsat%22&scp=2 "Spreading the Word: Who's Who in the Arab Media"] Retrieved 26 March 2008</ref> The newspaper was distributed in most Arab countries, and most of its editors were from Lebanon, where ''Al-Hayat'' was very popular. It was more critical of the Saudi government than its main rival, ''Asharq Al-Awsat''.<ref name=nyt05/>
The newspaper's motto was "Life is belief and struggle" ({{langx|ar|إن الحياة عقيدة وجهاد}}), a line taken from a poem by Egyptian poet Ahmed Shawki.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shawqi|first=Ahmed|title=Life is Belief and Struggle (in Arabic) |url=http://www.almajlis.net/almajlis-a/16355-2010-12-23-15-10-03.html|access-date=2 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226074224/http://www.almajlis.net/almajlis-a/16355-2010-12-23-15-10-03.html}}</ref>
==History== ===Origins: Lebanese daily=== The original ''Al-Hayat'' started as a Lebanese daily newspaper. It was founded by Kamel Mrowa, a Lebanese publisher, journalist, writer and ideologue, in Beirut on 28 January 1946. (He named his daughter, Hayat Mrowa (now Hayat Palumbo, Lady Palumbo), after the newspaper.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}) The paper had a pro-Shia stance, but was one of the critics of the Shia leader Musa Al Sadr.<ref>{{cite book|author=Arash Reisinezhad|title=The Shah of Iran, the Iraqi Kurds, and the Lebanese Shia|year=2019|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=Cham|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-89947-3|isbn=978-3-319-89947-3|page=251|s2cid=187523435|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89947-3}}</ref> It had also an anti-Gamal Abdel Nasser and conservative stance.<ref>{{cite book|author=Fawwaz Traboulsi|title=A History of Modern Lebanon|chapter=From Social Crisis to Civil War (1968–1975) |year=2012|publisher=Pluto Press|location=London|isbn=9780745332741|page=178|edition=2nd|doi=10.2307/j.ctt183p4f5.16 |jstor=j.ctt183p4f5.16 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt183p4f5.16}}</ref> On 16 May 1966 as Mrowa checked final proofs for the next day's edition, an assassin walked into ''Al-Hayat'' Beirut offices and shot him to death. Although the assassin's motive was never conclusively determined, investigators linked the shooting to the newspaper's criticism of the Arab nationalist movement. The publication survived 13 bombing attempts before the Lebanese Civil War finally forced it to shut down in 1976.<ref name=yinyt115/>
===Refounding and new ownership=== ''Al-Hayat'' was restarted by Jamil Mrowa and Adel Bishtawi in 1988.<ref name=yinyt115/> The paper was bought in 1988 by the Saudi Prince Khalid bin Sultan.<ref>{{cite book|author=Mamoun Fandy|title=(Un)civil War of Words: Media and Politics in the Arab World|publisher=Praeger Security International|location=Westport, CT|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5QfURgCJmekC&pg=PP43|year=2007|isbn=978-0-275-99393-1|page=43}}</ref> Owing to the newly relaunched newspaper's majority Christian Lebanese and Christian Palestinian management, critics dubbed ''Al-Hayat'' "a newspaper of minorities in the service of a prince," especially after publishing criticisms by Kurds and Shiites opposed to Saddam Hussein.<ref name="kraidy">{{cite book|author=Marwan Kraidy|author-link=Marwan M. Kraidy|title=Reality Television and Arab Politics: Contention in Public Life|url=https://archive.org/details/realitytelevisio00krai|url-access=limited|year=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/realitytelevisio00krai/page/n94 77]|location=New York}}</ref> "Its ownership by Prince Khalid has meant that the paper treads softly when it comes to disquieting news about Saudi Arabia, a notable exception to its independent stand," according to a 1997 article in ''The New York Times''.<ref name=yinyt115/>
===''Al Hayat'' in the 1990s=== In May 1993, the newspaper scooped every other news organization by breaking the news about the secret Oslo talks between Palestinians and Israelis.<ref name=yinyt115/> ''Al-Hayat'' also initiated a joint news-gathering operation in the mid-1990s with the Saudi-connected Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation.<ref name=kraidy/> In 1996 the Beirut offices of ''Al Hayat'' were closed.<ref>{{cite news|author=Paul Khalifeh |title=Pressing issue: Lebanon's print media is dying|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/pressing-issue-lebanons-print-media-dying|access-date=29 August 2021|work=Middle East Eye|date=11 November 2018}}</ref>
By 1997, ''Al-Hayat'' received criticism from its Arab readers for establishing a bureau in Jerusalem. As of that year, the newspaper had a daily circulation of about 200,000 and was staffed by Muslim, Christian and Druze editors and reporters who formed "a highly professional team", according to a report in ''The New York Times''. The ''Times'' report described the newspaper as a source of "iconoclastic interviews" and "having the most influential cultural pages anywhere in the Arab world, and opening opinion pages to radical reactionary Muslim fundamentalists and virulent anti-religious liberals, pro-Iraqi [under the Saddam Hussein regime) Arab nationalists as well as conservative gulf Arabs." Edward Said of Columbia University was a frequent contributor.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}
In January 1997, at least 14 letter bombs were mailed to the newspaper's headquarters in London and its bureaus in New York, Washington and Riyadh. Two security guards were wounded by one of the bombs as it exploded at the headquarters.<ref name=yinyt115/>
===2002 ban in Saudi Arabia=== On 23 October 2002, Saudi censors banned ''Al-Hayat'' because the edition contained an open letter from 67 American intellectuals that defended the war on terror, and called upon their Saudi counterparts to condemn "militant jihadism" and to further delegitimize the concept by calling such actions un-Islamic.<ref name=wapo2004ban>{{cite news|author=Alan Cooperman|title=Saudis Ban Paper With U.S. Scholars' Letter: International Intellectuals Have Debated Campaign Against Terrorism for Months|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=24 October 2002}}</ref> The publication was part of an exchange between American intellectuals—including Samuel P. Huntington, Francis Fukuyama, and Daniel Patrick Moynihan—and counterparts in the Europe and the Middle East over the moral foundation for the Bush administration's war against terrorism, with the first letter entitled "What We're Fighting For" published in February 2002 during the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan.<ref name="wapo2004ban" /> A group of 153 largely conservative and Wahhabi Saudi scholars had responded in May 2002, in a column entitled "How We Can Coexist," arguing that while Islam does indeed forbid violence against innocent civilians, the root cause of the 11 September attacks was unjust American foreign policy. The American rebuttal, which prompted the one-day Saudi ban of ''Al-Hayat'', insisted that the blame rested squarely upon the governments and societies of the region: "We ask you sincerely to reconsider the tendency ... to blame everyone but your own leaders and your own society for the problems that your society faces,"<ref name="wapo2004ban" />
===2007 ban in Saudi Arabia=== In late August 2007, the Saudi government banned distribution of ''Al-Hayat'' within the Kingdom for less than a week.<ref name="ftban"/> The ban was a culmination of weeks of extended tension between the newspaper and the Saudi information ministry, which the paper's staff alleged to have ordered ''Al-Hayat'' to drop columnist Abdul Aziz Suwaid,<ref name=bbcban>{{cite news|title=Saudis 'ban' pan-Arab newspaper|access-date=26 April 2011|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6968278.stm|work=BBC|date=29 August 2007}}</ref> who had written a number of columns criticizing the government for inefficiencies, including a wave of mysterious deaths among camel populations.<ref name="bbcban"/> In addition to criticism of the agricultural ministry's handling of the camel's death, the paper had also run articles critical of the health ministry after the death of a girl following a medical operation.<ref name="ftban"/> Other reports attributed the ban to the paper's disclosure that a Saudi extremist had played a key role in an Iraqi al-Qa'ida front group.<ref name=usatodayban>{{cite news|author=Salah Nasrawi|title=Saudi government bans leading paper|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-08-28-1466143259_x.htm|access-date=26 April 2011|newspaper=USA Today|date=28 August 2007}}</ref> Although the government and paper both refused to officially comment, a private distribution firm in the kingdom, the National Company of Distribution, told the Associated Press that it had been told not to distribute the paper.<ref name="usatodayban"/> The Saudi edition of the newspaper—with a circulation of 200,000 in Saudi Arabia at the time—did not appear on newsstands for at least three days, with an anonymous source in the Riyadh office telling the ''Financial Times'' that the paper had been told it had "crossed a red line."<ref name="ftban"/>
===2011 reporting on Hamas decampment from Syria=== On 30 April 2011, ''Al-Hayat'' reported that Hamas had taken the decision to leave Syria, citing unnamed Palestinian sources.<ref name=hayathamasleaves>{{cite news|author=Jihan al-Husseini|title=Hamas decides to depart from Damascus and Doha agrees to host its political leadership (Arabic)|url=http://daralhayat.com/internationalarticle/261292|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814072850/http://daralhayat.com/internationalarticle/261292|url-status=usurped|archive-date=14 August 2011|access-date=4 May 2011|newspaper=Al Hayat|date=30 April 2011}}</ref> The article added that-while sources in Gaza reported the refusal of both Jordan and Egypt to host the organization—Qatar had agreed to host its political leadership (though not its military leadership, which the article stated would likely return to Gaza), and that Hamas's political leader Khaled Mashal would be departing Damascus shortly to take up residence in Doha.<ref name="hayathamasleaves"/> On 1 May, ''Al-Hayat'' published a short item noting that a member of Hamas's political bureau in Damascus had issued a statement denying any intent to leave Syria, quoted in the article as stating that Hamas "is still operating from Damascus, and what the media said in this regard is completely false."<ref>{{cite news|title=Hamas denies any intention on its part to depart Damascus (Arabic) |url=http://daralhayat.com/internationalarticle/261529|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814073903/http://daralhayat.com/internationalarticle/261529|url-status=usurped|archive-date=14 August 2011|access-date=4 May 2011|newspaper=Al Hayat|date=1 May 2011}}</ref>
''The New York Times'' reported on the allegations the following day, citing the reports in ''Al Hayat'' as evidence of strained relations between Hamas and the Syrian government, as a result of the 2011 Syrian uprising.<ref name=nytimeshamashayat>{{cite news|author=Ethan Bronner|title=Tensions Rise as Hamas Refuses To Take Sides in Syria|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/03/world/middleeast/03hamas.html|access-date=4 May 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2 May 2011}}</ref> Anonymous Hamas officials cited pressure from the government to take a clear stance against the protests.<ref name="nytimeshamashayat"/> While the political leadership again publicly denied any reports of an impending move—telling the ''Times'' "there is nothing to this report in ''Al Hayat'' that we are going to Qatar," and "it is absolutely not true"—a Syrian historian at an Ohio university, citing contact with sources in Damascus, said that the "Hamas leadership was definitely examining its options, looking at other countries in which it might settle."<ref name="nytimeshamashayat"/>
===2020 closure=== In 2018, the paper suspended its print edition and closed its offices in London, Cairo, Dubai, and Beirut.<ref name=centfo/> At some points, ''Al-Hayat'' failed to pay its staff their salaries for months at a time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=من أعدم "الحياة" السعودية؟.. تحقيق لـ"الخليج أونلاين" يكشف المستور|url=https://alkhaleejonline.net/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86/%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%9F-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82-%D9%84%D9%80%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1|access-date=2021-02-01|website=الخليج أونلاين|language=ar}}</ref> In 2019, the paper stopped updating its website, and in March 2020 the editor-in-chief announced the paper's official closure.<ref name=centfo/><ref name=mee20>{{Cite web|title=Pan-Arab newspaper al-Hayat officially closes after decades of journalism|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-owned-newspaper-al-hayat-suspended-permenantly-after-32-jourmalism|access-date=2021-02-01|website=Middle East Eye}}</ref>
Some Middle East watchers speculated that ''Al-Hayat''{{'s}} financial difficulties stemmed from the pressure campaign that Mohammed bin Salman, the crown prince of Saudi Arabia, was waging on his potential rivals.<ref name=centfo/> ''Al-Hayat'' owner Khalid bin Sultan Al Saud is the son of Sultan bin Abdulaziz, the former crown prince of Saudi Arabia and younger brother of King Salman. Other sources argue that ''Al-Hayat'' simply failed to compete in a challenging media environment.<ref name=mee20/>
==Organization== ''Al-Hayat'' was organized under the larger umbrella of Dar al-Hayat ({{langx|ar|دار الحياة}} "Publishing House of Life"). Its website www.daralhayat.com hosted the content of three different publications: ''Al-Hayat'' (International Edition), published daily in a 24-page spread; ''Al-Hayat KSA'' (Saudi Edition) published over 48 pages on weekdays and 36 pages on weekends; and a weekly woman's magazine ''Laha'' ({{langx|ar|لها}} "For Her").<ref>{{cite web|title=About Al Hayat|url=http://www.daralhayat.com/about|work=Dar al-Hayat|access-date=22 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511223422/http://www.daralhayat.com/about|archive-date=11 May 2011|url-status=usurped|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
===Masthead=== [[File:2012 al Hayat newsstand Tripoli 6835063248.jpg|thumb|right|''Al-Hayat'' on display in Tripoli, Lebanon, 2012]] While Saud Al Rayes<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/9/12/saudi-columnist-jamal-khashoggi-banned-from-writing-in-al-hayat|title=Saudi columnist Jamal Khashoggi 'banned from writing in Al-Hayat'|work=Al Araby|access-date=2018-11-05}}</ref> held the position of editor in chief, Jameel Theyabi was the assistant editor in chief of the Saudi Edition,<ref name="printcopy"/> which was launched in 2005, and has increased circulation in Saudi Arabia from 20,000 to almost 200,000.<ref name="ftban"/><ref name=circ>{{cite web|title=Al Hayat readership and circulation of local Saudi edition|url=http://www.allied-media.com/Arab-American/al_hayat/alhayat_local_edition_saudi_arabia.html|access-date=25 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627143559/http://www.allied-media.com/Arab-American/al_hayat/alhayat_local_edition_saudi_arabia.html|archive-date=27 June 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Additionally, Hassan Haidar served as managing editors in Britain, Zouheir Qoseibati in Lebanon, Raja Rassi as director general and Gilbert Mayni as finance controller.
===Bureaus=== Although ''Al Hayat'' was headquartered in London—the principal location for its editorial, administrative, distribution, and subscriptions offices—the paper also maintained offices in Paris, Washington, DC, New York City, Moscow, Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, Beirut, Cairo, Baghdad, and Damascus.<ref name="printcopy"/>
The three offices in Saudi Arabia reflected the paper's focus on the country as well as the regional division into central (Riyadh), west (Jeddah), and eastern (Dammam) editions.<ref name="circ"/>
In June 2018, the Beirut bureau closed due to financial difficulties and the ''Al-Hayat'' stopped printing its Lebanese edition.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
===Contents=== The international 24-page edition generally contained eight pages of political news (with marked differences from the front page focus of the Saudi edition). The publication also included standard sections such as the features page, the opinion page, an extensive business section (4 pages), a culture and arts page, and a sports section (2 pages), in addition to other rotating sections on youth, as well as a miscellaneous section.<ref name="printcopy"/> On Sundays, the paper published a special supplement called Trends ({{langx|ar|تيارات}} literally, "Currents"), which published two additional pages of criticism and analysis from a variety of viewpoints.<ref name="printcopy"/>
===Prominent columnists=== Many columnists contributed to the op-ed pages of ''Al-Hayat'' ever since it has been relaunched in 1988. Among them are Hazem Saghieh, Abdulwahab Badraghan, Zouhair Koussaibati, Hassan Haidar, Raghida Dargham, Randa Takieddine, Walid Choucair, Salim Nassar, Abdel-Rahman Ayas, Khalid al-Dakhil, a political sociologist and writer, Jamal Khashoggi, who used to be the editor-in-chief of another Saudi paper, ''Al Watan''. Among Saudi female columnists in the Saudi-Gulf edition are Dalia Gazaz, Badriyah Al- Bisher, and Thuraia Al Shihri. The assistant editor in chief of the Saudi-Gulf edition of ''Al Hayat'' in 2013 is Jameel Al-Dhiyabi. Jihad Al Khazen, who was also the founding editor in chief of the rival pan-Arab newspaper ''Asharq Alawsat'',<ref>{{cite news|last=el-Khazen|first=Jihad|title=Ayoon Wa Azan: The First "Scoop"|url=http://www.daralhayat.com/portalarticlendah/221500|access-date=25 April 2011|newspaper=Al-Hayat|date=9 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928211520/http://www.daralhayat.com/portalarticlendah/221500|archive-date=28 September 2011|url-status=usurped|df=dmy-all}}</ref> writes a twice weekly column called "Ayoon wa Azan" ({{langx|ar|عيون وآذان}} "Eyes and Ears") featured on the back page.<ref name="printcopy"/> George Semaan, the former editor in chief writes a political column weekly. Their columns along with selections from other regular columnists are routinely translated into English and made available on the paper's website.<ref>{{cite web|title=English Translations|url=http://www.daralhayat.com/morenews/english|work=Al Hayat|access-date=22 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520164941/http://daralhayat.com/morenews/english| archive-date=20 May 2011 |url-status= usurped}}</ref>
== Editions == ===International edition=== ''Al-Hayat'' was established by its founder Kamel Mroueh in Beirut on 28 January 1946 as an independent international Arabic daily political newspaper. Its publisher reaffirmed those origins on reviving it in 1988, with London as its base. It collects news through a network of correspondents worldwide and is printed in Arab and Western cities linked by satellite to the London offices. Normally 32 pages, it sometimes expands with supplements and special editions.
It was a pioneer among Arabic newspapers in form, mixed news and commentary, professional editing and use of modern communication technology. Like other newspapers, it competed with television news, social media and fast-paced internet information sources.
===Saudi edition === In 2005, ''Al-Hayat'' inaugurated a Saudi edition based in Riyadh. Its three daily editions cover local affairs in Jeddah, Riyadh and Dammam in addition to international news from the Arab world.
=== Digital edition === ''Al Hayat'' started a digital service in October 2002, with a web site accessible worldwide. In May 2012, the digital service began serving mobile media, tablets and mobile phones with interactive features.
===Information Center House=== The Information Center was established in 1988 with the re-location of ''Al-Hayat'' newspaper to London. Then the center was moved to Beirut in 2000.
All outputs of Dar Al-Hayat be it in publication form or electronic were indexed and archived and available them available.
====Archives and documentation==== *Lebanese ''Al-Hayat'' newspaper in the form of image pages: 1946–1976 *''Al-Hayat'' in the form of image pages: 1988– *''Al-Hayat'' newspaper – International Edition: Archives of letter: 1994 *''Al-Hayat'' newspaper – International Edition: PDF pages: 2000– *''Al-Hayat'' newspaper – Riyadh edition: Archives: 2007– *''Al-Hayat'' English language edition. April 2006– *Magazine center-stalled publication: electronic archive: 1994–2004 *''Laha'' supplement magazine: Archives: 2008–
==References== {{Reflist|33em}}
==External links== * {{Official website|http://www.alhayat.com/}}{{dead link|date=October 2020}}
{{Portal bar|Saudi Arabia}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hayat}} Category:1946 establishments in Lebanon Category:2020 disestablishments in the United Kingdom Category:Defunct Arabic-language newspapers Category:Daily newspapers published in the United Kingdom Category:European news websites Category:Newspapers published in London Category:Defunct newspapers published in Saudi Arabia Category:Defunct newspapers published in the United Kingdom Category:Newspapers established in 1946 Category:Newspapers disestablished in 2020 Category:Newspapers published in Beirut Category:Daily newspapers published in Lebanon Category:Defunct daily newspapers