Aerospace manufacturer

{{Short description|Company involved in making aircraft, rockets, or spacecraft}} [[File:A321 final assembly (9351765668).jpg|thumb|An Airbus A321 on final assembly line 3 in the Airbus plant at Hamburg Finkenwerder Airport ]] [[File:AIM in clean room.jpg|thumb|NASA's ''AIM'' (Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere) satellite, assembled in clean room ]]

An '''aerospace manufacturer''' is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, or spacecraft. Aerospace is a high technology industry.

The '''aircraft industry''' is the industry supporting aviation by building aircraft and manufacturing aircraft parts for their maintenance. This includes aircraft and parts used for civil aviation and military aviation. Most production is done pursuant to type certificates and Defense Standards issued by a government body. This term has been largely subsumed by the more encompassing term: "aerospace industry".

== Market ==

In 2015 the aircraft production was worth US$180.3 billion: 61% airliners, 14% business and general aviation, 12% military aircraft, 10% military rotary wing and 3% civil rotary wing; while their MRO was worth $135.1 Bn or ${{#expr:180.3+135.1}} Bn combined.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.aeromontreal.ca/download/fca8adddfff353/01-MRO+Industry+Outlook_Kevin+Michaels.pdf |title= MRO Industry Outlook |author= Kevin Michaels |publisher= ICF International |date= April 28, 2016}}</ref>

The global aerospace industry was worth $838.5 billion in 2017: aircraft & engine OEMs represented 28% (${{#expr:838*.28round0}} Bn), civil & military MRO & upgrades 27% (${{#expr:838*.27round0}} Bn), aircraft systems & component manufacturing 26% (${{#expr:838*.26round0}} Bn), satellites & space 7% (${{#expr:838*.07round0}} Bn), missiles & UAVs 5% (${{#expr:838*.05round0}} Bn) and other activity, including flight simulators, defense electronics, public research accounted for 7% (${{#expr:838*.07round0}} Bn).<ref name=Industry-2017/> The Top 10 countries with the largest industrial bases in 2017 were the United States with $408.4 billion (representing {{#expr:408.4/8.38round0}}% of the whole), followed by France with $69 billion ({{#expr:69/8.38round1}}%), then China with $61.2 billion ({{#expr:61.2/8.38round1}}%), the United Kingdom with $48.8 billion ({{#expr:48.4/8.38round1}}%), Germany with $46.2 billion ({{#expr:46.2/8.38round1}}%), Russia with $27.1 billion ({{#expr:27.1/8.38round1}}%), Canada with $24 billion ({{#expr:24/8.38round1}}%), Japan with $21 billion ({{#expr:21/8.38round1}}%), Spain with $14 billion ({{#expr:14/8.38round1}}%) and India with $11 billion ({{#expr:11/8.38round1}}%). These ten countries represent $731 billion or {{#expr:731/8.38round1}}% of the whole industry.<ref name=Industry-2017>{{cite web |url= https://aerodynamicadvisory.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/AeroDynamic-Teal_Global-Aerospace-Industry_16July2018.pdf |title= The Global Aerospace Industry Size & Country Rankings |date= 16 July 2018 |publisher= The Teal Group / AeroDynamic Advisory |author1= Richard Aboulafia |author-link= Richard Aboulafia |author2= Kevin Michaels |access-date= 19 July 2018 |archive-date= 11 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210111073952/https://aerodynamicadvisory.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/AeroDynamic-Teal_Global-Aerospace-Industry_16July2018.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>

In 2018, the new commercial aircraft value is projected for $270.4 billion while business aircraft will amount for $18 billion and civil helicopters for $4 billion.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/commercial-spending-will-lead-mro-field-2018 |title= Commercial Spending Will Lead MRO Field In 2018 |at= Comparing civil, helicopter, business aviation and military MRO forecasts for 2018 |date= Jan 2, 2018 |author= Lee Ann Shay |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>

== Largest aerospace companies == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ By Revenue ($ billion) ! Company ! 2022<ref name=Flight18August2023>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/top-100-aerospace-companies-ranked-by-revenue/154606.article |title= Top 100 aerospace companies ranked by revenue 2022 |author= Murdo Morrison |date= 18 August 2023 |work= FlightGlobal }}</ref> ! 2019<ref name=Flight15sep2020>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/aerospace/airbus-displaces-boeing-as-aerospaces-biggest-company/140026.article |title= Airbus displaces Boeing as aerospace's biggest company |author= Murdo Morrison |date= 15 September 2020 |work= FlightGlobal }}</ref> ! 2018<ref name=Flight3sep2019>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/globalassets/reports/Top-100-aerospace-companies-by-revenue-2018.pdf |title= Top 100 aerospace companies by revenue 2018 |date= 3 Sep 2019 |work= Flight International}}</ref> ! 2017<ref name=Flight3sep2018>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/24628 |title= Top 100 aerospace companies by revenue 2017 |date= 3 Sep 2018 |work= Flight International}}</ref> ! 2016<ref name=Flight1sep2017>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-top-100-aerospace-companies-grow-more-prof-440409/ |title= Top 100 aerospace companies grow more profitable |work= Flight International |date= 1 September 2017}}</ref> ! 2015<ref name=Flight13sep2016>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/file/?contentId=13060 |title= Top 100 Special Report |work= Flight International |date= 13 September 2016}}</ref> ! 2014<ref name=Flight15Sep2015>{{cite news |url= https://d3fod5fkpt74ph.cloudfront.net/bef643f18cd3410788f767ce75e3e615/f99aa5ad15a843bb899aa1f24f215e1e.pdf |title= Top 100 Aerospace Companies |work= Flight International |date= 15–21 September 2015}}</ref> ! Country |- | RTX Corporation | 67.1 || || || || || || || {{flagcountry|USA}} (In July 2023, Raytheon Technologies Corporation changed its name to RTX Corporation.<ref name="investors.rtx.com">{{cite web |date=July 17, 2023 |title=Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws |url=https://investors.rtx.com/node/40741/html |website=RTX Investors}}</ref>) |- | Airbus<ref group=lower-alpha name=MAXmud/> | 66.6 || 76.6 || 101.0 || 93.4 || 94.6 || 96.1 || 90.8 || {{flag|France}}{{flag|Germany}}{{flag|United Kingdom}}{{flag|Spain}} / {{flag|Europe}} |- | Lockheed Martin | 66.0 || 59.8 || 53.8 || 51.0 || 47.2 || 40.5 || 45.6 || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- | Boeing{{refn|group=lower-alpha|name=MAXmud|In 2019, Airbus displaced Boeing as the largest aerospace company by revenue due to the Boeing 737 MAX groundings, with $2 billion operating losses down from $12 billion profits the previous year.<ref name=Flight15sep2020/>}} | 61.8 || 78.9 || 75.1 || 72.3 || 70.8 || 68.8 || 80.6 || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- | Northrop Grumman | 36.6 || 33.8 || 30.1 || 25.8 || 24.5 || 23.5 || 24.0 || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- | Rostec | 30.0 || || || || || || || {{flag|Russia}} |- | BAE Systems | 27.0 || 22.8 || 12.8 || 13.4 || 13.4 || 13.9 || 13.7 || {{flagcountry|UK}}{{flagcountry|USA}} |- | GE Aerospace | 26.1 || || 30.6 || 27.4 || 26.3 || 24.7 || 24.0 || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- | Safran | 20.0 || || 25.2 || 17.9 || 16.8 || 16.6 || 18.3 || {{flagcountry|France}} |- | Rolls-Royce Holdings | 17.2 || || 15.0 || 12.7 || 12.0 || 13.2 || 14.7 || {{flagcountry|UK}} |- | L3Harris | 17.1 || || || || || || || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- | Leonardo (Finmeccanica) | 15.5 || || 14.4 || 12.5 || 12.8 || 13.9 || 17.2 || {{flagcountry|Italy}}{{flagcountry|UK}} |- | ''United Technologies''{{refn|group=lower-alpha|name=RTmerge|United Technologies merged with the Raytheon Company in April 2020 to form Raytheon Technologies (RTX Corporation).<ref name=mergercomplete>{{cite press release |title=United Technologies and Raytheon Complete Merger of Equals Transaction |url=https://www.rtx.com/News/2020/04/03/United-Technologies-and-Raytheon-Complete-Merger-of-Equals-Transaction |access-date=3 April 2020 |work=www.rtx.com |publisher=Raytheon Technologies |date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> }} | || 46.9 || 36.0 || 30.9 || 29.0 || 33.1 || 36.2 || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- | ''Raytheon Company''<ref group=lower-alpha name=RTmerge/> | || || 27.1 || 25.3 || 24.1 || 23.2 || 22.8 || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ By Operating profit ($ billion) ! Company ! 2022<ref name=Flight18August2023/> ! 2019<ref name=Flight15sep2020/> ! 2018<ref name=Flight3sep2019/> ! 2017<ref name=Flight3sep2018/> ! 2016<ref name=Flight1sep2017/> ! 2015<ref name=Flight13sep2016/> ! 2014<ref name=Flight15Sep2015/> ! Country |- | Lockheed Martin | 8.35 || 8.55 || 7.33 || 5.90 || 5.55 || 4.71 || 5.59 || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- | Airbus<ref group=lower-alpha name=MAXmud/> | 5.60 || 1.5 || 5.95 || 3.70 || 2.40 || 4.34 || 4.50 || {{flag|France}}{{flag|Germany}}{{flag|United Kingdom}}{{flag|Spain}} / {{flag|Europe}} |- | RTX Corporation | 5.41 || || || || || || || {{flagcountry|USA}} (In July 2023, Raytheon Technologies Corporation changed its name to RTX Corporation.<ref name="investors.rtx.com2">{{cite web |date=July 17, 2023 |title=Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws |url=https://investors.rtx.com/node/40741/html |website=RTX Investors}}</ref>) |- | GE Aerospace | 4.78 || || 6.47 || 6.64 || 6.12 || 5.51 || 5.00 || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- | Northrop Grumman | 3.60 || 3.97 || 3.78 || 3.30 || 3.19 || 3.08 || 3.20 || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- | Rostec | 3.18 || || || || || || || {{flag|Russia}} |- | Safran | 2.06 || || 3.43 || 2.58 || 2.54 || 1.71 || 2.74 || {{flagcountry|France}} |- | L3Harris | 1.27 || || || || || || || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- | Leonardo (Finmeccanica) | 0.87 || || 0.59 || 0.90 || 1.05 || 0.94 || 0.72 || {{flag|Italy}}{{flag|United Kingdom}} |- | Boeing<ref group=lower-alpha name=MAXmud/> | -3.55 || -1.98 || 12.00 || 10.30 || 4.90 || 5.18 || 7.47 || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- | BAE Systems | || - || - || - || - || - || - || {{flagcountry|UK}}{{flagcountry|USA}} |- | Rolls-Royce Holdings | || || 0.44 || 1.11 || 0.98 || 1.77 || 2.15 || {{flagcountry|UK}} |- | ''United Technologies''<ref group=lower-alpha name=RTmerge/> | || 5.77 || 3.57 || 3.83 || 3.84 || 3.00 || 4.57 || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- | ''Raytheon Company''<ref group=lower-alpha name=RTmerge/> | || || 4.54 || 3.32 || 3.24 || 3.01 || 3.18 || {{flagcountry|USA}} |- |} {{notelist-la}}

== Geography == [[File:ConsolidatedWomenWorkers.jpg|thumb|A wing bulkhead being drilled at Consolidated Aircraft Corporation in Texas, October 1942]] In September 2018, PwC ranked aerospace manufacturing attractiveness: the most attractive country was the United States, with $240 billion in sales in 2017, due to the size of its industry (#1), an educated workforce (#1), low geopolitical risk (#4, #1 is Japan), strong transportation infrastructure (#5, #1 is Hong Kong), a healthy economy (#10, #1 is China), but high costs (#7, #1 is Denmark) and average tax policy (#36, #1 is Qatar). Following were Canada, Singapore, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.<ref name=PwCsep2018>{{cite web |url= https://www.pwc.com/us/en/industrial-products/publications/assets/pwc-aerospace-manufacturing-attractiveness-rankings-2018.pdf |title= Aerospace manufacturing attractiveness rankings |date= September 2018 |publisher= PwC}}</ref>

Within the US, the most attractive was Washington state, due to the best Industry (#1), leading Infrastructure (#4, New Jersey is #1) and Economy (#4, Texas is #1), good labor (#9, Massachusetts is #1), average tax policy (#17, Alaska is #1) but is costly (#33, Montana is #1). Washington is tied to Boeing Commercial Airplanes, earning $10.3 billion, is home to 1,400 aerospace-related businesses, and has the highest aerospace jobs concentration. Following are Texas, Georgia, Arizona and Colorado.<ref name=PwCsep2018/>

In the US, the Department of Defense and NASA are the two biggest consumers of aerospace technology and products.{{citation needed|date=January 2009}} The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States reported that the aerospace industry employed 444,000 wage and salary jobs in 2004, many of which were in Washington and California,{{citation needed|date=January 2009}} this marked a steep decline from the peak years during the Reagan Administration when total employment exceeded 1,000,000 aerospace industry workers.<ref>Parker, Dana T. ''Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II,'' pp. 131-2, Cypress, CA, 2013.</ref>

During that period of recovery a special program to restore U.S. competitiveness across all U.S. industries, Project Socrates, contributed to employment growth as the U.S. aerospace industry captured 72 percent of world aerospace market. By 1999 U.S. share of the world market fell to 52 percent.

In the European Union, aerospace companies such as Airbus, Safran, BAE Systems, Thales, Dassault, Saab AB, Terma A/S, Patria Plc and Leonardo are participants in the global aerospace industry and research effort.

In Russia, large aerospace companies like Oboronprom and the United Aircraft Corporation (encompassing Mikoyan, Sukhoi, Ilyushin, Tupolev, Yakovlev, and Irkut, which includes Beriev) are among the major global players in this industry.

=== Cities ===

Important locations of the civil aerospace industry worldwide include Seattle, Wichita, Kansas, Dayton, Ohio and St. Louis in the United States (Boeing), Montreal and Toronto in Canada (Bombardier, Pratt & Whitney Canada), Toulouse and Bordeaux in France (Airbus, Dassault, ATR), Seville in Spain and Hamburg in Germany (Airbus), the North-West of England and Bristol in Britain (Airbus and AgustaWestland), Komsomolsk-on-Amur and Irkutsk in Russia (Sukhoi, Beriev), Kyiv and Kharkiv in Ukraine (Antonov), Nagoya in Japan (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Aerospace and Kawasaki Heavy Industries Aerospace), as well as São José dos Campos in Brazil where Embraer is based.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Embraer - Embraer |url=https://www.embraer.com/corporate-about/en/#globalpresence |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.embraer.com}}</ref>

== Consolidation ==

Several consolidations took place in the aerospace and defense industries over the last few decades.

Airbus prominently illustrated the European airliner manufacturing consolidation in the late 1960s.<ref name=AvWeek12jul2018/>

Between 1988 and 2010, more than 5,452 mergers and acquisitions with a total known-value of US$579 billion were announced worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://imaa-institute.org/m-and-a-by-industries/#mergers-acquisitions-industry-Aerospace-Defense |title= Mergers & Acquisitions - Aerospace & Defense |work= Thomson Financial, Institute for Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances}}</ref>

In 1993, then United States Secretary of Defense Les Aspin and his deputy William J. Perry held the "Last Supper" at the Pentagon with contractors executives who were told that there were twice as many military suppliers as he wanted to see: $55 billion in military–industry mergers took place from 1992 to 1997, leaving mainly Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman and Raytheon.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/27/business/shrinking-military-complex-after-cold-war-pentagon-just-another-customer.html |title= The Shrinking Military Complex; After the Cold War, the Pentagon Is Just Another Customer |author= Leslie Wayne |newspaper= New York Times |date= Feb 27, 1998}}</ref> Boeing bought McDonnell Douglas for US$13.3 billion in 1996.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/16/business/boeing-offering-13-billion-to-buy-mcdonnell-douglas-last-us-commercial-rival.html |title=Boeing offering $13 billion to buy McDonnell Douglas |work= New York Times |date= Dec 16, 1996 }}</ref> Raytheon acquired Hughes Aircraft Company for $9.5 billion in 1997.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/raytheon-wins-bidding-war-for-hughes-aircraft-1467/ |title= Raytheon wins bidding war for Hughes Aircraft |date= 22 January 1997 |work=Flight International}}</ref>

BAE Systems is the successor company to numerous British aircraft manufacturers which merged throughout the second half of the 20th century. Many of these mergers followed the 1957 Defence White Paper.{{Citation needed|reason=Specific claim requires source|date=February 2021}} Marconi Electronic Systems, a subsidiary of the General Electric Company, was acquired by British Aerospace for US$12.3 billion in 1999 merger,<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/all-uk-merger-sends-european-defence-into-disarray-47309/ |title= All-UK merger sends European defence into disarray |date= 27 January 1999 |work=Flight International}}</ref> to form BAE Systems.

In 2002, when Fairchild Dornier was bankrupt, Airbus, Boeing or Bombardier declined to take the 728JET/928JET large regional jet program as mainline and regional aircraft manufacturers were split and Airbus was digesting its ill-fated Fokker acquisition a decade earlier.<ref name=AvWeek12jul2018/>

On September 4, 2017, United Technologies acquired Rockwell Collins in cash and stock for $23 billion, $30 billion including Rockwell Collins' net debt, for $500+ million of synergies expected by year four.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.utc.com/News/News-Center/Pages/United-Technologies-To-Acquire-Rockwell-Collins-For-30-Billion.aspx |title= United Technologies To Acquire Rockwell Collins For $30 Billion |date= September 4, 2017 |publisher= United Technologies }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Major aerospace and defence deals 2012-2018 |- ! Target !! Buyer !! data-sort-type="usLongDate" | Closed !! U.S. Bn || scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Reference column heading}} |- | Precision Castparts || Berkshire Hathaway || style="text-align: right;" | January 2016 || style="text-align: right;" | 37.2 || |- | Rockwell Collins || United Technologies || style="text-align: right;" | November 2018 || style="text-align: right;" | 30.0 || |- | Goodrich || United Technologies || style="text-align: right;" | July 2012 || style="text-align: right;" | 18.3 || |- | Orbital ATK || Northrop Grumman || style="text-align: right;" | June 2018 || style="text-align: right;" | 9.2 || <ref>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/world-satellite-business-week/northrop-buy-orbital-more-9b |title= Northrop To Buy Orbital For More Than $9B |date= Sep 18, 2017 |author= Michael Bruno|work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref> |- | Sikorsky || Lockheed Martin || style="text-align: right;" | November 2015 || style="text-align: right;" | 9.0 || |- | B/E Aerospace || Rockwell Collins || style="text-align: right;" | April 2017 || style="text-align: right;" | 8.6 || |- | Alliant Techsystems' A&D Group || Orbital ATK || style="text-align: right;" | February 2015 || style="text-align: right;" | 5.0 || |- | Exelis Inc. || Harris Corporation || style="text-align: right;" | May 2015 || style="text-align: right;" | 4.75 || |- | Avio S.p.A. Aviation Business || General Electric || style="text-align: right;" | August 2013 || style="text-align: right;" | 4.3 || |- | Titanium Metals Corp || Precision Castparts || style="text-align: right;" | December 2012 || style="text-align: right;" | 3.0 || |- | Firth Rixson || Alcoa || style="text-align: right;" | July 2015 || style="text-align: right;" | 2.85 || |}

The Oct. 16, 2017 announcement of the CSeries partnership between Airbus and Bombardier Aerospace could trigger a daisy chain of reactions towards a new order. Airbus gets a new, efficient model at the lower end of the narrowbody market which provides the bulk of airliner profits and can abandon the slow selling A319 while Bombardier benefits from the growth in this expanded market even if it holds a smaller residual stake. Boeing could forge a similar alliance with either Embraer with its E-jet E2 or Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and its MRJ.<ref name=AvWeek18oct2017>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/opinion-c-series-deal-ends-aerospace-status-quo |title= Opinion: C Series Deal Ends Aerospace Status Quo |date= Oct 18, 2017 |author= Jerrold T. Lundquist |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>

On 21 December, Boeing and Embraer confirmed they were discussing a potential merger, with any transaction subject to approval from Brazilian government regulators as well as the companies' boards and shareholders.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/business-aviation/boeing-embraer-mull-combination-could-reset-oem-industry |title= Boeing, Embraer Mull Combination That Could Reset OEM Industry |date= Dec 21, 2017 |author= Michael Bruno and Guy Norris |work= Aviation Week Network}}</ref> The weight of Airbus and Boeing could help E2 and CSeries sales but the 100-150 seats market seems slow.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-mergers-may-fuel-long-awaited-e2-and-cseri-449225/ |title= Mergers may fuel long-awaited E2 and CSeries sales bump |date= 6 June 2018 |author= Jon Hemmerdinger |work=FlightGlobal}}</ref> As the CSeries, renamed A220, and E-jet E2 are more capable than their predecessors, they moved closer to the lower end of the narrowbodies. In 2018, the four Western airframers combined into two within nine months as Boeing acquired 80% of Embraer's airliners for $3.8 billion on July 5.<ref name=AvWeek12jul2018>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/aerospace-consolidation-anew-now-it-s-commercial-airframers |title= Aerospace Consolidation Anew: Now It's The Commercial Airframers |date= Jul 12, 2018 |author= Jens Flottau |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>

On April 3, 2020, Raytheon and United Technologies Corporation (except Otis Worldwide, leaving Rockwell Collins and engine maker Pratt and Whitney) merged to form Raytheon Technologies Corporation, with combined sales of $79 billion in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/systems-and-interiors/united-technologies-raytheon-merger-to-close-today/137735.article |title= United Technologies-Raytheon merger to close today |author= Jon Hemmerdinger |date= 3 April 2020|work= FlightGlobal}}</ref>

The most prominent unions between 1995 and 2020 include those of Boeing and McDonnell Douglas; the French, German and Spanish parts of EADS; and United Technologies with Rockwell Collins then Raytheon, but many mergers projects did not went through: Textron-Bombardier, EADS-BAE Systems, Hawker Beechcraft-Superior Aviation, GE-Honeywell, BAE Systems-Boeing (or Lockheed Martin), Dassault-Aerospatiale, Safran-Thales, BAE Systems-Rolls-Royce or Lockheed Martin–Northrop Grumman.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/airframers/failed-marriages-top-10-aerospace-mergers-that-never-were/137840.article |title= Failed marriages: Top 10 aerospace mergers that never were |author= Murdo Morrison |date= 9 April 2020 |work= FlightGlobal}}</ref>

== Suppliers ==

The largest aerospace suppliers are United Technologies with $28.2 billion of revenue, followed by GE Aerospace with $24.7 billion, Safran with $22.5 billion, Rolls-Royce Holdings with $16.9 billion, Honeywell Aerospace with $15.2 billion and Rockwell Collins including B/E Aerospace with $8.1 billion.<ref name=AW170120>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/connected-aerospace/tier-1-consolidation-continues-safran-takes-over-zodiac |title= Tier 1 Consolidation Continues As Safran Takes Over Zodiac |date= Jan 20, 2017 |author= Thierry Dubois and Jens Flottau |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref> Electric aircraft development could generate large changes for the aerospace suppliers.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/industry-landscape-could-reboot-under-aircraft-electrification |title= Industry Landscape Could Reboot Under Aircraft Electrification |date= Dec 6, 2017 |author= Michael Bruno |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>

On 26 November 2018, United Technologies announced the completion of its Rockwell Collins acquisition, renaming systems supplier UTC Aerospace Systems as Collins Aerospace, for $23 billion of sales in 2017 and 70,000 employees, and $39.0 billion of sales in 2017 combined with engine manufacturer Pratt & Whitney.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.utc.com/News/News-Center/Pages/United-Technologies-Announces-Intention-to-Separate-Into-Three-Independent-Compan.aspx |title= United Technologies Announces Intention to Separate Into Three Independent Companies; Completes Acquisition of Rockwell Collins |date= November 26, 2018 |publisher= United Technologies}}</ref>

== Supply chain ==

Before the 1980s/1990s, aircraft and aeroengine manufacturers were vertically integrated. Then Douglas aircraft outsourced large aerostructures and the Bombardier Global Express pioneered the "Tier 1" supply chain model inspired by automotive industry, with 10-12 risk-sharing limited partners funding around half of the development costs. The Embraer E-Jet followed in the late 1990s with fewer than 40 primary suppliers.  Tier 1 suppliers were led by Honeywell, Safran, Goodrich Corporation and Hamilton Sundstrand.<ref name=AvWeek18may2017/>

In the 2000s, Rolls-Royce reduced its supplier count after bringing in automotive supply chain executives. On the Airbus A380, less than 100 major suppliers outsource 60% of its value, even 80% on the A350. Boeing embraced an aggressive Tier 1 model for the 787 but with its difficulties began to question why it was earning lower margins than its suppliers while it seemed to take all the risk, ensuing its 2011 ''Partnering for Success'' initiative, as Airbus initiated its own ''Scope+'' initiative for the A320. Tier 1 consolidation also affects engine manufacturers : GE Aerospace acquired Avio in 2013 and Rolls-Royce took control of ITP Aero.<ref name=AvWeek18may2017>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/beware-oem-supplier-relations-are-changing |title= Beware, OEM-supplier Relations Are Changing |date= May 18, 2017 |author= Kevin Michaels |work=Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== {{refbegin}} * Hartley, Keith. ''The Political Economy Of Aerospace Industries: A Key Driver of Growth and International Competitiveness?'' (Edward Elgar, 2014); 288 pages; the industry in Britain, continental Europe, and the US with a case study of BAE Systems. * Newhouse, John. ''The Sporty Game: The High-Risk Competitive Business of Making and Selling Commercial Airliners.'' New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982. {{ISBN|978-0-394-51447-5}}.

* Wills, Jocelyn. ''Tug of War: Surveillance Capitalism, Military Contracting, and the Rise of the Security State'' (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2017), scholarly history of MDA in Canada. [https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=59519 online book review] {{refend}}

==External links== * {{cite web |url= http://www.aia-aerospace.org |title= U.S. Aerospace Industries Association}} * {{cite web |url= http://grundmanadvisory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/AD-MAP_2017_Grundman-Advisory.pdf |title= Aerospace, Defense & Government Services – Mergers & Acquisitions (January 1993 - December 2016) |publisher= Grundman Advisory |date= 6 Apr 2017 |access-date= 10 April 2017 |archive-date= 5 July 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240705215211/https://grundmanadvisory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/AD-MAP_2017_Grundman-Advisory.pdf |url-status= dead }} * {{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/opinion-airframers-should-watch-where-they-squeeze-suppliers-1 |title= Opinion: Airframers Should Watch Where They Squeeze Suppliers |date= Feb 22, 2018 |author= Jens Flottau |magazine= Aviation Week & Space Technology}} * [https://www.part-miner.com/fsg/15 Aerospace Craft & Structural Components]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aerospace Manufacturer}} Manufacturer *Manufacturer

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