{{short description|Genus of mosquitoes}} {{About|the genus of mosquito}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Aedes aegypti feeding.jpg | image_caption = ''Aedes aegypti'' | taxon = Aedes | authority = Meigen, 1818 | type_species = ''Aedes cinereus'' | type_species_authority = Meigen, 1818 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = List of Aedes species }}
'''''Aedes''''' (also known as the '''tiger mosquito'''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Wilkerson |first1=Richard C. |title=Mosquitoes of the World |last2=Linton |first2=Yvonne-Marie |last3=Strickman |first3=Daniel |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-4214-3814-6 |volume=1 |location=Baltimore, Maryland |pages=222 |chapter=Genera and Medically Important Species Pages |lccn=2019041641}}</ref> or colloquially "'''dengue mosquito'''") is a genus of mosquitoes originally found in tropical and subtropical zones, but now found on all continents except Antarctica. Some species have been spread by human activity: ''Aedes albopictus'', a particularly invasive species, was spread to the Americas, including the United States, in the 1980s, by the used-tire trade.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hawley |first1=William A. |last2=Reiter |first2=Paul |last3=Copeland |first3=Robert S. |last4=Pumpuni |first4=Charles B. |last5=Craig |first5=George B. |date=1987-05-29 |title=''Aedes albopictus'' in North America: Probable Introduction in Used Tires from Northern Asia |url=https://www.science.org/doi/epdf/10.1126/science.3576225 |journal=Science |volume=236 |issue=4805 |pages=1114–1116 |doi=10.1126/science.3576225 |pmid=3576225 |bibcode=1987Sci...236.1114H |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
It was first described and named by German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818; the generic name comes from Ancient Greek {{lang|grc|ἀηδής}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|aēdēs}}), meaning 'unpleasant' or 'odious'. The type species for ''Aedes'' is ''Aedes cinereus''.<ref name="wrbu">{{cite web |publisher=Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit |title=''Aedes'' |url=http://www.wrbu.org/generapages/aedes.htm |access-date=2016-02-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406045909/http://www.wrbu.org/generapages/aedes.htm |archive-date=2016-04-06 }}.</ref>
==Systematics and phylogeny== thumb|100 px|right|''Aedes (Stegomyia) pia'', described in 2013.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Le Goff G, Brengues C, Robert V | title = Stegomyia mosquitoes in Mayotte, taxonomic study and description of Stegomyia pia n. sp | journal = Parasite | volume = 20 | pages = 31 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24025625 | pmc = 3770211 | doi = 10.1051/parasite/2013030 | doi-access = free}}</ref>
The genus was named by Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818. The generic name comes from the Ancient Greek {{lang|grc|ἀηδής}}, {{lang|grc-Latn|aēdēs}}, meaning 'unpleasant'{{vague|didn't you just mention that above?|date=April 2025}}<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1590/0074-0276130395 |title=History of domestication and spread of ''Aedes aegypti'' - A Review |year=2013 |last1=Powell |first1=Jeffrey R.|last2=Tabachnick |first2=Walter J. |journal=Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz |volume=108 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=11–17 |pmid=24473798 |pmc=4109175 }}</ref> or 'odious'.
As historically defined, the genus contains more than 950 species (see the list of ''Aedes'' species). The genus has been divided into several subgenera (''Aedes'', ''Diceromyia'', ''Finlaya'', ''Stegomyia'', etc.), most of which have been recently treated by some authorities as full genera.<ref>{{cite journal| vauthors = Reinert JF, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ |title=Phylogeny and classification of Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae), based on morphological characters of all life stages |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=142 |issue=3 |pages=289–368 |year=2004 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00144.x |doi-access=free }}</ref> The classification was revised in 2009.<ref name="reinert2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Reinert JF, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ | date = 2009 | title = Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae) | journal = Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume = 157 | issue = 4 | pages = 700–794 | doi = 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00570.x | url = http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources-rx/files/reinert-et-al-2009-58741.pdf | doi-access = free }}</ref>
==Characteristics== ''Aedes'' mosquitoes are visually distinctive because they have noticeable black and white banding and/or patches on their bodies and legs. Unlike most other mosquitoes, they are active and bite only during the daytime. The peak biting periods are early in the morning and in the evening before dusk.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue |title=Dengue and severe dengue |publisher=World Health Organization |date=24 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue |title=Dengue and severe dengue |publisher=World Health Organization |date=19 May 2021}}</ref>
==As disease vectors== Members of the genus ''Aedes'' are known vectors for numerous viral infections, including dengue fever, yellow fever, the Zika virus,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html |title=CDC Transmission of Zika virus |access-date=2017-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920205105/https://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html |archive-date=2017-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and chikungunya, which are transmitted by species in the subgenus ''Stegomyia'' such as ''A. aegypti'' and ''A. albopictus''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D11605%26Itemid%3D0%26lang%3Den |title=PAHO Statement on Zika Virus Transmission and Prevention | date = 2 February 2016 | work = Pan American Health Organization |access-date=2016-01-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126055104/http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11605&Itemid=0&lang=en |archive-date=2016-01-26 }}</ref> Infections with these viruses are typically accompanied by a fever, and in some cases, encephalitis, which can lead to death. A vaccine to provide protection from yellow fever exists, and measures to prevent mosquito bites include insecticides such as DDT, mosquito traps, insect repellents, mosquito nets, and pest control using genetically modified insects.<ref>{{Cite news |title=EPA OKs plan to release 2.4 million more genetically modified mosquitoes |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/epa-oks-plan-release-24-million-genetically-modified-mosquitoes-rcna19738 |access-date=2022-03-13 |publisher=NBC News |last=Fitzsimons |first=Tom |date=11 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In Polynesia, the species ''Aedes polynesiensis'' is responsible for the transmission of human lymphatic filariasis.
''Aedes'' can be detected and monitored by ovitraps.
==Sequencing== The genome of the yellow fever mosquito (''Aedes aegypti'') was sequenced by the Broad Institute and the Institute for Genomic Research. The initial assembly was released in August 2005; a draft sequence of the genome and preliminary analysis was published in June 2007.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nene V, Wortman JR, Lawson D, Haas B, Kodira C, Tu ZJ, Loftus B, Xi Z, Megy K, Grabherr M, Ren Q, Zdobnov EM, Lobo NF, Campbell KS, Brown SE, Bonaldo MF, Zhu J, Sinkins SP, Hogenkamp DG, Amedeo P, Arensburger P, Atkinson PW, Bidwell S, Biedler J, Birney E, Bruggner RV, Costas J, Coy MR, Crabtree J, Crawford M, Debruyn B, Decaprio D, Eiglmeier K, Eisenstadt E, El-Dorry H, Gelbart WM, Gomes SL, Hammond M, Hannick LI, Hogan JR, Holmes MH, Jaffe D, Johnston JS, Kennedy RC, Koo H, Kravitz S, Kriventseva EV, Kulp D, Labutti K, Lee E, Li S, Lovin DD, Mao C, Mauceli E, Menck CF, Miller JR, Montgomery P, Mori A, Nascimento AL, Naveira HF, Nusbaum C, O'leary S, Orvis J, Pertea M, Quesneville H, Reidenbach KR, Rogers YH, Roth CW, Schneider JR, Schatz M, Shumway M, Stanke M, Stinson EO, Tubio JM, Vanzee JP, Verjovski-Almeida S, Werner D, White O, Wyder S, Zeng Q, Zhao Q, Zhao Y, Hill CA, Raikhel AS, Soares MB, Knudson DL, Lee NH, Galagan J, Salzberg SL, Paulsen IT, Dimopoulos G, Collins FH, Birren B, Fraser-Liggett CM, Severson DW | display-authors = 6 | title = Genome sequence of ''Aedes aegypti'', a major arbovirus vector | journal = Science | volume = 316 | issue = 5832 | pages = 1718–23 | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17510324 | pmc = 2868357 | doi = 10.1126/science.1138878 | bibcode = 2007Sci...316.1718N }}</ref> The annotated genome is available at VectorBase.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Aedes aegypti''|url=https://www.vectorbase.org/organisms/aedes-aegypti|publisher=VectorBase|access-date=3 November 2013|archive-date=1 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801101734/https://www.vectorbase.org/organisms/aedes-aegypti|url-status=dead}}</ref> An updated and improved version of the ''Aedes aegypti'' genome was released in 2018.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Matthews BJ, Dudchenko O, Kingan SB, Koren S, Antoshechkin I, Crawford JE, Glassford WJ, Herre M, Redmond SN, Rose NH, Weedall GD, Wu Y, Batra SS, Brito-Sierra CA, Buckingham SD, Campbell CL, Chan S, Cox E, Evans BR, Fansiri T, Filipović I, Fontaine A, Gloria-Soria A, Hall R, Joardar VS, Jones AK, Kay RG, Kodali VK, Lee J, Lycett GJ, Mitchell SN, Muehling J, Murphy MR, Omer AD, Partridge FA, Peluso P, Aiden AP, Ramasamy V, Rašić G, Roy S, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Sharan S, Sharma A, Smith ML, Turner J, Weakley AM, Zhao Z, Akbari OS, Black WC, Cao H, Darby AC, Hill CA, Johnston JS, Murphy TD, Raikhel AS, Sattelle DB, Sharakhov IV, White BJ, Zhao L, Aiden EL, Mann RS, Lambrechts L, Powell JR, Sharakhova MV, Tu Z, Robertson HM, McBride CS, Hastie AR, Korlach J, Neafsey DE, Phillippy AM, Vosshall LB | display-authors = 6 | title = Improved reference genome of ''Aedes aegypti'' informs arbovirus vector control | journal = Nature | volume = 563 | issue = 7732 | pages = 501–507 | date = November 2018 | pmid = 30429615 | pmc = 6421076 | doi = 10.1038/s41586-018-0692-z | bibcode = 2018Natur.563..501M }}</ref>
== See also ==
== References == {{Reflist}}
== External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111124062740/http://www.dengue.gov.sg/subject.asp?id=12 Singapore Government dengue site that describes the mosquito] * {{cite web |title=''Aedes'' |work=NCBI Taxonomy Browser |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=7158 |id=7158}}
{{Culicidae taxonomy}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q310911}}
Category:Aedes Category:Insects described in 1818 Category:Mosquito genera Category:Taxa named by Johann Wilhelm Meigen