Advanced superionic conductor

{{Short description|Electric-conducting material with near-optimal ion transport}} '''An advanced superionic conductor''' ('''AdSIC''') in materials science, is a fast-ion conductor that has a crystal structure close to optimal for fast-ion transport (FIT).

== History == The term was introduced in a paper by A.L. Despotuli, A.V. Andreeva and B. Rambaby.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Despotuli, Andreeva and Rambaby | date = June 7, 2006 | title = Nanoionics of advanced superionic conductors | journal = Ionics | volume = 11 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 306–314 | doi = 10.1007/BF02430394 | s2cid = 53352333 }}</ref>

== Characteristics == The rigid ion sublattice of Advanced SuperIonic Conductors (AdSICs) has structure channels where mobile ions of opposite sign migrate. Their ion-transport characteristics display ionic conductivity of ~0.3/Ω cm (RbAg₄I₅, 300 K) and activation energy of E_i~0.1 eV. This determines the temperature-dependent concentration of mobile ions ni~Ni x e^Ei/kBT capable to migrate in conduction channels at each moment (Ni~10²²/cm³, ni~2×10²⁰/cm³, 300 K).

The Rubidium silver iodide–family is a group of AdSIC compounds and solid solutions that are isostructural with the RbAg₄I₅ alpha modification. Examples of such compounds with mobile Ag⁺- and Cu⁺-cations include KAg₄I₅, NH₄Ag₄I₅, K_1−xCs_xAg₄I₅, Rb_1−xCs_xAg₄I₅, CsAg₄Br_1−xI_2+x, CsAg₄ClBr₂I₂, CsAg₄Cl₃I₂, RbCu₄Cl₃I₂ and KCu₄I_5.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Geller|first=S.|date=1967-07-21|title=Crystal Structure of the Solid Electrolyte, RbAg₄I₅|journal=Science|language=en|volume=157|issue=3786|pages=310–312|doi=10.1126/science.157.3786.310|issn=0036-8075|pmid=17734228|bibcode=1967Sci...157..310G|s2cid=44294829}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Geller|first=S.|date=1979-01-01|title=Crystal structure and conductivity of the solid electrolyte|journal=Physical Review B|volume=19|issue=10|pages=5396–5402|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.19.5396}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hull|first1=S|last2=Keen|first2=D.A|last3=Sivia|first3=D.S|last4=Berastegui|first4=P|title=Crystal Structures and Ionic Conductivities of Ternary Derivatives of the Silver and Copper Monohalides|journal=Journal of Solid State Chemistry|language=en|volume=165|issue=2|pages=363–371|doi=10.1006/jssc.2002.9552|year=2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lichkova|first1=N. V.|last2=Despotuli|first2=A. L.|last3=Zagorodnev|first3=V. N.|last4=Minenkova|first4=N. A.|last5=Shakhlevich|first5=K. V.|date=1989-01-01|title=Ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes in two- and three-component glass forming systems AgX-CsX (X=Cl, Br, I)|url=http://inis.iaea.org/Search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:21062056|journal=Ehlektrokhimiya|language=ru|volume=25|issue=12|pages=1636–1640|issn=0424-8570}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Studenyak|first1=I. P.|last2=Kranjčec|first2=M.|last3=Bilanchuk|first3=V. V.|last4=Kokhan|first4=O. P|last5=Orliukas|first5=A. F.|last6=Kezionis|first6=A.|last7=Kazakevicius|first7=E.|last8=Salkus|first8=T.|date=2009-12-01|title=Temperature variation of electrical conductivity and absorption edge in Cu7GeSe5I advanced superionic conductor|journal=Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids|volume=70|issue=12|pages=1478–1481|doi=10.1016/j.jpcs.2009.09.003|bibcode=2009JPCS...70.1478S}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Despotuli|first1=A.L.|last2=Zagorodnev|first2=V.N.|last3=Lichkova|first3=N.V.|last4=Minenkova|first4=N.A.|year=1989|title=New high conductive CsAg4Br1−xI2+x (0.25 < x <1) solid electrolytes|journal=Soviet Physics - Solid State|volume=31|pages=242–244}}</ref>

RbAg₄I₅ AdSIC displays peculiar features of crystal structure and dynamics of mobile ions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Funke|first1=Klaus|last2=Banhatti|first2=Radha D.|last3=Wilmer|first3=Dirk|last4=Dinnebier|first4=Robert|last5=Fitch|first5=Andrew|last6=Jansen|first6=Martin|date=2006-03-01|title=Low-Temperature Phases of Rubidium Silver Iodide: Crystal Structures and Dynamics of the Mobile Silver Ions|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry A|volume=110|issue=9|pages=3010–3016|doi=10.1021/jp054807v|pmid=16509622|issn=1089-5639}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chang|first1=Jen-Hui|last2=Zürn|first2=Anke|last3=von Schnering|first3=Hans Georg|date=2008-10-01|title=Hyperbolic Cation Diffusion Paths in α-RbAg₄I₅ Type Superionic Conductors|journal=Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie|language=en|volume=634|issue=12–13|pages=2156–2160|doi=10.1002/zaac.200800343|issn=1521-3749}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Effect of relative humidity on the reaction kinetics in rubidium silver iodide based all-solid-state battery |journal=Electrochimica Acta |date=20 September 2020 |volume=355 |article-number=136779 |doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136779 |last1=Akin |first1=Mert |last2=Wang |first2=Yuchen |last3=Qiao |first3=Xiaoyao |last4=Yan |first4=Zhiwei |last5=Zhou |first5=Xiangyang }}</ref>

Recently, all solid state micrometre-sized supercapacitors based on AdSICs (nanoionic supercapacitors) had been recognized as critical electron component of future sub-voltage and deep-sub-voltage nanoelectronics and related technologies (22&nbsp;nm technological node of CMOS and beyond).<ref>{{cite journal | author = Александр Деспотули, Александра Андреева | year = 2007 | script-title=ru:Высокоёмкие конденсаторы для 0,5 вольтовой наноэлектроники будущего | journal = Современная Электроника | issue = 7 | pages = 24–29 | url = http://www.nanometer.ru/2007/10/17/nanoionnie_superkondensatori_4879/PROP_FILE_files_1/Despotuli_Andreeva_Modern_Electronics_2007.pdf | language = ru | access-date = 2007-11-02 }} {{cite journal | author = Alexander Despotuli, Alexandra Andreeva | year = 2007 | title = High-capacity capacitors for 0.5 voltage nanoelectronics of the future | journal = Modern Electronics | issue = 7 | pages = 24–29 | url = http://www.nanometer.ru/2007/10/17/nanoionnie_superkondensatori_4879/PROP_FILE_files_2/Despotuli_Andreeva_Modern_Electronics_2007(ENG).pdf| access-date = 2007-11-02 }}</ref> Researchers also developed an all-solid-state battery employing RbAg₄I₅ superionic conductor.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Yuchen |last2=Akin |first2=Mert |last3=Qiao |first3=Xiaoyao |last4=Yan |first4=Zhiwei |last5=Zhou |first5=Xiangyang |title=Greatly enhanced energy density of all‐solid‐state rechargeable battery operating in high humidity environments |journal=International Journal of Energy Research |date=September 2021 |volume=45 |issue=11 |pages=16794–16805 |doi=10.1002/er.6928|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==References== {{reflist|30em}}

== External links == * {{Cite web|url=http://ruby.chemie.uni-freiburg.de/Vorlesung/Strukturtypen/sonstige_rbag4i5.html|title=Strukturtypen-Datenbank|website=ruby.chemie.uni-freiburg.de|access-date=2017-03-10}}

Category:Electricity