Abhurite

{{Short description|Mineral of tin, oxygen, hydrogen, and chlorine}} {{Infobox mineral | name = Abhurite | boxwidth = | boxbgcolor = | image = Abhurite - Shipwreck Hydra, South coast of Norway.jpg | imagesize = 260px | alt = | caption = Brownish tabular crystals of abhurite from Shipwreck "Hydra", South coast of Norway | category = Halide mineral | formula = Sn₂₁O₆(OH)₁₄Cl₁₆ |IMAsymbol=Abh<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|doi-access=free}}</ref> | molweight = | strunz = 3.DA.30 | system = Trigonal | class = Trapezohedral (32) <br/>H-M symbol: (32) | symmetry = ''R3 2'' | unit cell = a = 10.0175 Å, c = 44.014 Å; Z=3 | color = Colorless/Pale yellow-greenish | colour = | habit = Platy, thin crystals, cryptocrystalline crusts | twinning = On 0001 | cleavage = None | fracture = Hackly | tenacity = Fragile | mohs = 2 | luster = | streak = White | diaphaneity = Transparent | gravity = 4.42 | density = 4.42 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.417 g/cm3 (Calculated) | polish = | opticalprop = Uniaxial (+) | refractive = n_ω = 2.060 n_ε = 2.110 | birefringence = δ = 0.050 | pleochroism = | 2V = | dispersion = | extinction = | length fast/slow = | fluorescence = | absorption = | melt = | fusibility = | diagnostic = | solubility = | impurities = | alteration = | other = opalescent | prop1 = | prop1text = | references = <ref name=Mindat>[http://www.mindat.org/min-4.html Mindat.org – Abhurite]</ref><ref>[http://www.webmineral.com/data/Abhurite.shtml Webmineral.org – Abhurite]</ref><ref name=HBN>{{Cite web |url=http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/abhurite.pdf |title=Handbook of Mineralogy – Abhurite |access-date=2013-01-26 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024808/http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/abhurite.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> }}

'''Abhurite''' is a mineral of tin, oxygen, hydrogen, and chlorine with the formula Sn₂₁O₆(OH)₁₄Cl₁₆<ref name=HBN/><ref name=Mindat/> or Sn₃O(OH)₂Cl₂.<ref>Richard V. Gaines, H. Catherine W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, and Abraham Rosenzweig: "Dana's new mineralogy", p. 401. John Wiley & Sons, 1997</ref> It is named after its type locality, a shipwreck with tin ingots at Sharm Abhur, a cove near Jeddah in the Red Sea. Abhurite forms alongside other tin minerals like romarchite and cassiterite.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Memet|first1=J. B.|chapter=The corrosion of metallic artefacts in seawater: descriptive analysis|pages=152–169|title=Corrosion of Metallic Heritage Artefacts: Investigation, Conservation and Prediction of Long Term Behaviour |editor-last=Dillmann|editor-first=P.|editor-last2=Beranger|editor-first2=G.|editor-last3=Piccardo|editor-first3=P.|editor-last4=Matthiessen|editor-first4=H.|date=2007|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9781845693015|doi=10.1533/9781845693015.152}}</ref> Abhurite can vary in color, from pale green/yellow to darker brown/green.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mindat.org |url=https://www.mindat.org/photoscroll.php?frm_id=pscroll&cform_is_valid=1&searchbox=Abhurite&submit_pscroll=Search |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=www.mindat.org}}</ref>

== Locality and formation == Abhurite is attributed for forming on tin materials when in contact with sea water. The mineral was described in 1977 from a shipwreck near Hidra Island, Norway, where it occurred on pewter plates. However, that report was not recognized by the International Mineralogical Association.<ref name="Mindat" /> Along with Sharm Abhur and the shipwreck near Hidra Island, abhurite was found on tin ingots in the Uluburun shipwreck. On the ingots, it was found with other tin minerals like cassiterite and romarchite, and calcium carbonate minerals like calcite and aragonite.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YM-AQAAIAAJ&q=abhurite|title=Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology VI: Symposium Held November 26–30, 2001, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.|last1=Vandiver|first1=Pamela B.|last2=Goodway|first2=Martha|last3=Mass|first3=Jennifer L.|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Materials Research Society|isbn=9781558996489|language=en}}</ref>

==See also== * List of minerals

==References== {{Commons category}} {{Wiktionary}} {{Reflist}}

Category:Tin minerals Category:Oxide minerals Category:Hydroxide minerals Category:Chloride minerals Category:Trigonal minerals Category:Minerals in space group 155 Category:Minerals described in 1977

{{Halide-mineral-stub}}