{{Short description|Town in Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland}} {{see also|Sulechów, Lesser Poland Voivodeship}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Sulechów | image_skyline = 19640 Sulechow ratusz.JPG | image_caption = Town hall | image_flag = POL Sulechów flag.svg | image_shield = POL Sulechów COA.svg | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Lubusz}} | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Zielona Góra | subdivision_type3 = Gmina | subdivision_name3 = Sulechów | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Wojciech Sołtys <br /> (2018–2029) | area_total_km2 = 6.83 | population_as_of = 2024-06-30<ref>{{cite web |title=Gmina Sulechów Biuletyn Informacji Publicznej|url=https://www.bip.sulechow.pl/|website=www.bip.sulechow.pl|publisher=Biuletyn Informacji Publicznej|date=2024-06-30|access-date=2024-07-02|language=pl}}</ref> | population_total = 14035 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | coordinates = {{coord|52|5|N|15|37|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}} | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 66-100 | area_code = +48 68 | registration_plate = FZI | blank_name = Climate | blank_info = Cfb | blank_name_sec2 = Primary airport | blank_info_sec2 = Zielona Góra Airport | blank1_name_sec2 = Highways | blank1_info_sec2 = 32px|link=Expressway S3 (Poland) | blank2_name_sec2 = National roads | blank2_info_sec2 = 32px|link=National road 32 (Poland) | website = {{URL|https://www.sulechow.pl/}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 11 | mapframe-wikidata = yes }} '''Sulechów''' (<small>pronounced</small> {{respell|Sue|leh|hoof}} {{IPAc-pl|s|u|'|l|e|h|u|f}}, {{langx|de|Züllichau}}) is a town located within the Zielona Góra County, in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland.{{TERYT}} It is the administrative seat of the Gmina Sulechów. Established in the Middle Ages, the town features many historical monuments significant to the Polish Lubusz region. The town limits cover {{convert|6.83|km2|sqmi}}.
==Geography== Sulechów is situated in the historic Lower Silesia region, north of the Oder river. The town centre is located about {{convert|22|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of the regional capital Zielona Góra, where the national road 32 to Poznań crosses the expressway S3 to Gorzów Wielkopolski. The regional Zielona Góra Airport is about {{convert|14|km|mi|abbr=on}} away.
==History== The settlement of the region on the Middle Oder dates back to the 4th century AD.
===Medieval Poland=== In the late 10th century, the area was included in the emerging Polish state by its first historic ruler Mieszko I of the Piast dynasty.<ref name=miast/> It became part of the Duchy of Silesia, a province of fragmented Poland, in 1138, and, later belonged to the Silesian Duchy of Głogów,<ref name=miast/> established in 1249–1251 under the rule of Duke Konrad I. In the beginning of the 14th century, Sulechów was encompassed by defensive walls.<ref name=zab>{{cite web|url=https://zabytek.pl/pl/obiekty/sulechow-mury-obronne|title=Mury obronne|website=Zabytek.pl|author=Marta Kłaczkowska|access-date=3 June 2021|language=pl}}</ref> [[File:Sulechów, Wieża zamku.jpg|thumb|left|Sulechów Castle and former Calvinist church]] The settlement itself was first mentioned in a 1319 deed, at the time when the warlike Ascanian margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg campaigned the area, occupying Sulechów and neighbouring Świebodzin. Margrave Waldemar, however, died in the same year, and the localities fell back to the Piast dukes of Głogów.<ref name=miast>[http://www.sulechow.pl/index.php?id=46&lng=pl Sulechów - Internetowy Serwis Miejski<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229200729/http://www.sulechow.pl/index.php?lng=pl&id=46 |date=2011-12-29 }}</ref>
When the last Piast duke Henry XI of Głogów died without issue in 1476, inheritance claims were raised by his widow Barbara of Brandenburg and her father, the Hohenzollern elector Albrecht Achilles. The Brandenburg influence met with fierce opposition by Henry's Piast cousin, Duke Jan II the Mad of Żagań, who nevertheless after several years of fighting had to sign an agreement, whereby the Silesian towns of Crossen (Krosno) and the town passed to the Margraviate of Brandenburg as a fief of the Bohemian (Czech) Kingdom,<ref name=pwn>{{cite web|url=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Sulechow;3981183.html|title=Sulechów|website=Encyklopedia PWN|access-date=5 February 2020|language=pl}}</ref> an integral part of the Holy Roman Empire.
===Modern era=== thumb|left|Krosno Gate Along with Crossen, Sulechów, under the Germanized name ''Züllichau'',<ref name=pwn/> was incorporated into the Brandenburg ''Neumark'' district by 1535, ruled by Margrave John of Brandenburg-Küstrin who implemented the Protestant Reformation. Two years later, the Piast duke Joachim of Münsterberg-Oels and his younger brothers officially waived any rights to the Crossen and Züllichau territories. Part of Brandenburg-Prussia from 1618, the town was devastated during the Thirty Years' War but again flourished under the rule of the "Great Elector" Frederick William. From the 17th century, clothmaking developed.<ref name=pwn/> Polish Reformed Church services were held in the town between 1684 and 1725.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gresch|first=Eberhard|title=Im Blickpunkt der Geschichte der Reformation: Evangelisch-Reformierte in (Ost-)Preußen|year=2012|page=13}}</ref>
Züllichau was part of the newly established Kingdom of Prussia since 1701. It became a garrison town of the Prussian Army. In March 1735, officials of the confederation of King Stanisław Leszczyński's supporters in the War of the Polish Succession stopped in the town.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ciesielski|first=Tomasz|editor-last=Gieszczyński|editor-first=Witold|editor-last2=Kasparek|editor-first2=Norbert|year=2010|title=Wielkie wojny w Prusach. Działania militarne między dolną Wisłą a Niemnem na przestrzeni wieków|language=pl|location=Dąbrówno|page=110|chapter=Prusy Wschodnie w trakcie polskiej wojny sukcesyjnej i wojny siedmioletniej|isbn=978-83-62552-00-9}}</ref> The Polish population resisted Germanisation attempts, carried out by the Prussian authorities.<ref name=pwn/> From 1815 it belonged to the Province of Brandenburg and became the administrative seat of the ''Züllichau-Schwiebus'' rural district within the Frankfurt Region. In 1828, 18-year-old Frédéric Chopin visited the town and gave an improvised concert.<ref>[http://sulechow.pl/index.php?lng=pl&id=47&idi=30 Sulechów - Internetowy Serwis Miejski - Fryderyk Chopin w Sulechowie] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027221811/http://sulechow.pl/index.php?lng=pl&id=47&idi=30|date=October 27, 2011}}</ref> Between 1871 and 1945 Züllichau was part of the German Reich. In the late 19th century, the medieval town walls were partly dismantled.<ref name=zab/> Four Polish insurgents of the Greater Poland uprising died in German captivity in the town in 1919.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Olszewski|first1=Wiesław|last2=Jastrząb|first2=Łukasz|year=2008|title=Lista strat Powstania Wielkopolskiego od 27.12.1918 r. do 8.03.1920 r.|language=pl|location=Koszalin|publisher=Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Politechniki Koszalińskiej|pages=236, 270, 332, 371}}</ref>
During World War II the Germans established two forced labour camps in the town, mainly for the Soviets.<ref name=pwn/> In 1945, a German-perpetrated death march of Jewish women from a just dissolved subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in Sława passed through the town.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Toczewski|first=Andrzej|year=2017|title=Filie obozów koncentracyjnych na Środkowym Nadodrzu|journal=Ziemia Lubuska|location=Zielona Góra|language=pl|volume=3|page=126|issn=2450-3355}}</ref> The territory was conquered by Red Army forces during the Vistula-Oder Offensive in the final stage of World War II. In accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, the town was incorporated into the Republic of Poland by the implementation of the Oder–Neisse line in 1945, while the remaining German population was expelled. The remaining Polish inhabitants were joined by Poles displaced from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union. The town was renamed to Sulechów.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sulech.pl/show.php/cPath/11_1/products_id/20 |title=1945 – powrót Sulechowa do Macierzy |language=pl |website=Sulechowskie Strony}}</ref> thumb|upright|Holy Cross Church From 1975 to 1998 Sulechów was part of Zielona Góra Voivodeship.
==Sports== The town's most notable sports clubs are football team {{ill|Lech Sulechów|pl}} and volleyball team {{ill|Orion Sulechów|pl}}. Both teams compete in the lower leagues.
==Notable people== *Johann Gottfried Rösner (1658–1724), mayor of Thorn (Toruń) as a consequence of the ''Tumult of Thorn'' *Caspar Neumann (1683–1737), first pharmaceutical professor at the Berlin Collegium Medico-Chirurgicum *Johann Gottfried Ebel (1764–1830), author of guidebook to Switzerland<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Ebel, Johann Gottfried |volume= 8 |last= Coolidge |first= William Augustus Brevoort |author-link= William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge | page = 840 |short=1 }}</ref> *Carl Friedrich Ernst Frommann (1765–1837), bookseller and publisher *Minna Herzlieb (1789–1865), role model for "Ottilie" in Goethes "Die Wahlverwandtschaften" *Hermann Marggraff (1809–1864), author *Theodor Kullak (1818–1882) pianist, composer was educated in the town *Rüdiger Graf von der Goltz (1865–1946), a German Major-General during World War I and Estonian War of Independence *Gerhard Benack (1915–1994), German officer *Nicholas Forell (1923–1998), engineer *Peter Robert Keil (born 1942), German painter and sculptor *Olga Tokarczuk (born 1962), writer, winner of the Man Booker International Prize as well as the Nobel Prize in Literature *Mela Koteluk (born 1985), singer
=== Sport === *Klaus-Dieter Ludwig (1943–2016), German rowing coxswain *Ewa Bućko (born 1960), volleyball player *Łukasz Żygadło (born 1979), volleyball player *Natalia Bamber-Laskowska (born 1982), volleyball player *Tomasz Kędziora (born 1994), Polish international footballer, born in Sulechów *Tymoteusz Puchacz (born 1999), Polish international footballer, born in Sulechów
==Twin towns – sister cities== See twin towns of Gmina Sulechów.
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== {{commons category|Sulechów}} *[https://www.sulechow.pl/ Official website] *[https://sztetl.org.pl/en/towns/s/1290-sulechow/ Jewish Community in Sulechów] on Virtual Shtetl
{{Gmina Sulechów}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Cities and towns in Lubusz Voivodeship Category:Zielona Góra County