{{Short description|Chinese psychologist (1898–1970)}} thumb|Zing-Yang Kuo {{family name hatnote|Kuo|lang=Chinese}}
'''Kuo Zing-yang''' (or '''Z. Y. Kuo'''; {{zh|t=郭任遠|s=郭任远|p=Guō Rènyuǎn|j=Kuo Yam6 Yun5}}; 1898–1970) was a Chinese experimental and physiological psychologist. He was a renowned educator and is also notable as having been the President of Zhejiang University, who was expelled by Zhejiang students in 1935.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Xu |first=Xiao |date=2015-02-15 |title="争议"算什么，看看民国时期的校长多难当 |trans-title="Controversy" is a small deal, as compared with what university presidents in the republican period had been through |url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1304130 |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=The Paper}}</ref>
Kuo was known as "Out-Watsons Mr. Watson" in the international anti-instinct movement.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Yong |last2=Bao |first2=Chenye |last3=Chen |first3=Wei |last4=Wen |first4=Shengjun |date=2024-04-02 |title=The forgotten militant and his enduring mission: Zing-Yang Kuo and his extraordinary years in behavioral neuroembryology (1929–1939) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0964704X.2023.2254350 |journal=Journal of the History of the Neurosciences |language=en |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=125–146 |doi=10.1080/0964704X.2023.2254350 |issn=0964-704X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==Biography== Kuo was born in Shantou, Guangdong Province in 1898. Kuo studied at Fudan University in Shanghai. In 1918, Kuo went to study in the United States. In 1923, while studying at UC Berkeley, Kuo was offered the chance to earn a Ph.D. However, the school suggested he change some parts of his thesis. Rather than making those changes, Kuo chose to stick with his original work and decided not to present his thesis, which meant he couldn't earn his doctorate.<ref name=":0" />
Kuo went back to China, and founded the Department of Psychology at Fudan University in 1924.<ref>[http://edu.sina.com.cn/y/news/2005-09-20/224244396.html 郭任远与复旦心理学院(图) (Zing-Yang Kuo and Fudan University College of Psychology (Photo))]</ref> Kuo was a professor, the Vice-president; and from April 1924 to November 1925, the acting President of Fudan University.<ref>[http://www.fda.fudan.edu.cn/fdahome/xiaozhang/xz_gry.htm 复旦大学历任校长简介 -- 郭任远 Brief introduction to Fudan University presidents - Zing-Yang Kuo]{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> From 1927 to 1936, Kuo taught at National Central University<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://seuaa.seu.edu.cn/s/14/t/33/a/3018/info.htm |title=郭任远（1898～1970）：国立中央大学心理系教授（1929～1933） (Zing-Yang Kuo (1898-1970): Professor of psychologist (1929-1933) at National Central University) |access-date=2009-04-12 |archive-date=2010-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020233559/http://seuaa.seu.edu.cn/s/14/t/33/a/3018/info.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and Zhejiang University. From 1933 to 1936, Kuo was the President of Zhejiang University, and did the most important research of his academic career - about animal's behavior epigenetics.<ref name=":0" />
In December 1935, the December 9th Movement broke out, which led to a large student strike in Zhejiang University. There were some severe conflicts between Kuo and some students and faculty, and Kuo was described as "autocratic" in the handling this incident. Chiang Kai-shek then intervened, leading to Kuo's resignation from his university president position.<ref name=":0" />
From 1936 to 1945, Kuo was a visiting scholar to United States, and did research and lectured in several American universities. Kuo was a visiting professor of UC Berkeley, Yale University and the University of Rochester, and a researcher at Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Qian |first=Yanyan |last2=Chen |first2=Wei |last3=Guo |first3=Benyu |date=2020-06-01 |title=Zing-Yang Kuo and behavior epigenesis based on animal experiments |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13238-018-0516-9 |journal=Protein & Cell |language=en |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=387–390 |doi=10.1007/s13238-018-0516-9 |issn=1674-8018 |pmc=7251013 |pmid=29508279}}</ref>
From 1946 to 1970, Kuo resided in Kowloon, Hong Kong. In 1963, Kuo returned briefly to the United States for the 16th International Congress of Zoology and resumed his research, collaborating with Gilbert Gottlieb at his Dorothea Dix Hospital lab in Raleigh, North Carolina.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Yong |last2=Bao |first2=Chenye |last3=Chen |first3=Wei |last4=Wen |first4=Shengjun |date=2024 |title=The forgotten militant and his enduring mission: Zing-Yang Kuo and his extraordinary years in behavioral neuroembryology (1929-1939) |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37722812 |journal=Journal of the History of the Neurosciences |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=125–146 |doi=10.1080/0964704X.2023.2254350 |issn=1744-5213 |pmid=37722812}}</ref> Kuo was a trustee of the University of Hong Kong. Kuo died in Hong Kong on 14 August 1970 at age 72.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Lambertz |first=Anna |last2=Murrey |first2=Kendra |last3=Selcer |first3=Samantha |date=2023-06-19 |title=Zing-Yang Kuo |url=https://pressbooks.pub/openhistoryofpsychology/chapter/zing-yang-kuo/ |journal=Open History of Psychology: The Lives and Contributions of Marginalized Psychology Pioneers |language=en}}</ref>
==Works== * Article: [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2939656 "Giving up Instincts in Psychology"], ''The Journal of Philosophy,'' Vol. 18, No. 24 (Nov. 24, 1921), pp. 645-664. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101106005506/http://biology.technion.ac.il/courses/134054/papers/Kuo.pdf Chapter 3: From Watsonian Behaviorism to Behavior Epigenetics] (by Zing-Yang Kuo). * Book: ''The Dynamics of Behavior Development: An Epigenetic View''; by Gilbert Gottlieb, Zing-Yang Kuo; June 1976. * Book: ''The Dynamics of Behavior Development''; by Zing-Yang Kuo; Random House Press, 1967. * Book: ''Instinct''; 1961. Princeton, NJ:Van Nostrand.
==Extra materials== * [http://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/42323 ''"To be a big shot or to be shot": Zing-Yang Kuo's other career''] (by Geoffrey H. Blowers, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong) (Using the above link will provide a new link "content.pdf" that you can use to see the full text of the article.) * [http://www.indiana.edu/~histpsy/abstracts.html History of Psychology - Abstract] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722133422/http://goodking.co.kr/board.php?bid=1&bs_type=&bs_str=&cate=&pg=60&mode=filedown&puid=1084&uid=725 Zing-Yang Kuo (biography)] * Robert Epstein: ''Comparative Psychology as the Praxist Views It''; Journal of Comparative Psychology. Vol 101(3), Sep 1987, 249–253. * Gottlieb, G. (1972): ''Zing-Yang Kuo: Radical scientific philosopher and innovative experimentalist (1898–1970)''; Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 80, 1–10.
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070212190309/http://www.zju.edu.cn/xqzl/lrxz/413.jpg Presidents of Zhejiang University - Zing-Yang Kuo] * [http://www.gdstcy.com/chaozhinan/shihua/20070802/3933.html 中国乃至世界心理学史上 一个显赫的名字郭任远 (A notable name in the history of psychology - Zing-Yang Kuo)]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://seuaa.seu.edu.cn/s/14/t/33/a/3018/info.htm Zing-Yang Kuo's brief biography from Southeast University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020233559/http://seuaa.seu.edu.cn/s/14/t/33/a/3018/info.htm |date=2010-10-20 }}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuo, Zing-Yang}} Category:1898 births Category:1970 deaths Category:Academic staff of the University of Hong Kong Category:Fudan University alumni Category:People from Chaoyang District, Shantou Category:Chinese psychologists Category:Hong Kong psychologists Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni Category:Academic staff of Zhejiang University Category:Educators from Guangdong Category:Presidents of Zhejiang University Category:20th-century psychologists