Zhoushan

{{Short description|Prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, China}} {{for-multi|the state-level new area|Zhoushan Archipelago New Area|other uses|Zhoushan (disambiguation)}}

{{stack begin}} {{Infobox settlement   |name = Zhoushan |official_name =  |native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|舟山市}}}} |nickname = |settlement_type =[[Prefecture-level city]] |total_type =  |motto =  |image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 290 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = Skyline of the new city center of Zhoushan City.jpg | image2 = Zhoushan cityview.jpg | image3 = Gouqi island, Zhoushan, China (Unsplash).jpg | image4 = Putuo, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China - panoramio (1).jpg | image5 = A picture from China every day 155.jpg }} |imagesize = 280 |image_caption = '''Left to right, top to bottom:''' Downtown, Shenjiamen port at night, Guoqi island, ship off the [[Mount Putuo]] at sunset, street scene on the island of Mount Putuo. |image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=7|frame-lat=30.19|frame-long=122.24}} |image_map1 = ChinaZhejiangZhoushan.png |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = Location in Zhejiang |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = [[People's Republic of China]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Province (China)|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Zhejiang]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#County level|County divisions]] |subdivision_name2 = 4 |subdivision_type3 = [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Township level|Township divisions]] |subdivision_name3 = 45 |seat_type = Municipal seat |seat = [[Dinghai District]] |leader_title = [[CPC Secretary]] |leader_name = Yu Donglai ({{lang|zh-hans|俞东来}}) |leader_title1 = [[Mayor]] |leader_name1 = Wen Nuan ({{lang|zh-hans|温暖}}) |established_title = County established |established_date = [[Tang dynasty]] |established_title1 = Converted to prefecture-level city |established_date1 = 1987 |area_total_km2 = 1378 |area_urban_km2 = 980.02 |area_metro_km2 = 980.02 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |population_as_of = 2020 census<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/zhejiang/admin/|title= China: Zhèjiāng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) – Population Statistics, Charts and Map |website=Citypopulation.de |access-date=28 November 2021}}</ref> |population_total = 1157817 |population_urban = 882932 |population_metro = 882932 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_urban_km2 = auto |population_density_metro_km2 = auto | demographics_type2 = GDP<ref>{{Cite web| author = 浙江省统计局| script-title = zh:2021年浙江统计年鉴 17-2 各市国民经济主要指标（2021年）| accessdate = 2022-06-02| url = https://zjjcmspublic.oss-cn-hangzhou-zwynet-d01-a.internet.cloud.zj.gov.cn/jcms_files/jcms1/web3077/site/flash/tjj/Reports1/2021-%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B4/indexcn.html| language = zh-cn| archive-date = 2020-08-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200817014433/http://zjjcmspublic.oss-cn-hangzhou-zwynet-d01-a.internet.cloud.zj.gov.cn/jcms_files/jcms1/web3077/site/flash/tjj/Reports1/2019%e5%b9%b4%e7%bb%9f%e8%ae%a1%e5%b9%b4%e9%89%b4%e5%85%89%e7%9b%98/indexch.htm| url-status = live }}</ref> | demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city]] | demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 151.2 billion [[US$]] 19.9 billion | demographics2_title2 = Per capita | demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 130,130 US$ 16,999 |timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]] |utc_offset = +8 |coor_pinpoint = Zhoushan municipal government |coordinates = {{coord|29.9856|N|122.2074|E|type:adm2nd_scale:1000000_region:CN-33_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} |postal_code_type = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]] |postal_code = 316000, 202450 for [[Shengsi County]] |area_code = (0)580 |iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-ZJ-09]] |blank2_name =[[Licence plates of the People's Republic of China|License Plate]] |blank2_info = {{lang|zh-cn|浙L}} |blank3_name_sec1 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] |blank3_info_sec1 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]] | module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes | tree = [[:zh:水仙|Narcissus tazetta subsp. chinensis]] | flower = [[:zh:新木姜子|Neolitsea aurata]] | bird = | flowering_tree = | butterfly = | fish = | other_symbols = }} |website = {{URL|www.zhoushan.gov.cn/}} {{in lang|zh-hans}} |footnotes = }} {{Infobox Chinese |psp=Chusan |c={{linktext|lang=zh|舟山}} |w=Chou1-shan1 |p=Zhōushān |wuu={{nowrap|Cieu平-se平 ([[Ningbonese dialect|Ningbonese]])}} {{nowrap|Tseu平-sae平 ([[Shanghainese]])}} |j=Zau1saan1 |poj=Tsiu-san |showflag=wuu |l=[[Barge]] [[islands of China|Island]]{{NoteTag|A ''zhōu'' is a particular kind of "leaf"-shaped Chinese boat that is low, thin, long, and curving slightly from bow to stern. ''Shān'' is typically translated as "[[mountains of China|mountain]]" but also frequently refers to ranges (Chinese uses few plural forms), hills (properly {{lang|zh|小山}} or "little mountains"), and to islands ("mountains-in-the-sea") in proper names.}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Wang|first=Wenhong |script-title=zh:舟山岛的地名来历 |url = http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5f055e4d0100lva3.html |website=Sina Blog|access-date=27 December 2014|language=zh}}</ref> }} {{Infobox Chinese |order=st |title=Former names |altname=Yongdong |t2={{linktext|甬東}} |s2={{linktext|甬东}} |p2=Yǒngdōng |w2=Yung-tung |l2={{nowrap|[Land] East of [[Ningbo|Yong]]}} {{nowrap|[Land] East of the [[Yong River (Zhejiang)|Yong]]}} |altname3=Wengshan |c3={{linktext|lang=zh|翁山}} |p3=Wēngshān |w3=Wêng-shan |l3=Senior{{nbsp}}Island |wuu3=On-se {{IPA|wuu|oŋ se|}} |altname4=Changguo |t4={{linktext|昌國}} |s4={{linktext|昌国}} |p4=Chāngguó |w4=Ch‘ang-kuo |l4=Prosperous{{nbsp}}Country |wuu4=Tshan-kueh {{IPA|wuu|tsʰã kuəʔ|}} |altname5=Dinghai |c5={{linktext|lang=zh|定海}} |p5=Dìnghǎi |w5=Ting-hai |l5=Stabilizing{{nbsp}}the{{nbsp}}[[East China Sea|Sea]] |wuu5= }} {{stack end}}

'''Zhoushan'''{{efn|{{Audio|Zhou1shan1.ogg|listen}}, formerly [[postal map romanization|romanized]] as '''Chusan'''}} is an urbanized archipelago with the administrative status of a [[prefecture-level city]] in the eastern Chinese province of [[Zhejiang]].{{efn|The term "city" used here is a translation of a [[city (China)|Chinese administrative level]] that originally referred to major markets. It does not refer to a single city covering all of the archipelago's islands but to a particular level of autonomy and privileges enjoyed by the prefectural government on account of its relative [[urbanization in China|urbanization]]. Another [[prefecture-level city|prefecture-level "city"]] consisting entirely of islands is [[Hainan]]'s [[Sansha|Sansha Prefecture]].}} It consists of an archipelago of islands at the southern mouth of [[Hangzhou Bay]] off the mainland city of [[Ningbo]]. The prefecture's city proper is Dinghai on [[Zhoushan Island]], now administered as the prefecture's [[Dinghai District]]. During the [[2020 Chinese census|2020 census]], Zhoushan Prefecture's population was 1,157,817, out of whom 882,932 lived in the builtup (or metro) area consisting of two [[District of the People's Republic of China|urban districts]] of [[Dinghai District|Dinghai]] and [[Putuo District, Zhoushan|Putuo]].<ref name="auto" />

On July 8, 2011, the central government approved Zhoushan as [[Zhoushan Archipelago New Area]], a [[New areas#State-level new areas|state-level new area]].

==History== {{More citations needed section|date=March 2025}} [[File:China Sheet VIII.jpg|left|thumb|200px|A map of the "Chusan Archipelago" published by the British [[Royal Navy]] surveys in 1843]] [[File:A Stele Inside the Opium War Memorial Park of Dinghai.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A replica of the stele recording the praise of the [[Daoguang Emperor]] of the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] for the three generals who opposed the British during the [[Battle of Dinghai]] in the [[First Opium War]].]] The archipelago was inhabited 6,000 years ago, during the [[Neolithic]] by people of the [[Hemudu culture]]. During the [[Spring and Autumn period]], Zhoushan was called Yongdong, referring to its location east of the [[Yong River (Zhejiang)|Yong River]]. At the time, it belonged to the [[ancient Chinese states|state]] of [[Yue (state)|Yue]]. The fishermen and sailors who inhabited the islands often engaged in piracy and became recruits for uprisings against the central authorities. At the time of the [[Eastern Jin dynasty|Eastern Jin]], the Zhoushan Islands served as the base for [[Sun En]]'s rebellion. Sun En, an adherent of the [[Taoism in China|Taoist]] sect the [[Way of the Five Pecks of Rice]], launched his rebellion around the year 400 and was defeated by Jin forces in 402.<ref>Gernet 2002, pages 182–183.</ref> Today's Zhoushan was first created as {{nowrap|Wengshan [[county (China)|County]]}} in [[Ming Prefecture (Zhejiang)|Ming Prefecture]] in 738 under the [[Tang dynasty|Tang]].

In 863, the Japanese [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk {{Nihongo|[[Egaku]]|慧萼}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinesestudies.hawaii.edu/community/faculty/mccraw/lingjing.pdf |title=Magic Precincts: Five Buddhist temples and How They Grew |author=David McCraw |year=2003 |publisher=Center for Chinese Studies, [[University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918002453/http://www.chinesestudies.hawaii.edu/community/faculty/mccraw/lingjing.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2009}}</ref> and a [[Putuoshan]] local Zhang-shi ({{lang|zh|张氏}}) placed a statue of [[Guanyin]] at Chaoyin Cave ({{lang|zh|潮音洞}}) that would later become a popular tourist and pilgrim destination. In 1073, under the [[Song dynasty|Song]], it was renamed {{nowrap|Changguo County}}; this was upgraded to a [[zhou (administrative division)|prefecture]] in the early [[Yuan dynasty]]. During the [[Ming dynasty]], especially between the years 1530 and 1560, Japanese and Chinese pirates used Zhoushan as one of their principal bases from which they launched attacks as far as [[Nanjing]]; "the whole Chinese coast from northern [[Shandong]] to western [[Guangdong]] was ravaged to a distance of sixty miles inland."<ref>Gernet 2002, page 422.</ref>

After suppression of the pirates, Zhoushan became an important commercial port of entry. Under the early [[Qing dynasty]], it played a similar role to [[Xiamen]] and [[Guangzhou]] as a frequent port of call for Western traders.<ref>Spence 1991, page 120.</ref> Changguo Prefecture became {{nowrap|Dinghai County}} within Zhejiang Province in 1688 under the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]]. The restriction of all European trade to the port of Guangzhou in 1760 forced Westerners to leave Zhoushan. One of the requests of [[George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney|Lord Macartney]]'s embassy to the [[Qianlong Emperor]] in 1793 was an acquisition of "a small unfortified island near Zhoushan for the residence of English traders, storage of goods, and outfitting of ships." The Qianlong Emperor denied this request together with all the rest.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/%7Ejobrien/reference/ob41.html |title=Emperor Ch'ien lung to King George III (1793) |website=web.jjay.cuny.edu |access-date=June 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990504071140/http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/%7Ejobrien/reference/ob41.html |archive-date=4 May 1999 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

British forces under Captain [[Charles Elliot]] [[Capture of Chusan|captured Zhoushan]] on July 5–6, 1840 during the [[First Opium War]] and evacuated it in early 1841, after Elliot reached an agreement with [[Qishan (official)|Qishan]], the [[Viceroys in China|Governor-General]] of [[Tianjin]] (Tientsin) and Grand Secretary to the [[Daoguang Emperor]], in exchange for [[Hong Kong]].<ref>Spence 1991, page 156.</ref> At that time, Zhoushan was a well known port while Hong Kong was still only a fishing village.{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}} The British Foreign Secretary [[Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Palmerston]] was furious when he learned that Elliot agreed to the cede Zhoushan for Hong Kong, described as "a barren island with hardly a house on it".{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}} Elliot was dismissed in April 1841 for his blunder.<ref>Welsh 1997, page 108.</ref> His replacement [[Henry Pottinger|Sir Henry Pottinger]] led a British fleet that [[Capture of Chusan (1841)|recaptured Zhoushan]] on October 1, 1841.<ref>Spence 1991, page 157.</ref> The [[First Opium War]] ended with conclusion of the [[Treaty of Nanking|Treaty of Nanjing]] in which China opened up the cities of [[Guangzhou]] ("Canton"), [[Fuzhou]] ("Foochow"), [[Xiamen]] ("Amoy"), [[Ningbo]] ("Ningpo"), and [[Shanghai]] to residence by British subjects for the purpose of trade. As a result, Britain no longer had any use for Zhoushan but it kept the island until 1846 as a guarantee for the treaty.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ewDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA696 |title=The Imperial Gazetteer |year=1875 |author=Walter Graham Blackie |location=London |page=696}}.</ref> Dinghai was upgraded to a directly controlled [[subprefecture]] ({{lang|zh-hant|定海直隸廳}}) sometime in 1841.

Zhoushan was also occupied by the British in 1860 during the [[Second Opium War]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2017}} [[Wang Yijun]], a leader of the [[Taiping Rebellion|Taiping rebels]], attempted to retake Zhoushan from its [[Qing Empire|Qing]] garrison on February 13, 1862 but was defeated and killed.

Following the [[Xinhai Revolution]] and the establishment of the [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republic of China]], Dinghai Subprefecture reverted to a county. [[Sun Yat-sen]] visited Zhoushan on August 25, 1916, writing ''Sun Yat-sen's Travels in Putuo'' ({{lang|zh-hant|遊普陀誌奇}}, ''You Putuo Zhiqi''). On October 1, 1942, the [[Imperial Japanese Navy|Japanese ship]] ''[[Lisbon Maru]]'' was transporting 1,800 [[POW]]s to [[Tokyo]] when she was attacked by the [[USS Grouper|USS{{nbsp}}''Grouper'']] off [[Qingbing Island|Qingbing]] ({{lang|zh|青浜}}) or [[Dongfushan|Dongfu]]; one torpedo hit and she sank the next day. The fishermen of nearby Dongji ({{lang|zh-hant|東極}}) rescued 384 of the British prisoners from the wreckage. Amid the [[Chinese Civil War]], Dinghai County lost Shengsi, which became an Archipelago Directly controlled District ({{lang|zh-hant|列島直屬區}}) of [[Jiangsu]] in 1946, then a separate county in October 1949. The same year, Dinghai County was divided into [[Dinghai District|Dinghai]] and [[Wengzhou County|Wengzhou]] ({{lang|zh|翁洲}}) Counties. In November, the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communists]] [[Battle of Dengbu Island|landed on Dengbu Island]], but were repulsed by the defenders.

Nevertheless, Zhoushan was overrun by the Communists on May 17, 1950. Wengzhou was merged back into Dinghai County, which made up part of Ningbo Prefecture, and Shengsi made up a special area ({{lang|zh|特区}}) and then county of the [[Songjiang District|Songjiang]] Prefecture, then still part of Jiangsu. In March 1953, the Council of Ministers opted to establish the Zhoushan Prefecture, returning Shengsi and dividing Dinghai into [[Dinghai District|Dinghai]], [[Putuo District, Zhoushan|Putuo]], and [[Daishan]]. Ningbo's [[Xiangshan County, Zhejiang|Xiangshan County]] was also briefly incorporated into this new prefecture from 1954 to 1958. From 1958 to May 1962, Zhoushan was incorporated into Ningbo before becoming a separate prefecture again. Shengsi was temporarily assigned to [[Shanghai]] in the early 1960s. The short-lived Daqu County ({{lang|zh-hant|大衢縣}}) was created in 1962 before being redivided between Daishan and Shengsi four years later.

Zhoushan was promoted to a [[prefecture-level city|prefecture-level "city"]] on January 27, 1987, with Dinghai and Putuo Counties upgraded to districts. The municipal People's Government was established on March 8 of that year. April of the same year, the ports of Zhoushan became open to foreign ships. On April 10, 1988, it became a coastal economic open zone.

==Administrative divisions== Zhoushan administers two [[District of China|districts]] and two [[County (People's Republic of China)|counties]]. The city currently consists of 36 township-level divisions, including 17 [[Town (China)|towns]], 5 [[Township (People's Republic of China)|townships]] and 14 [[Subdistricts of China|subdistrict]]s. Detailed divisions are listed as follows.

{| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=5 | Map |- | colspan=5 | <div style="position: relative" class="center"> {{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Zhoushan.png|width=510|link=}} {{Image label|x=600|y=1060|scale=510/1700|text=[[Dinghai District|'''Dinghai''']]}} {{Image label|x=820|y=1320|scale=510/1700|text=[[Putuo District, Zhoushan|'''Putuo''']]}} {{Image label|x=700|y=770|scale=510/1700|text=[[Daishan County|'''Daishan County''']]}} {{Image label|x=1010|y=220|scale=510/1700|text=[[Shengsi County|'''Shengsi County''']]}} {{Image label end}} </div> |- ! style="text-align:left;"| Subdivision ! style="text-align:left;"| Hanzi ! style="text-align:left;"| Pinyin ! style="text-align:left;"| Population {{small|([[Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China|2010]])}} ! style="text-align:left;"| Terrestrial Area {{small|(km2)}} |- | align=left | [[Dinghai District]] | align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|定海区}} | align=left | Dìnghǎi Qū | align=right| 464,184 | align=right| 568.8 |- | align=left | [[Putuo District, Zhoushan|Putuo District]] | align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|普陀区}} | align=left | Pǔtuó Qū | align=right| 378,805 | align=right| 458.6 |- | align=left | [[Daishan County]] | align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|岱山县}} | align=left | Dàishān Xiàn | align=right| 202,164 | align=right| 326.5 |- | align=left | [[Shengsi County]] | align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|嵊泗县}} | align=left | Shèngsì Xiàn | align=right| 76,108 | align=right| 86 |}

*'''[[Dinghai District]]''' (13 divisions, including 10 sub-districts and 3 towns) **'''Sub-district:''' Jiefang ({{lang|zh-Hans|解放}}), Changguo ({{lang|zh-Hans|昌国}}), Huannan ({{lang|zh-Hant|環南}}), Chengdong ({{lang|zh-Hant|城東}}), Yancang ({{lang|zh-Hant|盐倉}}), Lincheng ({{lang|zh-Hans|临城}}), Qiandao ({{lang|zh-Hant|千島}}), Xiaosha ({{lang|zh-Hans|小沙}}), Ma'ao ({{lang|zh-Hant|馬岙}}), Cengang ({{lang|zh-Hans|岑港}}) **'''Town:''' Baiquan ({{lang|zh-Hans|白泉}}), Jintang ({{lang|zh-Hans|金塘}}), Ganlan ({{lang|zh-Hans|干𬒗}}) *'''[[Putuo District, Zhoushan|Putuo District]]''' (9 divisions, including 4 sub-districts and 5 towns) **'''Sub-district:''' Shenjiamen ({{lang|zh-Hans|沈家门}}), Donggang ({{lang|zh-Hans|东港}}), Zhanmao ({{lang|zh-Hans|展茅}}), Zhujiajian ({{lang|zh-Hans|朱家尖}}) **'''Town:''' Putuoshan ({{lang|zh-Hans|普陀山}}), Dongji ({{lang|zh-Hans|东极}}), Taohua ({{lang|zh-Hans|桃花}}), Xiazhi ({{lang|zh-Hans|蝦峙}}), Liuheng ({{lang|zh-Hans|六橫}}) *'''[[Daishan County]]''' (7 divisions, including 6 towns and 1 township) **'''Town:''' Gaoting ({{lang|zh-Hans|高亭}}), Qushan ({{lang|zh-Hans|衢山}}), Changtu ({{lang|zh-Hant|長涂}}), Dongsha ({{lang|zh-Hant|東沙}}), Daidong ({{lang|zh-Hant|岱東}}), Daixi ({{lang|zh-Hans|岱西}}) **'''Township:''' Xiushan ({{lang|zh-Hans|秀山}}) *'''[[Shengsi County]]''' (7 divisions, including 3 towns and 4 townships) **'''Town:''' Caiyuan ({{lang|zh-Hant|菜園}}), Yangshan ({{lang|zh-Hans|洋山}}), Shengshan ({{lang|zh-Hans|嵊山}}) **'''Township:''' Wulong ({{lang|zh-Hant|五龍}}), Huanglong ({{lang|zh-Hant|黃龍}}), Gouqi ({{lang|zh-Hans|枸杞}}), Huaniao ({{lang|zh-Hant|花鳥}})

In particular, Qiandao and Lincheng sub-districts of Dinghai District are governed by a special new town administration committee of Zhoushan.

==Geography== {{wide image|Skyline of Dinghai harbor waterfront.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|Skyline of Dinghai harbor waterfront}}

The Zhoushan Archipelago, comprising 1,390 [[island]]s and 3,306 [[reef]]s, is outside of [[Hangzhou Bay]]. It is the largest [[archipelago]] of China. Among these islands, 103 are inhabited all year round, 58 are larger than {{convert|1|km2|sp=us}}, and only 12 have populations over 10,000. Below is a list of major inhabited islands.

(DH = Dinghai District, PT = Putuo District, DS = Daishan County, SS = Shengsi County)

There are six major islands (over {{convert|50|km2|abbr=on}}): *[[Zhoushan Island]] ({{lang|zh-hans|舟山岛}}), {{convert|502.65|km2|abbr=on}}, 635,595 (DH/PT) *[[Daishan Island]] ({{lang|zh-hans|岱山岛}}), {{convert|119.32|km2|abbr=on}}, 111,765 (DS) *Liuheng Island ({{lang|zh-hans|六横岛}}), {{convert|109.40|km2|abbr=on}}, 59,102 (PT) *[[Jintang Island]] ({{lang|zh-hans|金塘岛}}), {{convert|82.11|km2|abbr=on}}, 37,321 (DH) *Zhujiajian Island ({{lang|zh-hans|朱家尖岛}}), {{convert|75.84|km2|abbr=on}}, 27,981 (PT) *[[Qushan Island]] ({{lang|zh-hans|衢山岛/大衢岛}}), {{convert|73.57|km2|abbr=on}}, 53,016 (DS)

There are 11 middle-size islands (between {{convert|10|and|50|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}): *Taohua Island ({{lang|zh-hans|桃花岛}}), {{convert|44.43|km2|abbr=on}}, 10,867 (PT) *Greater Changtu Island ({{lang|zh-hans|大长涂山}}), {{convert|40.62|km2|abbr=on}}, 1,750 (DS) *Xiushan Island ({{lang|zh-hans|秀山岛}}), {{convert|26.33|km2|abbr=on}}, 10,106 (DS) *Sijiao Island ({{lang|zh-hans|泗礁山}}), {{convert|25.88|km2|abbr=on}}, 39,008 (SS) *Xiazhi Island ({{lang|zh-hans|虾峙岛}}), {{convert|18.59|km2|abbr=on}}, 11,247 (PT) *Dengbu Island ({{lang|zh-hans|登步岛}}), {{convert|16.72|km2|abbr=on}}, 2,479 (PT) *[[Mount Putuo]] ({{lang|zh-hans|普陀山}}), {{convert|16.06|km2|abbr=on}}, 10,337 (PT) *Cezi Island ({{lang|zh-hans|册子岛}}), {{convert|14.97|km2|abbr=on}}, 6,334 (DH) *Changbai Island ({{lang|zh-hans|长白岛}}), {{convert|14.16|km2|abbr=on}}, 3,066 (DH) *Lesser Changtu Island ({{lang|zh-hans|小长涂山}}), {{convert|13.33|km2|abbr=on}}, 19,750 (DS) *Dayu Island ({{lang|zh-hans|大鱼山}}), {{convert|11.03|km2|abbr=on}}, 788 (DS)

Zhoushan includes {{convert|20800|km2|0|abbr=on}} of marine territory, but only {{convert|1440.12|km2|0|abbr=on}} of land, {{convert|183.19|km2|0|abbr=on}} of which are submerged during high tides. It is {{convert|182|km|0|abbr=on}} east-west and {{convert|169|km|0|abbr=on}} north-south and although heavily populated now has few farms.

==Climate== Zhoushan has a four-season, [[monsoon]]-influenced [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa''), with cool, damp winters, and hot, humid summers. Conditions, especially during summer, are generally moderated by the surrounding waters of the East China Sea, bringing a January average of {{convert|6.2|°C|1}} and August average of {{convert|27.8|°C|1}}, with an annual mean of {{convert|17.1|°C|1}}. The highest temperature on record was {{convert|42.3|°C|1}} on 8 August 2013, which is 1.7°C higher than the second highest temperature. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, with the greatest rainfall during summer. With 1,823.7 hours of bright sunshine annually, ranging from 30% sunshine in June to 53% in July and August, the second half of the year is sunnier.

{{Weather box | width = auto | location = Zhoushan ([[Dinghai District]]), elevation {{convert|36|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1955–present) | single line = Y | metric first = Y | collapsed = Y | Jan record high C = 22.7 | Feb record high C = 28.0 | Mar record high C = 30.4 | Apr record high C = 32.1 | May record high C = 33.5 | Jun record high C = 36.1 | Jul record high C = 40.2 | Aug record high C = 42.3 | Sep record high C = 38.6 | Oct record high C = 34.0 | Nov record high C = 28.7 | Dec record high C = 27.5 | Jan record low C = −6.1 | Feb record low C = -4.9 | Mar record low C = -3.0 | Apr record low C = 0.8 | May record low C = 7.2 | Jun record low C = 12.8 | Jul record low C = 17.9 | Aug record low C = 18.8 | Sep record low C = 12.6 | Oct record low C = 5.7 | Nov record low C = 0.6 | Dec record low C = −4.5 | Jan high C = 9.9 | Feb high C = 11.2 | Mar high C = 14.5 | Apr high C = 19.6 | May high C = 24.0 | Jun high C = 27.1 | Jul high C = 31.3 | Aug high C = 31.6 | Sep high C = 28.1 | Oct high C = 23.6 | Nov high C = 18.6 | Dec high C = 12.8 | year high C = | Jan mean C = 6.2 | Feb mean C = 7.2 | Mar mean C = 10.3 | Apr mean C = 15.1 | May mean C = 19.8 | Jun mean C = 23.5 | Jul mean C = 27.5 | Aug mean C = 27.8 | Sep mean C = 24.5 | Oct mean C = 19.8 | Nov mean C = 14.7 | Dec mean C = 8.9 | year mean C = | Jan low C = 3.5 | Feb low C = 4.2 | Mar low C = 7.1 | Apr low C = 11.5 | May low C = 16.5 | Jun low C = 20.8 | Jul low C = 24.8 | Aug low C = 25.2 | Sep low C = 21.8 | Oct low C = 16.8 | Nov low C = 11.7 | Dec low C = 5.9 | year low C = | precipitation color = green | Jan precipitation mm = 77.6 | Feb precipitation mm = 78.5 | Mar precipitation mm = 125.4 | Apr precipitation mm = 105.6 | May precipitation mm = 125.2 | Jun precipitation mm = 208.3 | Jul precipitation mm = 116.4 | Aug precipitation mm = 188.3 | Sep precipitation mm = 173.2 | Oct precipitation mm = 113.1 | Nov precipitation mm = 81.8 | Dec precipitation mm = 79.1 | year precipitation mm = | unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm | Jan precipitation days = 12.1 | Feb precipitation days = 11.4 | Mar precipitation days = 15.3 | Apr precipitation days = 13.7 | May precipitation days = 13.7 | Jun precipitation days = 15.8 | Jul precipitation days = 10.6 | Aug precipitation days = 12.3 | Sep precipitation days = 12.6 | Oct precipitation days = 9.0 | Nov precipitation days = 11.2 | Dec precipitation days = 10.8 | year precipitation days = | Jan snow days = 2.7 | Feb snow days = 2.1 | Mar snow days = 0.7 | Apr snow days = 0.0 | May snow days = 0.0 | Jun snow days = 0.0 | Jul snow days = 0.0 | Aug snow days = 0.0 | Sep snow days = 0.0 | Oct snow days = 0.0 | Nov snow days = 0.0 | Dec snow days = 0.8 | year snow days = | Jan sun = 109.9 | Feb sun = 112.4 | Mar sun = 132.8 | Apr sun = 159.9 | May sun = 163.6 | Jun sun = 124.4 | Jul sun = 226.9 | Aug sun = 214.1 | Sep sun = 167.7 | Oct sun = 165.1 | Nov sun = 122.4 | Dec sun = 124.5 | year sun = | Jan percentsun = 34 | Feb percentsun = 36 | Mar percentsun = 36 | Apr percentsun = 41 | May percentsun = 39 | Jun percentsun = 30 | Jul percentsun = 53 | Aug percentsun = 53 | Sep percentsun = 46 | Oct percentsun = 47 | Nov percentsun = 39 | Dec percentsun = 39 | year percentsun = | Jan humidity = 75 | Feb humidity = 76 | Mar humidity = 77 | Apr humidity = 77 | May humidity = 80 | Jun humidity = 86 | Jul humidity = 83 | Aug humidity = 82 | Sep humidity = 79 | Oct humidity = 75 | Nov humidity = 76 | Dec humidity = 73 | year humidity = | source 1 = {{CMA-Source}}all-time extreme temperature<ref>{{cite web|url=https://weibo.com/1920136013/OqneW2Ixk |script-title=zh:【浙江高温可能破纪录】今天最新预报，杭州报8月4日42℃，绍兴报8月3-4日43℃，如果实现都将打破当地观测史最高气温纪录。图3简单列举了部分浙江城市的观测史最高气温纪录。|publisher=weatherman_信欣 on [[Weibo]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =22 September 2024 |title=Sina Visitor System }}</ref>All-time October high<ref>{{cite web|url=https://weibo.com/1920136013/Q7UqAvBFO |script-title=zh:【离谱的气温】今天南方高温继续发展，福建江西浙江站点包揽高温榜前十，上榜门槛提升到了38.2℃，福建建宁39.3℃排名第一。浙江上海安徽四川云南有28站气温打破10月最高气温纪录。杭州福州南昌长沙南京武汉上海共7个省会直辖市，创最晚高温日纪录。杭州南昌武汉上海刷新1951年以来全年高温日数最多纪录。南昌未来7天高温不断，今年高温日数将达到80天，就算兑现5天，高温日数也将达到78天，将创造新的省会首府直辖市全年高温日数纪录——2022年福州74天，已经觉得不可思议，2024年重庆77天，感觉是神迹。结果转眼今年又要见证新纪录诞生。而且福州未来再加5天，也将达到75天，创造当地全年高温日数新纪录。并且南方未来多个城市的高温，也将继续改写最晚高温日纪录。武汉长沙福州报出12日还有高温，杭州和南昌在13日还有高温。而且看最低气温，南昌和杭州报7日晨28℃，也是10月罕见，可能破纪录。总之，异常强的副热带高压，让南方热得一点不像10月，依然像盛夏的7-8月。而北方地区，在冷空气和阴雨影响，气温明显偏低，并创立秋后新低。白天最高气温的偏低程度尤其明显。华北等地，8-9日的白天，冷得也不像10月，更像11月。总之，未来气温就是主打一个离谱，南方热到怀疑人生，北方冷得有些发蒙。|publisher=weatherman_信欣 on [[Weibo]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =6 October 2025 |title=Sina Visitor System }}</ref>extremes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.roostweather.com/worldclimate/graphs.php?code=CHM00058477 |title=Zhoushan Dinghai Climate: 1991–2020 |publisher=Starlings Roost Weather |access-date=27 May 2026 }}</ref> | source = }}

==Demographics== According to the report from the [[Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China]], the total population of Zhoushan Municipality is 1,121,261 with 588,414 males and 532,847 females as of 1 November 2010, among which an overwhelmingly majority is [[Han Chinese]] (1,109,813). The number of households is about 454,800. For an administrative division distribution, [[Dinghai District]] has a population of 464,184, [[Putuo District, Zhoushan|Putuo District]] has a population of 378,805, [[Daishan County]] has a population of 202,164 and [[Shengsi County]] has a population of 76,108. In terms of education attainment, about 10 percent of the total population (115,286) has received higher education, while a population of 77,577 is illiterate or semiliterate. In terms of age distribution, there is a child (aged 0–14) population of 114,265 and a senior population of 176,331.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zstj.net/tjnjData/2011nj/001_010.htm |script-title=zh:2008舟山统计年鉴 |publisher=Zstj.net |access-date=2015-12-23 |archive-date=7 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107215458/http://www.zstj.net/tjnjData/2011nj/001_010.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Economy== Traditionally Zhoushan had relied heavily on the [[primary sector]], especially [[fishing]], given Zhoushan is the largest [[fishery]] in China. Nowadays with the development of the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary]] and [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sectors]], Zhoushan's economic base has been largely diversified. Ship building and repairing, shipping, light industry, tourism and service industry grow to be the major contributors of local economic output. In 2016, the entire municipality achieved a total [[Gross Domestic Product]] (GDP) of 122.85 billion yuan (approximately 16,013 US dollars per capita), with an increase of 11.3% from the previous year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zhoushan.gov.cn/art/2017/3/22/art_1275933_6065870.html|script-title=zh:舟山市2016年国民经济和社会发展统计公报|language=zh|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728215131/http://www.zhoushan.gov.cn/art/2017/3/22/art_1275933_6065870.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city continuously ranked 3rd among 11 municipalities of [[Zhejiang Province]]. However, since Zhoushan has a significantly smaller population compared with other municipalities, the absolute figure of total GDP still ranked the last place in the province. The structure of three sectors of industry is 10.6 : 39.8 : 49.6. In 2012, Zhoushan Port alone processed 290,990 kilotons of cargo. If combined with Ningbo Port (Ningbo and Zhoushan Ports are essentially one port with shared infrastructure, harbor basin and administrative collaboration), the entire greater port handled approximately 744,000 kilotons of cargo, surpassing [[Shanghai Port]] to be world's new busiest port in terms of cargo tonnage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zhoushan.cn/gkcb/xwjj/201301/t20130129_579595.htm |script-title=zh:舟山网·大海网:宁波舟山港货物吞吐量全球第一 |publisher=Zhoushan.cn |access-date=2015-12-23 |archive-date=30 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530043409/http://www.zhoushan.cn/gkcb/xwjj/201301/t20130129_579595.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2012, Zhoushan's per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 34,224 yuan, with a 12.2% increase from the previous year (an increase of 10.3% considering the price and inflation factors). On the other hand, Zhoushan's per capital net income of rural residents reached 18,601 yuan, with a 12.9% increase from the previous year (an increase of 11.0% considering the price and inflation factors). The [[Engel law|Engel's Coefficients]] for urban and rural residents are 35.9% and 38.1% respectively. The average housing building areas are 32.39 and 49.10 square meters for urban and rural residents respectively.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.zsdx.gov.cn/news/44b0c447-479b-43ff-b51e-bf5ac3748ddd.html |script-title=zh:舟山市2012年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |publisher=Zsdx.gov.cn |date=2013-03-20 |access-date=2015-12-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105224715/http://www.zsdx.gov.cn/news/44b0c447-479b-43ff-b51e-bf5ac3748ddd.html |archive-date=5 January 2016}}</ref>

==Transportation== Zhoushan is served by different modes of transportation, including air, highway and water. The transportation condition in Zhoushan has been improved largely during recent years, especially after the opening of Zhoushan Trans-Oceanic Bridges in 2009, which established a stable corridor connecting to the continent and converted Zhoushan into a peninsula per se. Due to geographical isolation, Zhoushan is the only one of the municipalities in Zhejiang Province which is not served with rail transportation.

[[File:List of Zhoushan bridges detailed with names, districts and counties belonged, start and end points, total lengths and dates opened.jpg|thumb|right|250px|List of Zhoushan bridges detailed with names, districts and counties belonged, start and end points, total lengths and dates opened]]

===Air transportation=== [[File:Zhoushan Putuoshan Airport.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Zhoushan Putuoshan Airport]] *Although named after [[Putuoshan|Mt. Putuo]], [[Zhoushan Putuoshan International Airport]] is located on Zhujiajian Island, and is a domestic hub with scheduled passenger flights to several cities in China, including [[Shanghai]], [[Beijing]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Shenzhen]], [[Xiamen]], [[Fuzhou]], [[Hefei]], [[Lianyungang]], [[Jieyang]] and [[Jinjiang, Fujian|Jinjiang]]. The construction of the airport began in March 1997 and completed in August 1997 with an investment of 410 million RMB yuan, and is rated as a 4D airport. As of 2016, Zhoushan Airport is the 86th largest civic airport in [[Mainland China]] in terms of passengers handled with a total of 800.9 thousand users. Expansion including a new terminal and {{convert|2500|by|23|m|sp=us}} taxiway is under construction.

===Road transportation=== [[File:Xihoumen Bridge in Zhoushan.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Xihoumen Bridge]]]] [[File:Gangdao Bridge.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Gangdao Bridge connects Zhoushan Island with Xiaogan Island]] *[[G9211 Ningbo–Zhoushan Expressway|Zhoushan Trans-Oceanic Bridges]] ({{zh|labels=no|s=舟山跨海大桥 or 舟山大陆连岛工程}}), the indispensable component of Yongzhou Expressway ({{lang|zh|甬舟高速}}) (numbered G9211 in the National Trunk Highway System), consist of five consecutive bridges which connect Zhoushan to the mainland, [[Zhenhai District]] of Ningbo to be specific. These five bridges are Cengang Bridge ({{lang|zh-Hans|岑港大桥}}), Xiangjiaomen Bridge ({{lang|zh-Hans|响礁门大桥}}), [[Taoyaomen Bridge]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|桃夭门大桥}}), [[Xihoumen Bridge]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|西堠门大桥}}) and [[Jintang Bridge]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|金塘大桥}}). The painstaking huge project, started in 1999 and completed in 2010, is the largest bridge group in China. Xihoumen Bridge, in particular, is the world's second-longest suspension bridge in terms of the length of the central span. [[File:Zhoushan Bus Terminal.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Zhoushan Bus Terminal]] *[[China National Highway 329]], which starts from Hangzhou and ends in Zhujiajian Sub-district of Zhoushan with a current length of {{convert|292|km|abbr=on}}, is the only national highway serving the city of Zhoushan. It is also the shortest national level highway that runs in the east–west direction. Before reaching Zhoushan, Highway 329 passes through municipalities of [[Shaoxing]] and [[Ningbo]]. The route between the boundaries of Ningbo and Zhoushan is built in the form of [[ferry]], which is also unique in the national highway system. The ferry dock on Ningbo's side is named Baifeng, and the one on Zhoushan's side is named Yadanshan. The route of Highway 329 in Zhoushan has undergone several changes and adjustments. Initially the route went through the southern shoreline of Zhoushan Island and ended in Shenjiamen. However, with the construction of Zhujiajian Bridge, the route was extended all the way to Nansha Beach of Zhujiajian Island. Later, with the development Dinghai and Lincheng, part of Highway 329 was designated as urban roads instead of a rapid passing corridor. Therefore, Highway 329 went on to take the route of the outer ring road of Dinghai and Highway Baiquan-Shenjiamen. Recently to optimize the highway structure of Zhoushan, Highway 329 is undergoing another large modification in its route. The new route, designed with a series of tunnels and interchanges, will run at the center of Zhoushan Island to form its backbone. Seven tunnels on the new route account for a length of {{convert|11187|meters}}. A total of 5 interchanges are designed along the new route. The project, projected to spend 5 billion yuan, is set to finish in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zhoushan.cn/newscenter/zsxw/201212/t20121228_575341.htm |script-title=zh:舟山网·大海网:带你认识一个全新的国道 |publisher=Zhoushan.cn |date=2014-01-10 |access-date=2015-12-23 |archive-date=March 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313113635/http://www.zhoushan.cn/newscenter/zsxw/201212/t20121228_575341.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *Zhoushan [[bus rapid transit]] ({{lang|zh|舟山快速公交}}) is the rapid transit system with dedicated lanes between urban agglomerations on Zhoushan Island. Line One, designed with a route of {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}}, started to operate since 1 October 2013 connecting Dinghai and Donggang, Putuo. A total of 10 BRT stops are set on Line One: Dinghai Dongmen ({{lang|zh-Hans|定海东门总站}}), Dinghai Tanfeng ({{lang|zh-Hans|定海檀枫}}), Dinghai Chengdong ({{lang|zh-Hans|定海城东}}), Xincheng Nanhai ({{lang|zh|新城南海}}), Xincheng Central ({{lang|zh-Hans|新城总站}}), Xincheng Zhoushan Hospital ({{lang|zh-Hans|新城舟山医院}}), Xincheng Fulidao Road ({{lang|zh-Hans|新城富丽岛路}}), Putuo Puxi ({{lang|zh|普陀浦西}}), Putuo Chengbei ({{lang|zh-Hans|普陀城北总站}}), and Putuo Donggang Gymnasium ({{lang|zh-Hans|普陀东港体育馆}}). The service time for Line One starts at 6:30 and ends at 20:00 with a frequency of approximately 120 daily. The standard fare is 2 yuan regardless of stops traveled. Passengers with public transit IC cards are eligible for a 20 percentage discount per trip. Passengers can transfer to normal public transit buses once for free within one hour of initial aboard time. All buses are covered with 4G wireless signal. Other lines are being planned and will be constructed in the near future.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dhnews.zjol.com.cn/dhnews/system/2013/09/26/017000956.shtml |script-title=zh:BRT来了舟山快速公交一号线指南-定海新闻网 |publisher=Dhnews.zjol.com.cn |access-date=2015-12-23 |archive-date=12 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312212054/http://dhnews.zjol.com.cn/dhnews/system/2013/09/26/017000956.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Rail === *The under construction [[Ningbo–Zhoushan railway]] will start from [[Ningbo railway station|Ningbo Station]] and end in Zhoushan Baiquan Station, with a total length of {{convert|80.8|km|sp=us}}. The line is planned to include 9 stations. The section between Ningbo East Station and Jintang Station runs passenger and freight trains, while the section between Jintang Station and Baiquan Station is a dedicated line for passengers.{{Cn|date=March 2025}}

===Water transportation=== [[File:Ferryboat between Zhoushan and Ningbo.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ferryboat between Zhoushan and Ningbo]]

*Two major ferry routes with high frequency (intervals vary from fifteen minutes to an hour) connect Zhoushan Main Island to [[Shanghai]] to the north and [[Ningbo]] to the south. Besides, there are scheduled ships traveling between Zhoushan and other ports such as [[Wenzhou]] and [[Fuzhou]]. Major inhabited islands within the municipality are served by smaller scale ferries and speedboat fleets. Frequencies depend on levels of population.{{Cn|date=March 2025}}

==Energy== There exist 2 power connections: [[HVDC Zhoushan]], the first HVDC built in China and [[Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie]] with the tallest electricity pylons in the world, as well as the world's [[List of spans|longest span]].{{Cn|date=March 2025}}

==Tourism== {{Advert section|date=November 2023}} {{More citations needed section|date=March 2025}} Zhoushan, which proudly boasts two national level key scenic areas (Mount Putuo and Shengsi Islands) and two provincial level key scenic areas (Taohua Island and Daishan), is always praised to be the "backyard garden" of [[Yangtze River Delta]]. Beside these scenic areas, Zhoushan has an abundance of points of interest, landscape forms and tourism resources, many of which are still under development, due to its rich historic and natural endowment. Conveniently connected to the continental part of the delta, Zhoushan attracted 27.71 million visitors (which is approximately 25 times its population), 310.5 thousand of whom were from abroad, in 2012 alone. Tourism and its related services have risen to be a very important sector of the municipal economy with a total tourism revenue of 26.68 billion yuan, according to the 2012 statistic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/fxbg/201304/255182.html |script-title=zh:舟山市2012年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |publisher=Stats-sh.gov.cn |date=2013-04-11 |access-date=2015-12-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062211/http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/fxbg/201304/255182.html |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

===Mount Putuo National Scenic Area=== [[File:Puji Temple of Mount Putuo.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Puji Temple is the main temple of Mount Putuo]] [[File:Fayu Temple of Mount Putuo.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fayu Temple is the second largest temple on Mount Putuo]] [[Mount Putuo]] National Scenic Area ({{lang|zh-hans|普陀山国家级重点风景名胜区}}) consists of two parts, Mount Putuo and Zhujiajian Eastern Coast, although most people would easily ignore the latter part due to its overwhelming fame of Mount Putuo. The scenic area, with a total area of {{convert|41.85|km2|sp=us}}, is the only place in China where combines the mountain and sea views, and religious culture perfectly.

On a visit in the early 1830s, missionary [[Karl Gützlaff]] noted that the island of "Poo-to" boasted two large and 60 small temples, attended by 2,000 monks,

<blockquote>To every person who visits this island, it appears at first like a fairy land, so romantic is everything which meets the eye. Those large inscriptions hewn in solid granite, the many temples which appear in every direction, the highly picturesque scenery itself, with its many-peaked, riven, and detached rocks, and above all a stately mausoleum, the largest which I have ever seen, containing the bones and ashes of thousands of priests, quite bewilder the imagination.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gützlaff|first=Karl Friedrich A|title=Journal of Three Voyages Along the Coast of China, in 1831, 1832 and 1833 With Notices of Siam, Corea, and the Loo-Choo Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQEUAAAAQAAJ|year=1840|page=444}}</ref></blockquote>

[[Mount Putuo]] ({{lang|zh|普陀山}}), also named Mount Meicen ({{lang|zh|梅岑山}}) and Mount Baihua ({{lang|zh-hans|白华山}}), is considered the [[bodhimanda]] of [[Avalokitesvara]] ([[Guan Yin|Guanyin]]), a revered Bodhisattva in many parts of East Asia. It is one of the four sacred mountains in [[Chinese Buddhism]], the others being [[Mount Wutai]], [[Mount Jiuhua]], and [[Mount Emei]]. However, different from other three sacred mountains which are mountains with heights of more than {{convert|1000|meters}}, Mount Putuo is actually a small island with a total area of {{convert|12.5|km2|abbr=on}}, the highest point of which is Peak Foding ({{convert|291.3|m|disp=or|abbr=on}} above sea level). Mount Putuo features three grand temples (Puji Temple, Fayu Temple, and Huiji Temple), three treasures (Tahoto Pagoda, Yangzhi Guanyin Stele, and Nine-Dragon Caisson), three rocks (Rock Pantuo, Heart Rock, and Rock Ergui Tingfa), three caves (Cave Chaoyang, Cave Chaoyin and Cave Fanyin), 88 nunneries and 128 huts, and twelve scenes. Mount Putuo was praised in various historic records. It is often titled as Bulguksa Among Seas and Skies ({{lang|zh-hans|海天佛国}}), or Sacred Ground on the Southern Seas ({{lang|zh-hans|南海圣境}}). Mount Putuo is always mentioned in the same breath with the [[West Lake]] in [[Hangzhou]], another national scenic area of Zhejiang. West Lake is considered to be the foremost place that combines mountain and lake views, whereas Mount Putuo is deemed as the top place where integrates mountain and sea views ({{lang|zh-hans|以山而兼湖之胜，则推西湖；以山而兼海之胜，当推普陀}}).

[[File:Daqingshan scenic spot in Zhujiajian.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Daqingshan scenic spot in Zhujiajian]] Zhujiajian ({{lang|zh|朱家尖}}) is the fifth largest island of the archipelago and a newly developed seaside resort with intriguing seascapes, unmarred beaches, dense woods, sheer rock cliffs, hills for hiking, extraordinary seafood and displays of fishermen folk culture. It is home to the Zhoushan International Sand Sculpture Festival, which is held on the Nansha Beach, one of the five consecutive beaches, at the turn of summer and autumn every year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/zhoushan/zjj.html|title=Undiscovered Zhoushan|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070704/http://www.shanghaidaily.com/zhoushan/zjj.html|archive-date=14 June 2012}}</ref> Daqing Mountain is the best location to get the incomparable view of southern Zhoushan Islands and the continental China (Chuanshan Peninsula) on clear days. It is also an ideal place for extreme sports, such as car racing, mountain cycling, gliding, rock climbing and bungee jumping. Baishan Mountain features huge natural rocks of different shapes, Guanyin carving on the cliff, and the Putuo Impression show, directed by Zhang Yimou. Zhujiajian is also the site for Mount Putuo Buddhist Academy. Wushitang (Dark Stone Beach) is the {{convert|500|meter|adj=on}} beach consisting of numerous dark colored pebbles.

===Shengsi Islands National Scenic Area=== [[Shengsi Islands]] National Scenic Area ({{lang|zh-hans|嵊泗列岛国家级重点风景名胜区}}) is the only national level scenic area in China that is established on a group of natural islands. The scenic area, consisting of hundreds of islands outlying the [[Hangzhou Bay]], boasts multiple quality beaches, rocks, and cliffs. Although it is commonly endowed with natural seascape beauty, each island is unique. Jihu and Nanchangtu Twin Beaches, the northernmost sand beaches of Southern China (and the natural beaches closest to Shanghai), make Sijiao Island a popular tourism destination. Shengshan is one of the most important fishing ports on the East China Sea. The eastern coast of Shengshan Island features steep cliffs, an ideal place to view sunrise above the sea. On the north coast is the abandoned fishing village of [[Houtouwan]], now overgrown with vegetation. Gouqi Island has well-preserved fishing villages and cultures, the largest aquatic farm in China and the Mountain and Sea Wonders ({{lang|zh-hans|山海奇观}}) rock that was believed to be left by General Hou Jigao of the [[Ming dynasty]], who defended the southeastern coast against the raids from [[wokou]]. Huaniao Island features the Huaniao Lighthouse, initially built in 1870 with the reputation of the first lighthouse of the [[Far East]] ({{lang|zh-hans|远东第一灯塔}}), that stands on the busiest shipping route in China entering and leaving Shanghai and the [[Yangtze River]]. The lighthouse has been on the [[Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level|National Major Historical and Cultural Sites]] list under protection since 2001.

===Taohua Island Provincial Level Scenic Area=== [[File:Taohua_Island_05.jpg|thumb|Taohua Island]] [[Peach Blossom Island|Taohua Island]] is the most botanically diversified island in Zhejiang's coastal area, with nearly 600 species of trees and plants, including oranges, orchids and narcissus – and now peach trees. It is also a popular site for shooting movies and TV series based on [[Jin Yong]]'s novels. Four Chinese TV serials – "The Eagle-Shooting Heroes," "Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils," "The Return of the Condor Heroes" and "Duke of Mount Deer" – were filmed on the island. Starting from 2004, the Jin Yong Martial Arts (Wuxia) Culture Festival is held here every other year around summer. It offers dazzling martial arts performances and competitions, all thrilling for Cha's fans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/zhoushan/thd.html|title=Taohua (Peach Plossom) Island|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530041155/http://www.shanghaidaily.com/zhoushan/thd.html|archive-date=30 May 2012}}</ref>

===Daishan Provincial Level Scenic Area=== Daishan (岱山), originally known as Penglai, is believed to have been reached by [[Xu Fu]] of the [[Qin dynasty]] during his eastward journey to [[Japan]]. Mount Moxin, with a height of {{convert|257|meters}} above sea level, is the highest peak on [[Daishan Island]], from where visitors can get the fantastic view of Gaoting, the county seat, and nearby islands and water channels. Ciyun Temple is the major temple on Mount Moxin and a popular scenic spot. Lulan-qingsha Beach, measuring {{convert|3600|meters}} long and {{convert|500|meters}} wide, is the single longest beach of [[Eastern China]]. It is an ideal place for camping, flying kites, and movie-shooting. The beach is also the location for yearly worship services or matsuris of the ocean for fishing harvest. Dongsha Ancient Town was once the county seat of Daishan, with hundreds years of commercial and exchange activities associated to traditional fishing industry. Several major buildings and facilities have been well protected. Shuanghe features wonderful large-scale man-made cliffs and precipices which are the result of hundreds years of carving for granite materials for architectural purposes. Daishan has the reputation of being a county of museums. Its collection of museums include themes such as fishing culture, Zhoushan dialect, typhoon, lighthouse, salt production, etc. Besides the above-stated attractions on Daishan Island, other islands are noteworthy as well. For example, Xiushan Island features the only inter-tidal mud theme park in China. Qushan Island features Mount Guanyin, which is also a bodhimanda of Guanyin. Changtu is a traditional fishing port.

==Other attractions== {{Unreferenced section|date=March 2025}} *Dongji Islands ({{lang|zh-hans|东极岛}}), formerly known as Zhongjieshan Chain of Islands (中街山列岛), is a group of islands located at the eastmost end of the Zhoushan Archipelago, extending far into the [[East China Sea]]. It is famous for well-preserved original fishing villages, and unpolluted natural seascapes. *Shenjiamen Fishing Port ({{lang|zh-hans|沈家门渔港}}) is the traditional center of Zhoushan Fishery and the largest fishing port of China. Its seafront promenade of open-air seafood restaurants is widely appreciated for fresh seafood served, wonderful views of the port and plenty of strolling musicians. *Opium War Memorial (Zhushan Park) ({{lang|zh-hans|鸦片战争遗址公园(竹山公园)}}) is an urban park at the southwestern corner of [[Dinghai District|Dinghai]] county town in memory of the battle fought between Zhoushaners and the British around 1840, notably the heroic deeds of three generals, Ge Yunfei, Wang Xipeng and Zheng Guohong.

==Notable people== ===Arts=== *He Wei ({{lang|zh-Hant|何爲}}; 1922–2011), writer *[[Sanmao (author)|Sanmao]] ({{lang|zh|三毛}}; 1943–1991), Taiwanese writer *[[Wong Kar-wai]] ({{lang|zh-Hant|王家衛}}; born 1958), Hong Kong filmmaker *[[Michael Miu]] ({{lang|zh-Hant|苗僑偉}}; born 1958), Hong Kong TVB actor *[[Wu Shanzhuan]] ({{lang|zh-Hant|吳山專}}; born 1960), artist *[[He Saifei]] ({{lang|zh-Hant|何賽飛}}; born 1964), actress *[[Sandy Lam]] ({{lang|zh-Hant|林憶蓮}}; born 1966), Hong Kong singer

===Politics=== *[[K. H. Ting]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|丁光训}}; 1915–2012), vice-chairman of the 10th CPPCC National Committee, chairman of the China Amity Foundation *[[Qiao Shi]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|乔石}}; 1924–2015), former chairman of People's Congress of the People's Republic of China *[[Tung Chee Hwa]] ({{lang|zh-Hant|董建華}}; born 1937), the first elected Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region *[[Chai Songyue]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|柴松岳}}; born 1941), former governor of Zhejiang Province (1997–2002) *[[Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor]] ({{lang|zh-Hant|林鄭月娥}}; born 1957), the fifth elected Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

===Entrepreneurs=== *[[Tung Chao Yung]] ({{lang|zh-Hant|董浩雲}}; 1912–1982), shipping tycoon and founder of several major shipping companies *[[Yang Yuanqing]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|杨元庆}}; born 1964), chief executive officer of Lenovo *[[Jin Zhuanglong]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|金壮龙}}; born 1964), chairman of Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd

===Others=== *Xu Jingbo ({{lang|zh-Hant|徐靜波}}; born 1963), journalist and founder of Asian News Agency *Ji Xiaohua ({{lang|zh-Hans|嵇晓华}}; born 1977), founder of popular science website guokr.com

Zhoushan City has 111 licensed kindergartens, 62 primary schools, 34 middle schools, 16 high schools, 7 vocational schools, and 3 higher-educational level colleges and universities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zsjy.gov.cn/zwgk/jygk.html |script-title=zh:舟山教育网|publisher=Zsjy.gov.cn|access-date=2015-12-23|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224052930/http://www.zsjy.gov.cn/zwgk/jygk.html|archive-date=24 December 2015}}</ref> [[Zhoushan High School]], Dinghai First High School, Putuo High School, Daishan High School, and Shengsi High School are province level key public high schools. Putuo No.2 Middle School is one of the noted secondary schools in the Putuo District. Nanhai Experimental School, located at Lincheng Sub-District of Dinghai and established in 2001, is a major private school. [[Zhejiang Ocean University]] and [[Zhejiang University]] (Zhoushan Campus) are two well-known universities in the city.{{Cn|date=March 2025}}

==Twin towns – sister cities== [[File:Commemorative Stele.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A stele in Dinghai Park of Zhoushan commemorating the friendship between Zhoushan and Kesennuma, Japan.]]

*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[City of Greater Geraldton]], [[Western Australia]], Australia *{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Cangzhou]], [[Hebei]] *{{flagicon|US}} [[Richmond, California|Richmond]], [[California]], United States *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[La Spezia]], [[Province of La Spezia]], Italy *{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Szekszárd]], [[Tolna County]], Hungary *{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Tinos]], [[Cyclades]], Greece *{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Lefkada]], [[Ionian Islands]], Greece *{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kesennuma]], [[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]], Japan *{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Ganghwa County]], [[Incheon|Incheon Metropolitan City]], South Korea *{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Gokseong County]], [[South Jeolla Province]], South Korea *{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Sacheon|Sacheon City]], [[South Gyeongsang Province]], South Korea *{{flagicon|PHI}} [[Imus]], [[Cavite]], Philippines *{{flagicon|PHI}} [[Zamboanga City]], Philippines

==See also== *[[List of islands of China]] *[[East Sea Fleet]]

== Notes == {{Notelist}} {{NoteFoot}}

==References== ===Citations=== {{reflist}}

===Bibliography=== *{{PD-old-text|title=The Imperial Gazetteer|year=1875|author=Walter Graham Blackie}} *{{cite book | first=Jacques | last=Gernet | year=2002 | others=translated by J.R. Foster and Charles Hartmann | title=A History of Chinese Civilization | edition=2nd | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=New York | isbn=0-521-49781-7 | url=https://archive.org/details/historyofchinese00gern_0}} *{{cite book | first=Jonathan | last=Spence |author-link=Jonathan Spence | year=1991 | title=[[The Search for Modern China]] | publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]] | location=New York | isbn=0-393-30780-8}} *{{cite book | first=Frank | last=Welsh | year=1997 | title=A History of Hong Kong | edition=revised | publisher=HarperCollins Publishers | location=London | isbn=0-00-638871-X | url=https://archive.org/details/historyofhongkon00fran}}

==Further reading== *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LTZKAAAAYAAJ |title=Special catalogue of the Ningpo collection of exhibits for the international fishery exhibition, Berlin, 1880: Preceded by a description of the fisheries of Ningpo and the Chusan Archipelago |year=1880 |author=China. Statistical Dept |publisher=Statistical Dept. |location=SHANGHAI: STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE INSPECTORATE GENERAL |page=132 |access-date=1 March 2012}}(the New York Public Library)(Digitized 2 December 2009)

==External links== {{Commons category|Zhoushan}} *[http://www.zhoushan.gov.cn Government website of Zhoushan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102222944/http://www.zhoushan.gov.cn/ |date=November 2, 2015 }} {{in lang|zh}} *[http://www.zhoushan.cn/rdzz/gjjhhzhkf/ New Area website of Zhoushan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124153021/http://www.zhoushan.cn/rdzz/gjjhhzhkf/ |date=24 November 2020 }} {{in lang|zh}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080410081735/http://www.zhoushan.gov.cn/en/index.htm Government website of Zhoushan] *[http://www.zhoushan.cn 舟山网 (Zhoushan Net)] {{in lang|zh}}: Local news and info *[http://www.shanghaidaily.com/zhoushan/index.html "Undiscovered Zhoushan"] : Maps and tourist information

{{-}} {{Zhejiang}} {{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zhoushan}} [[Category:Zhoushan| ]] [[Category:Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean]] [[Category:Cities in Zhejiang]] [[Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang]] [[Category:Archipelagoes of China]] [[Category:Islands of the East China Sea]] [[Category:National Civilized City]]