Žamberk

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Žamberk | other_name = | settlement_type = Town  | image_skyline = Radnice v Žamberku.jpg | image_caption = Town hall | image_flag = Flag of Zamberk.svg | image_shield = COA Znak města Žamberk.svg  | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{CZE}} | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Pardubice | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Ústí nad Orlicí  | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Czech Republic | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic | coordinates = {{coord|50|5|10|N|16|28|3|E|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes =  | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Jiří Mencák  | established_title = First mentioned | established_date = 1332  | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 16.91  | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 418  | population_as_of = 2025-01-01 | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2025|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/population-of-municipalities-t4l3n8d2iw|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|date=2025-05-16}}</ref> | population_total = 5819 | population_density_km2 = auto  | timezone1 = CET | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = CEST | utc_offset1_DST = +2  | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 564 01 | area_code_type = | area_code =  | website = {{URL|https://www.zamberk.cz/}} | footnotes = }} '''Žamberk''' ({{IPA|cs|ˈʒambɛrk}}; {{langx|de|Senftenberg}}) is a town in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,800 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

==Geography== Žamberk is located about {{convert|13|km|0}} northeast of Ústí nad Orlicí and {{convert|49|km|abbr=on}} east of Pardubice. It lies in the Orlické Foothills. The highest point is the hill Hůrka at {{convert|516|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The Divoká Orlice River flows through the town.

===Climate=== Žamberk's climate is classified as humid continental climate (Köppen: ''Dfb''; Trewartha: ''Dcbo''). Among them, the annual average temperature is {{convert|8.3|C}}, the hottest month in July is {{convert|18.3|C}}, and the coldest month is {{convert|-2.0|C}} in January. The annual precipitation is {{convert|747.7|mm}}, of which July is the wettest with {{convert|98.4|mm}}, while April is the driest with only {{convert|37.2|mm}}. The extreme temperature throughout the year ranged from {{convert|-30.3|C}} on 28 January 1942 to {{convert|34.8|C}} on 7 August 2015.<ref name=extremes>{{cite web |title=Teplota vzduchu v jednotlivé kalendářní dny|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/analysisWrapper.php?ID=H2ZAMB01&type=T&analysis=MD_T|access-date=2025-02-24|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224072247/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/analysisWrapper.php?ID=H2ZAMB01&type=T&analysis=MD_T|archive-date=2025-02-24}}</ref>

{{Weather box |location = Žamberk, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1850–present |metric first = Y |single line = Y |collapsed = Y |Jan record high C = 13.9 |Feb record high C = 16.4 |Mar record high C = 22.1 |Apr record high C = 27.3 |May record high C = 31.3 |Jun record high C = 34.4 |Jul record high C = 34.6 |Aug record high C = 34.8 |Sep record high C = 30.9 |Oct record high C = 25.1 |Nov record high C = 19.8 |Dec record high C = 13.2 |year record high C = 34.8 |Jan high C = 0.8 |Feb high C = 2.9 |Mar high C = 8.0 |Apr high C = 15.0 |May high C = 18.4 |Jun high C = 22.4 |Jul high C = 24.6 |Aug high C = 24.2 |Sep high C = 19.0 |Oct high C = 12.9 |Nov high C = 7.3 |Dec high C = 2.3 |year high C = 13.2 |Jan mean C = -2.0 |Feb mean C = -0.6 |Mar mean C = 2.7 |Apr mean C = 8.6 |May mean C = 12.7 |Jun mean C = 16.8 |Jul mean C = 18.3 |Aug mean C = 17.5 |Sep mean C = 12.8 |Oct mean C = 8.0 |Nov mean C = 4.3 |Dec mean C = 0.0 |year mean C = 8.3 |Jan low C = -5.1 |Feb low C = -4.0 |Mar low C = -1.8 |Apr low C = 1.9 |May low C = 6.4 |Jun low C = 10.5 |Jul low C = 11.8 |Aug low C = 11.4 |Sep low C = 7.6 |Oct low C = 3.9 |Nov low C = 1.4 |Dec low C = -2.4 |year low C = 3.5 |Jan record low C = -30.3 |Feb record low C = -27.0 |Mar record low C = -18.4 |Apr record low C = -9.5 |May record low C = -4.6 |Jun record low C = -0.3 |Jul record low C = 3.0 |Aug record low C = 2.0 |Sep record low C = -2.8 |Oct record low C = -6.8 |Nov record low C = -14.7 |Dec record low C = -26.2 |year record low C = -30.3 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 57.6 |Feb precipitation mm = 48.8 |Mar precipitation mm = 52.7 |Apr precipitation mm = 37.2 |May precipitation mm = 69.2 |Jun precipitation mm = 80.9 |Jul precipitation mm = 98.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 73.4 |Sep precipitation mm = 62.9 |Oct precipitation mm = 53.7 |Nov precipitation mm = 53.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 59.0 |year precipitation mm = 747.7 |Jan snow cm = 29.5 |Feb snow cm = 29.8 |Mar snow cm = 14.2 |Apr snow cm = 3.4 |May snow cm = 0.0 |Jun snow cm = 0.0 |Jul snow cm = 0.0 |Aug snow cm = 0.0 |Sep snow cm = 0.0 |Oct snow cm = 0.6 |Nov snow cm = 12.1 |Dec snow cm = 28.5 |year snow cm = 118.1 |humidity colour = green |Jan humidity = 89.6 |Feb humidity = 85.2 |Mar humidity = 79.8 |Apr humidity = 72.1 |May humidity = 74.3 |Jun humidity = 75.6 |Jul humidity = 75.1 |Aug humidity = 77.8 |Sep humidity = 83.4 |Oct humidity = 87.8 |Nov humidity = 90.2 |Dec humidity = 91.8 |year humidity = 81.9 |Jan sun = 33.2 |Feb sun = 57.8 |Mar sun = 116.2 |Apr sun = 204.8 |May sun = 204.9 |Jun sun = 223.2 |Jul sun = 245.8 |Aug sun = 232.2 |Sep sun = 157.5 |Oct sun = 79.7 |Nov sun = 37.7 |Dec sun = 25.6 |year sun = 1618.6 |source 1 = Czech Hydrometeorological Institute<ref name=extremes/><ref>{{cite web |title=Průměrná teplota vzduchu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/analysisWrapper.php?ID=H2ZAMB01&type=T&analysis=MY_T|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2025-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Úhrn srážek v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/analysisWrapper.php?ID=H2ZAMB01&type=R&analysis=MY|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2025-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224072315/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/analysisWrapper.php?ID=H2ZAMB01&type=R&analysis=MY|archive-date=2025-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Množství nového sněhu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/analysisWrapper.php?ID=H2ZAMB01&type=N&analysis=MY|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2025-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Průměrná relativní vlhkost vzduchu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/analysisWrapper.php?ID=H2ZAMB01&type=H&analysis=MY|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2025-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224072254/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/analysisWrapper.php?ID=H2ZAMB01&type=H&analysis=MY|archive-date=2025-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Délka slunečního svitu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/analysisWrapper.php?ID=H2ZAMB01&type=S&analysis=MY|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2025-02-24}}</ref>}}

==History== thumb|Masarykovo Square with the Marian column Žamberk was founded in the second half of the 13th century, during the colonization of this region. Its predecessor was a Slavic settlement on a trade route from Moravia to Kłodzko Land. The first written mention of Žamberk is from 1332, under its German name Senftenberg. Soon after, the Czech name began to be used, which testifies to the majority of the Czech population.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Historie města|url=http://www.zamberk.cz/index.php?ids=401|publisher=Město Žamberk|language=cs|access-date=2021-10-09}}</ref>

In the middle of the 14th century, Žamberk was divided between the estates of Litice and Žampach with different owners. As a part of the Litice estate, it was owned by the Pernštejn family and Ernest of Bavaria. In 1563, it was acquired by Mikuláš of Bubna of Litice. In 1575, he bought the second part of Žamberk and merged the two parts. In 1575–1600, he had a castle built here and since then it was known as the Žamberk estate. The Bubna of Litice family owned the estate until 1809.<ref name=history/>

==Demographics== {{historical populations |align=none|cols=3 |1869|3353 |1880|3664 |1890|3678 |1900|3425 |1910|3641 |1921|3702 |1930|4323 |1950|4170 |1961|4417 |1970|4605 |1980|5366 |1991|5864 |2001|6153 |2011|6092 |2021|5788 |source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}

==Economy== The largest industrial employer based in the town is Bühler CZ, a manufacturer of food processing machines with more than 250 employees.<ref>{{cite web |title=Registr ekonomických subjektů|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/res/registr_ekonomickych_subjektu|work=Business Register|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|access-date=2025-03-26}}</ref>

==Transport== The I/11 road from Hradec Králové to Šumperk runs through the town.

The railway station named ''Žamberk'', which serves the town, is located in the territory of the neighbouring Dlouhoňovice. It lies on the railway line heading from Hradec Králové to Letohrad.<ref>{{cite web |title=Detail stanice Žamberk|url=https://www.cd.cz/stanice/zamberk/5453320|publisher=České dráhy|language=cs|access-date=2023-05-17}}</ref>

==Sights== thumb|160px|Church of Saint Wencleslaus The historic centre is formed by Masarykovo Square and adjacent streets. The main landmark of the square is the town hall. It is a Neoclassical building from 1810. In the middle of the square are a Marian column from the late 17th century and a fountain with sculptures of a nymph and a centaur.<ref name=sights>{{cite web |title=Výletní okruh městem|url=http://www.zamberk.cz/index.php?ids=305|publisher=Město Žamberk|language=cs|access-date=2021-10-09}}</ref>

The Church of Saint Wencleslaus is the highest building in the town. Its existence was first mentioned in 1348.<ref name=sights/>

The Žamberk Castle is a Renaissance building that includes the Chapel of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary and a castle park, probably founded in the 19th century. The castle is inaccessible to the public.<ref name=sights/>

The Jewish cemetery was established in around 1700 and today there is a small exposition on Jewish population in the town.<ref name=sights/>

==Notable people== *Prokop Diviš (1698–1765), inventor, catholic priest *Theodor Brorsen (1819–1895), Danish astronomer and botanist; worked here *Eduard Albert (1841–1900), Austrian surgeon, professor and historian *Václav F. Kumpošt (1846–1874), founder of the ''Vesmír'' magazine *August Seydler (1849–1891), astronomer, theoretical physicist and professor *Jan Vilímek (1860–1938), illustrator and painter *Josef Ježek (1884–1969), politician *Oldřich Marek (1911–1986), entomologist and teacher; worked here *Petr Eben (1929–2007), composer

==Twin towns – sister cities== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}} Žamberk is twinned with:<ref name=twins>{{cite web |title=Partnerská města|url=https://www.zamberk.cz/partnerska%2Dmesta/ms-10204/p1=10204|publisher=Město Žamberk|language=cs|access-date=2025-03-26}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=20em}} *{{flagicon|ITA}} Fresagrandinaria, Italy *{{flagicon|POL}} Nowa Sól, Poland *{{flagicon|GER}} Püttlingen, Germany *{{flagicon|USA}} Rice Lake, United States *{{flagicon|FRA}} Saint-Michel-sur-Orge, France *{{flagicon|GER}} Senftenberg, Germany *{{flagicon|AUT}} Senftenberg, Austria *{{flagicon|HUN}} Veszprém, Hungary {{div col end}}

Žamberk also has friendly relations with Miharu in Japan.<ref name=twins/>

==Gallery== <gallery> MMŽbk-Žamberský zámek.JPG|Žamberk Castle Divisovo divadlo zamberk.jpg|Diviš Theatre Židovský hřbitov, Žamberk, okres Ústí nad Orlicí (02).jpg|Jewish cemetery Rozhledna Rozalka.jpg|Tyrš observation tower on Rozálka hill Pomnik I. sv. valka.jpg|World War I memorial </gallery>

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{commons category|Žamberk}} *{{official|https://www.zamberk.cz/}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zamberk}} Category:Cities and towns in the Pardubice Region Category:Populated places in Ústí nad Orlicí District