{{Short description|Korean noblewoman}} {{Infobox royalty | image = Lady Yuhwa and young Chumo.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Lady Yuhwa and young Ko Chumong | succession = | reign = | predecessor = | successor = | era names = | birth_date = | death_date = B.C. 24 | royal house = | father = Habaek | mother = | spouse = | issue = Dongmyeong of Goguryeo | birth_place = | death_place = Buyeo | burial_place = Buyeo }} {{Infobox Korean name |hangul= 하백녀 |hanja= 河伯女 | rr =Habaengnyeo | mr =Habaengnyŏ | koreanipa = | hangulborn =하유화 | hanjaborn =河柳花 | rrborn =Ha Yuhwa | mrborn =Ha Ryuhwa | koreanipaborn = }}
'''Habaengnyeo''' ({{Korean|하백녀|河伯女}}) or '''Habaengnyeorang''' ({{Korean|하백녀랑|河伯女郞}}) was the daughter of Habaek ({{Korean|하백|河伯}}), and the mother of Dongmyeong of Goguryeo (Ko Chumong), the founder of the kingdom of Goguryeo.<ref name="Gwanggaeto Stele">{{Cite web|title=Gwanggaeto Stele|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=50&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=1&totalCount=1&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=gskh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=gskh_001_0010_0010_0160&position=-1|access-date=16 September 2021|website=db.history.go.kr|archive-date=18 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618175431/http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=50&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=1&totalCount=1&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=gskh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=gskh_001_0010_0010_0160&position=-1|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was also given the name '''Yuhwa''' ({{Korean|유화|柳花}}) in ''Samguk Sagi'' and ''Samguk Yusa''.<ref name="Samguk Sagi 13 Goguryeo 1-1">{{Cite web|title=Samguk Sagi Book 13 History of Goguryeo Part 1 Section 1|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/compareViewer.do?levelId=sg_013r_0020_0010|access-date=8 September 2021|website=db.history.go.kr}}</ref>
==Mythological overview== [[File:Lady Yuhwa and King Geumwa.png|thumb|357x357px|Lady Yuhwa being found by King Geumwa by Sadahide in his book Chōsenseihatsuki (1854)]] Habaek, the god of the Amnok River, had three beautiful daughters: Yuhwa, Hwonhwa ({{Korean|훤화|萱花}}), and Wihwa ({{Korean|위화|葦花}}). The sisters were playing on the riverside, but ran away when they saw Hae Mo-su ({{Korean|해모수|解慕漱}}) approaching them. To lure the ladies, Hae Mo-su built an exquisitely decorated palace and held a banquet. After the sisters came into the palace and became drunk, Hae Mo-su attempted to block the exit, and was able to capture Yuhwa.<ref name="Dongguk Yisanggukjip">{{Cite web|title=Dongguk Yisanggukjip|url=https://db.itkc.or.kr/dir/item?itemId=BT#dir/node?grpId=&itemId=BT&gubun=book&depth=5&cate1=Z&cate2=&dataGubun=%EC%B5%9C%EC%A2%85%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4&dataId=ITKC_BT_0004A_0050_010_0010|access-date=25 September 2021|website=db.itkc.or.kr}}</ref>
Outraged by kidnapping of Yuhwa, Habaek sent his messenger to scold Hae Mo-su. Ashamed by his own actions, Hae Mo-su tried to let Yuhwa go, but Yuhwa refused to leave because she had fallen in love with him. To solve the problem, Hae Mo-su summoned a chariot drawn by five dragons and went to Habaek's palace. When they arrived, Habaek challenged Hae Mo-su to a duel of metamorphosis.<ref name="Dongguk Yisanggukjip" /> Habaek transformed into a carp, a pheasant, and a deer, only to be caught by Hae Mo-su when he transformed into an otter, a hawk, and a wolf respectively. Witnessing the talent of Hae Mo-su, Habaek held a banquet to celebrate the marriage. Once the couple became drunk, Habaek put them into a leather bag, and loaded it into the dragon chariot to ascend the couple to Heaven. However, Hae Mo-su woke up in the middle of the journey, and ran away to Heaven alone by cutting the leather bag with Yuhwa's golden hairpin.<ref name="Dongguk Yisanggukjip" />
When Yuhwa came back alone, Habaek saw her as a disgrace to the family. Habaek had her lips stretched out, and exiled her to Wubalsu or Wubal Pond ({{Korean|우발수|優渤水}}), located at the south of Taebaeksan or Taebaek Mountain ({{Korean|태백산|太白山}}) along with two servants.<ref name="Dongguk Yisanggukjip" />
One day a fisherman reported to Geumwa of Buyeo that a strange creature was strolling underwater. The king ordered the capture of the creature, and Yuhwa was pulled out from the water. Because her lips were stretched, they had to be cut three times for her to speak. The king realized that she was the concubine of Son of the Heaven, thus kept her in a detached palace where the sunlight followed Yuhwa and made her pregnant.<ref name="Dongguk Yisanggukjip" />
==Family== * Father: Habaek ({{Korean|hangul=하백|labels=no}}) ** Sister: Wihwa ({{Korean|hangul=위화|labels=no}}) ** Sister: Hweonhwa ({{Korean|hangul=훤화|labels=no}}) ** Husband: Geumwa of Buyeo ({{Korean|hangul=금와왕|labels=no}}) ** Husband: Hae Mo-su of Buyeo ({{Korean|hangul=해모수왕|labels=no}}) *** Son: Dongmyeong of Goguryeo ({{Korean|hangul=동명성왕|labels=no}}) ** Husband: Tan'gun ({{Korean|hangul=단군|labels=no}}) *** Son: Buru of Buyeo ({{Korean|hangul=해부루|labels=no}})
==Popular culture== * Portrayed by Oh Yeon-soo in the 2006–2007 MBC TV series ''Jumong''.
==Sources== * ''Samguk Yusa'', by Il-yeon
== See also == * List of Korean monarchs * History of Korea * Three Kingdoms of Korea
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yuhwa, Lady}} Category:Royal consorts of Korea Category:Buyeo people Category:Goguryeo people