{{Short description|Taiwanese politician (1904–1989)}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Yu Teng-fa | native_name = {{nobold|余登發}} | native_name_lang = zh-Hant | image = | caption = | order1 = | office1 = Magistrate of Kaohsiung County | 1blankname1 = | 1namedata1 = | term_start1 = 2 June 1960 | term_end1 = 27 September 1963 | predecessor1 = Chen Chieh-hsing | successor1 = Lin Shih-cheng {{small|(acting)}}<br>Tai Liang-chin | birth_date = {{birth date|1904|9|21|df=y}} | birth_place = Takao Prefecture, Taiwan, Empire of Japan | death_date = {{death date and age|1989|9|13|1904|9|21|df=y}} | death_place = Kaohsiung, Taiwan | party = Independent | other_party = Kuomintang {{small|(1947–1948)}} | spouse = | relations = | children = Yu Jui-yen (son)<br>Huang Yu Hsiu-luan (daughter) | alma_mater = | signature = }}
'''Yu Teng-fa''' ({{lang-zh|first=t|t=余登發 |s=余登发 |p=Yú Dēngfā}}; 21 September 1904 – 13 September 1989) was a Taiwanese politician. His family's influence in Kaohsiung began with his own political career. Yu's daughter-in-law Yu Chen Yueh-ying succeeded his daughter Huang Yu Hsiu-luan in the Legislative Yuan. Yu Teng-fa played a major role in Yu Chen's political career, and his grandchildren Yu Lin-ya, Yu Jane-daw, and Yu Cheng-hsien have also served in the Legislative Yuan.
== Life == Born to a family of wealthy farmers, Yu Teng-fa began his political career in 1947, when he was elected a Kuomintang member of the National Assembly.<ref name="murdered">{{cite journal|title=Old warrior Yu Teng-fa Murdered|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=November 1989|issue=42|page=23|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc42-int.pdf|access-date=11 March 2018|issn=1027-3999}}</ref> He left the KMT in 1948,<ref name="murdered"/><ref name="rodan">{{cite book|author1-link=Shelley Rigger|last1=Rigger|first1=Shelley|editor-last1=Rodan|editor-first1=Garry|title=Political Oppositions in Industrialising Asia|date=1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjLxQMo0_x8C&pg=PA320|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=9780415148658|page=320|access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> though he remained friends with party members, namely Chen Hsin-an.<ref name="chenvp">{{cite news|last1=Hsu|first1=Elizabeth|title=Chen Chien-jen vows to be more than just figurehead vice president|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aftr/201601160035.aspx|access-date=11 March 2018|agency=Central News Agency|date=16 January 2016|archive-date=28 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128202100/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aftr/201601160035.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yu succeeded Chen Chieh-hsing as Kaohsiung County magistrate in 1960. That same year, he founded the China Democratic Self Government Research Association.<ref name="jbjacobs">{{cite book|author-link1=J. Bruce Jacobs|last1=Jacobs|first1=J. Bruce|title=The Kaohsiung Incident in Taiwan and Memoirs of a Foreign Big Beard|date=2016|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004315921|page=14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TIEJDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA14|access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> His followers were known as the "black faction."<ref name="chenvp"/><ref name="jbjacobs"/> Yu was invited to join the tangwai movement for democratization, and he did so.<ref name="jbjacobs"/> However, he remained opposed to Taiwanese independence, preferring unification with China.<ref name="rodan"/><ref name="jbjacobs"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Wachman|first1=Alan|author-link1= Alan M. Wachman|title=Taiwan: National Identity and Democratization|date=1994|publisher=M. E. Sharpe|isbn=9781563243981|page=118|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RVCOEWoiecAC&pg=PA118}}</ref> Yu yielded the Kaohsiung magistracy to Tai Liang-chin of Kaohsiung's "red faction" in 1963.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wu|first1=Chung-li|title=Local factions and the Kuomintang in Taiwan's electoral politics|journal=International Relations of the Asia-Pacific|date=2003|volume=3|page=110|citeseerx=10.1.1.846.5823|doi=10.1093/irap/3.1.89}}</ref> The Kuomintang charged Yu with embezzlement, and he was jailed.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ko|first1=Shu-ling|title=FEATURE: Provincial officials recall drama of democratization|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2007/12/03/2003390914|access-date=17 March 2018|work=Taipei Times|date=3 December 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tsai: "Stories of our democracy must be told again and again"|url=http://english.rti.org.tw/news/?recordId=74783|access-date=17 March 2018|agency=Radio Taiwan International|date=17 September 2017|archive-date=17 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317164816/http://english.rti.org.tw/news/?recordId=74783|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Elections to the National Assembly and Legislative Yuan were scheduled for December 1978, but postponed after the United States announced that it would soon diplomatically recognize the People's Republic of China. Yu protested the postponement of the elections, stating that the decision was unconstitutional, exposing the Kuomintang's penchant for relying on martial law.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rigger|first1=Shelley|title=Politics in Taiwan: Voting for Democracy|date=1999|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=9780415172080|page=116|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9Bgx4C5voUC&pg=PA116|access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> In January 1979, he and his son Yu Jui-yen were arrested prior to a demonstration against the postponement of elections and formally charged with "knowing a Communist and not reporting it."<ref name="jbjacobs"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kilimnik|first1=Ken|title=Made in Taiwan|journal=Contemporary Crises|date=April 1981|volume=5|issue=2|page=128|doi=10.1007/BF00728409|s2cid=143110914}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Bridges|editor-first1=Brian|editor-last2=Ho|editor-first2=Lok-sang|title=Public Governance in Asia and the Limits of Electoral Democracy|date=2009|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=9781849806343|page=143|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UncTYB3LhjAC&pg=PA143|access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> Yu's arrest led to a large protest organized by Hsu Hsin-liang.<ref name="jbjacobs"/> The event became known as the {{ill|Qiaotou incident|zh|橋頭事件}} and was the first political demonstration since martial law was enacted in May 1949.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yang |first1=Sophia |title=Taiwan's first protest under martial law: The 1979 Ciaotao Incident |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3622012 |access-date=21 January 2019 |work=Taiwan News |date=21 January 2019}}</ref> The January 1979 protest prompted Hsu's impeachment by the Control Yuan, which in turn contributed to December's Kaohsiung Incident.<ref name="jbjacobs"/><ref name="taiday"/> Yu's alleged collaborator, Wu Tai-an,<ref>{{cite news|title=Taiwan: Opposition leader arrested|url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/204000/nws210031979en.pdf|access-date=13 March 2018|work=Amnesty International|date=March 1979}}</ref> also known as Wu Chun-fa, went to trial shortly after Yu's arrest.<ref name="amint"/> Proceedings against Yu Teng-fa and Yu Jui-yen began in March 1979,<ref name="amint">{{cite news|title=Yu Teng-fa's case|url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/204000/asa380101979en.pdf|access-date=12 March 2018|publisher=Amnesty International|date=October 1979|pages=13–14}}</ref> and were overseen by a military court of the Taiwan Garrison Command.<ref>{{cite news |title=This month in Free China |url=https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=2,23,45&post=1737 |access-date=3 May 2019 |work=Free China Review |date=1 June 1979}}</ref> During his trial, Yu Teng-fa was represented by Yao Chia-wen.<ref name="tc2923">{{cite journal |title=Profile of a human rights lawyer |journal=Taiwan Communiqué |date=March 1987 |issue=29 |pages=2–3 |url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc29-int.pdf |access-date=9 September 2018 |issn=1027-3999}}</ref><ref name="taiday">{{cite news|title=Qiaotou Incident commemorated in Kaohsiung|url=https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=2,23&post=3580|access-date=11 March 2018|work=Taiwan Today|date=23 January 2015}}</ref> On 16 April 1979, Yu was sentenced to eight years imprisonment.<ref name="jbjacobs"/><ref name="amint"/> In her memoir, Annette Lu wrote that the charges against Yu were "an elaborate frame up."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lu|first1=Hsiu-lien|last2=Esarey|first2=Ashley|author-link1=Annette Lu|title=My Fight for a New Taiwan: One Woman's Journey from Prison to Power|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=9780295805054|page=101|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IrgFAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA101|access-date=11 March 2018|date=2014-05-22}}</ref> Three years later,<ref name="tc2923"/> Yu was released on medical parole.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lu|first1=Hsiu-lien|last2=Esarey|first2=Ashley|author-link1=Annette Lu|title=My Fight for a New Taiwan: One Woman's Journey from Prison to Power|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=9780295805054|page=299|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IrgFAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA299|access-date=11 March 2018|date=2014-05-22}}</ref><ref name="new">{{cite journal|title=New Evidence in 1979 Political Case|journal=Taiwan Communiqué|date=April 1995|issue=65|page=23|url=http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc65-int.pdf|issn=1027-3999|access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> In 1986, while serving as magistrate of Kaohsiung, Yu Teng-fa's daughter in-law Yu Chen Yueh-ying merged the "black faction" with the Democratic Progressive Party.<ref name="rodan"/> On 13 September 1989, Yu Teng-fa was found dead at his home in Kaohsiung.<ref>{{cite news|title=Taiwan political opposition pioneer slain|url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/63743/TAIWAN-POLITICAL-OPPOSITION-PIONEER-SLAIN.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315133302/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/63743/TAIWAN-POLITICAL-OPPOSITION-PIONEER-SLAIN.com|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 15, 2018|access-date=14 March 2018|work=Deseret News|date=14 September 1989}}</ref> He had been injured in the back of the head, and was lying in a supine position.<ref name="murdered"/> In 1995, Kao Ming-hui, a retired deputy chief of the Investigation Bureau based in Kaohsiung, wrote that charges against Yu were fabricated by Kao's agency, additionally stating that Yu was mentally unstable and could not recognize the flag of the People's Republic of China when questioned.<ref name="new"/>
==References== {{reflist}} {{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yu, Teng-fa}} Category:1904 births Category:1989 deaths Category:Magistrates of Kaohsiung County Category:Kuomintang politicians in Taiwan Category:Taiwanese democracy activists Category:Taiwanese prisoners and detainees Category:Prisoners and detainees of Taiwan Category:Yu family (Kaohsiung) Category:Taiwanese politicians convicted of crimes