{{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--> |settlement_type = Village | subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = Territory |subdivision_name1 = Guam |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |image_skyline = Cliff (17932862992).jpg |image_caption = Ritidian Point, the northernmost point on Guam, in the Guam National Wildlife Refuge |image_flag = |timezone = ChST |utc_offset = +10 |unit_pref = Imperial |map_caption = Location of Yigo within the Territory of Guam. |elevation_ft = 587 |official_name = Yigo, Guam |image_map = Locator maps of Guam villages - Yigo.svg |area_total_sq_mi = 35 |population_total = 19339 |population_footnotes = <ref name=census2020>[https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/guam/population-and-housing-unit-counts/guam-phc-table01.pdf Population of Guam: 2010 and 2020], U.S. Census Bureau.</ref> |population_as_of = 2020 |population_blank1 = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Frances S. Lizama (D) |leader_title1 = Vice Mayor |leader_name1 = Pedro S. Blas (D) | Mayor_since = }} '''Yigo''' ({{langx|ch|'''Yigu'''}}; {{IPA|ch|d͡ʒiɡo|audio|LL-Q33262 (cha)-Noaius Paticus-Yigo.wav}}) is the northernmost village of the United States territory of Guam, and is the location of Andersen Air Force Base. The municipality of Yigo is the largest village on the island in terms of area. It contains a number of populated places, including Asatdas and Agafo Gumas.
== History == {{further|History of Guam}} The origin of the name "Yigo" is contested. Some state that it is derived from the Spanish word ''yugo'', meaning "yoke". However, some sources refer to the area as '''Asyigo''', meaning "the home of the person Yigo." Any record of such a person has been lost.<ref name="Guampedia_Yigo">{{cite web |last1=Clement, Jr. |first1=Michael R. |title=Yigo (Yigu) |url=https://www.guampedia.com/yigo/ |website=Guampedia |access-date=19 June 2020 |date=9 April 2019}}</ref>
Before contact with Europeans, Yigo had a large number of villages. Latte stone structure remnants around Mount Santa Rosa and Mataguac indicate significant populations. During the Spanish-Chamorro Wars of the late seventeenth century, settlements in Yigo included Hanom, Tarague, Hinapsan, and Upi (now Northwest Field). Hanom, in particular, was a critical refuge because of its freshwater spring. The August 1679 defeat of the CHamorus at Hanom by a force of Spaniards and their allies from Nisihan led by José de Quiroga y Losada was one of the fiercest battles of the conflict. Following the subjugation of the CHamoru, the much reduced population was relocated to six villages centered on churches in the center and south of the island. Northern areas, including Yigo, were open to hunters and fishermen but not settlement.<ref name="Guampedia_Yigo"/>
In the early nineteenth century, wealthy residents of Hagåtña began purchasing fertile land in Yigo for agricultural uses. The area became known for producing cocoa beans, used to make hot chocolate for Hagåtña residents, as well as coffee, avocado, citrus, and copra. Upi was an important center of cattle ranching, while copra plantations were located along the northern coast, in particular. Following the Spanish–American War and beginning of the American administration, some Chamorus began to permanently settle in the north. The first elementary school in the area opened in 1912 and, in 1919, the U.S. administration authorized 25-year land use permits in Yigo. Our Lady of Lourdes Chapel was constructed in 1920; previously, Yigo residents journeyed to Hagåtña for mass. The first village store was started in 1925. However, by 1940, Yigo remained sparsely populated with about 40 families.<ref name="Guampedia_Yigo"/>
[[File:Burning tanks in Yigo during the Battle of Guam 1944 (49481773263).jpg|thumb|Burning U.S. tanks in Yigo during the Battle of Guam (1944)]] During the Japanese occupation of Guam from 1941 to 1944, some Hagåtña residents moved to Yigo to get away from the occupying Japanese force.<ref name="Guampedia_Yigo"/> The village was the site of a concentration camp during Japanese occupation of the island.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} The final battle between Japanese and American forces during the Battle of Guam occurred in Yigo on August 7 and 8, 1944, resulting in the destruction of the chapel and many homes.<ref name="Guampedia_Yigo"/> The South Pacific Memorial Peace Park was built by the Japanese Government and is dedicated to the many Japanese and American soldiers who died in the battle of Guam.
[[File:Aerial view of Andersen AFB.jpg|thumb|Northwest Field, an abandoned airfield constructed in 1944–45, is located on the site of the Spanish-era settlement of Upi]] Following the war, the population of Yigo soared, first as it accommodated displaced persons from the south and then non-Chamorus who moved to Guam. The economy reoriented from agriculture towards the presence of Andersen Air Force Base and the population continued to grow with the construction of housing subdivisions throughout the village.<ref name="Guampedia_Yigo"/>
==Climate== {{Weather box | name = | width = auto | collapsed = yes | open = | single line = yes | trace = | location =Andersen Air Force Base (1991-2020 normals)
| temperature colour = | Jan high F =83.3 | Feb high F =83.8 | Mar high F =84.2 | Apr high F =85.2 | May high F =86.1 | Jun high F =86.6 | Jul high F =85.9 | Aug high F =85.7 | Sep high F =85.9 | Oct high F =84.6 | Nov high F =85.2 | Dec high F =84.2 | year high F = <!-- Mean daily temperature --> | Jan mean F =79.6 | Feb mean F =79.6 | Mar mean F =80.2 | Apr mean F =81.2 | May mean F =82.1 | Jun mean F =82.4 | Jul mean F =81.5 | Aug mean F =81.4 | Sep mean F =81.3 | Oct mean F =81.5 | Nov mean F =81.4 | Dec mean F =80.6 | year mean F = <!-- Average low temperatures --> | Jan low F =75.8 | Feb low F =75.5 | Mar low F =76.2 | Apr low F =77.2 | May low F =78.1 | Jun low F =78.2 | Jul low F =77.2 | Aug low F =77.0 | Sep low F =76.8 | Oct low F =77.3 | Nov low F =77.6 | Dec low F =76.9 | year low F =
| precipitation colour =green | Jan precipitation inch =5.34 | Feb precipitation inch =4.17 | Mar precipitation inch =2.37 | Apr precipitation inch =3.54 | May precipitation inch =4.11 | Jun precipitation inch =6.87 | Jul precipitation inch =10.77 | Aug precipitation inch =15.09 | Sep precipitation inch =12.77 | Oct precipitation inch =11.31 | Nov precipitation inch =7.95 | Dec precipitation inch =5.46 | year precipitation inch =
<!-- Average number of precipitation days --> | unit precipitation days = 0.01 in | precip days colour = | Jan precipitation days =18.9 | Feb precipitation days =16.8 | Mar precipitation days =16.6 | Apr precipitation days =16.0 | May precipitation days =18.8 | Jun precipitation days =22.5 | Jul precipitation days =24.8 | Aug precipitation days =24.9 | Sep precipitation days =23.7 | Oct precipitation days =23.6 | Nov precipitation days =22.2 | Dec precipitation days =20.8 | year precipitation days =
| source = NOAA<ref>{{Cite web |title=Station: ANDERSEN AFB GUAM, GU GQ GQC00914025 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=GQC00914025&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020 |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information |pages=1, 2 |format=PDF |quote=Elev: 624 ft. Lat: 13.5761° N Lon: 144.9281° E}}</ref> }}
== Government and infrastructure == The federal government of the United States owns portions of the land in Yigo; the Government of Guam stated that it was one of several villages that are "characterized primarily by the large proportion of land owned by the federal government".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bsp.guam.gov/wp-bsp-content/uploads/2016/10/2FINAL.NorthandCentralGuamLandUsePlan093009_-Fr-Terry-P.pdf|title=North and Central Guam Land Use Plan|publisher=Government of Guam Bureau of Statistics and Plans|date=September 2009|accessdate=2023-07-04|pages=2–8 (PDF p. 24/64)}}</ref>
== Education == [[File:SimonSanchezHS (cropped).jpg|thumb|Simon Sanchez High School]] Yigo, served by the Guam Department of Education, has several kindergarten through 5th grade elementary schools:
* Daniel L. Perez Elementary School (formerly Yigo Elementary School) * Machananao Elementary School * Upi Elementary School * F.B. Leon Guerrero Middle School, formerly an elementary school until 1981, when it was converted into a middle school, and Simon Sanchez High School are in Yigo. Sanchez opened as a junior high school in 1974; the school became a high school in 1982 to serve north-eastern Guam.<ref name="GuamHSReport">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20060519221307/http://www.gdoe.net/ci/high_sch_crse_desc/guam_PHS.pdf Guam's Public High Schools]." ''Guam Public School System''. Accessed September 8, 2008.</ref>
Simon Sanchez became a high school in 1982. The first graduating class graduated in May 1983.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}
In regards to the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA), Yigo is in the school transportation zone for Andersen Elementary and Andersen Middle School, while Guam High School is the island's sole DoDEA high school.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.militarymwrguam.com/modules/media/?do=inline&id=ec1335e8-67d4-4fde-824e-aabf8345f466|title=DoDEA Guam School Boundaries and Bus Transportation Zones|publisher=Military Morale, Welfare and Recreation Guam|accessdate=2023-07-07}}</ref>
==Government== {| class="wikitable" |- | colspan="3" align=center|'''Commissioner of Yigo''' |- ! Name ! Term begin ! Term end |- |Juan A. San Nicolas |1944 |1945 |- |Jesus C. Artero |1945 |1948 |- |Manuel A. Calvo |1948 |1954 |- |Juan M. Santos |1954 |1957 |- |Jose D. Perez |1957 |1965 |- |Juan G. Blas |1965 |1968 |- |Antonio A. Calvo |1968 |1973 |}
{| class="wikitable" |- | colspan="4" align=center|'''Mayor of Yigo''' |- ! Name ! Party ! Term begin ! Term end |- |Antonio A. Calvo |style="background-color: #FFB6B6"; rowspan="3"|Republican |January 1, 1973 |January 5, 1981 |- |David G. Blas |January 5, 1981 |September 6, 1988 |- |Jesus P. Cruz ''(acting)'' |September 6, 1988 |January 2, 1989 |- |John F. Blas |style="background-color: #B0CEFF"; |Democratic |January 2, 1989 |January 4, 1993 |- |Edward C. Artero |style="background-color: #FFB6B6"; |Republican |January 4, 1993 |January 6, 1997 |- |Robert "Bob" S. Lizama |style="background-color: #B0CEFF"; |Democratic |January 6, 1997 |January 7, 2013 |- |Rudy M. Matanane |style="background-color: #FFB6B6"; rowspan="2"|Republican |January 7, 2013 |January 4, 2021 |- |Anthony "Tony" P. Sanchez |January 4, 2021 |January 4, 2025 |- |Frances S. Lizama |style="background-color: #B0CEFF"; |Democratic |January 4, 2025 |present |}
{| class="wikitable" |- | colspan="4" align=center|'''Vice Mayor of Yigo''' |- ! Name ! Party ! Term begins ! Term end |- |Ronald J. Flores |style="background-color: #B0CEFF"; | Democratic |January 5, 2009 |January 7, 2013 |- |Anthony "Tony" P. Sanchez |style="background-color: #FFB6B6"; rowspan="2"| Republican |January 7, 2013 |January 4, 2021 |- |Loreto V. Leones |January 4, 2021 |January 4, 2025 |- |Pedro S. Blas |style="background-color: #B0CEFF"; | Democratic |January 6, 2025 |present |}
== Demographics == {{US Census population |align=left |1960=7682 |1970=11542 |1980=10359 |1990=14213 |2000=19474 |2010=20539 |2020=19339 |footnote=Source:<ref name=census2020/> }} {{clear left}}
The U.S. Census Bureau has the municipality in multiple census-designated places: Andersen Air Force Base,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st66_gu/place/p6607900_andersen_afb/DC10BLK_P6607900_001.pdf|title=2010 census - census block map: Andersen AFB CDP, GU|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=2020-10-09}}</ref> Anao,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st66_gu/place/p6607600_anao/DC10BLK_P6607600_001.pdf|title=2010 census - census block map: Anao CDP, GU|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=2020-10-09}} - See "Yigo muny"</ref> Chaguian,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st66_gu/place/p6624500_chaguian/DC10BLK_P6624500_001.pdf|title=2010 census - census block map: Chaguian CDP, GU|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=2020-10-09}} - See "Yigo muny"</ref> Mataguac,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st66_gu/place/p6647800_mataguac/DC10BLK_P6647800_001.pdf|title=2010 census - census block map: Mataguac CDP, GU|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=2020-10-09}} - See "Yigo muny"</ref> North Gayinero,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st66_gu/place/p6653000_north_gayinero/DC10BLK_P6653000_001.pdf|title=2010 census - census block map: North Gayinero CDP, GU|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=2020-10-09}} - See "Yigo muny"</ref> and South Gayinero.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st66_gu/place/p6666800_south_gayinero/DC10BLK_P6666800_001.pdf|title=2010 census - census block map: South Gayinero CDP, GU|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=2020-10-09}} - See "Yigo muny"</ref>
== See also == * Villages of Guam
== References == {{Reflist}}
== Further reading == * Rogers, Robert F. (1995). ''Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam''. University of Hawai'i Press. {{ISBN|0-8248-1678-1}}.
==External links== * [https://guamportal.com/villages/yigo-guam Yigo Guam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250202132022/https://guamportal.com/villages/yigo-guam |date=2025-02-02 }} at Guam Portal * [https://archive.today/20130125025054/http://www.guampdn.com/communities/maps/yigo.html Yigo Map from PDN] * [http://www.guampdn.com/communities/maps/index.html PDN Village Maps] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121208173537/http://www.guampdn.com/communities/maps/index.html |date=2012-12-08 }} * {{statoids|id=ugu|title=Municipalities of Guam}} {{Yigo, Guam}} {{Guam}}
{{coord|13|32|04|N|144|53|08|E|type:city_region:US-GU|display=title}}
Category:Yigo, Guam