{{Infobox military structure | name = Yeni-Kale | native_name = Yenikale | partof = | location = [[Crimea]] | image = Yeni-Kale fortress, Kerch.jpg | caption = Yeni-Kale's tower | map_type = Crimea | module = {{Infobox historic site |embed = yes |designation1 = UKRAINE NATIONAL |designation1_offname = {{Lang|uk|Фортеця Ені-Кале}} (''Yeni-Kale fortress'') |designation1_type = Architecture |designation1_number = 010051}} | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = Location on Europe map | type = | coordinates = {{coord|45|20|57|N|36|36|17|E|region:UA_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | code = | built = {{Start date|1706}} | builder = Goloppo | materials = Stone | height = | used = | demolished = | condition = ruins | ownership = | open_to_public = yes | controlledby = | garrison = | current_commander = | commanders = | occupants = | battles = | events = | image2 = | caption2 = }} '''Yeni-Kale''' ({{langx|uk|Єні-Кале}}; {{langx|ru|Еникале}}; {{langx|tr|Yenikale}}; {{langx|crh|Yeñi Qale}}, also spelled as ''Yenikale'' and ''Eni-Kale'' and ''Yeni-Kaleh'' or ''Yéni-Kaleb'') is a [[fortress]] located on the shore of [[Kerch Strait]] in the city of [[Kerch]].
==History== In the ancient period in this area was the ancient Greek town of [[Myrmekion]] and many ancient remains have been found.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DM%3Aentry+group%3D15%3Aentry%3Dmyrmecium-geo Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Myrmecium]</ref><ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0239:book=7:chapter=4&highlight=myrmecium#note-link24 Strabo, Geography, note 24]</ref>
Yeni-Kale was built by [[Ottoman Turks]] in 1699–1706 on the [[Kerch peninsula]] that belonged to the [[Crimean Khanate]]. The name ''Yenikale'' means ''New Castle'' in [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (''yeni'' - new, ''kale'' - castle). The fortress was built under the guidance of [[Goloppo]], who was an [[Italian people|Italian]] convert to [[Islam]]. Several [[France|French]] engineers also took part in the construction.<ref>[http://info.crimea-portal.gov.ua/infocrimea/represent?menuid=63&docid=88&lang=ru "Крепость Еникале", Тематический сайт Крым]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Yeni-Kale was armed with powerful [[cannon]]s and took an important strategical place on the coast of [[Kerch Strait]]. The fortress occupied area of 25,000 m<sup>2</sup> and had two powder-magazines, arsenal, water reservoir, living houses, [[Public bathing|bath-house]] and [[mosque]]. About 800 Turkish and 300 [[Crimean Tatars|Crimean Tatar]] soldiers were garrisoned in Yeni-Kale. The weak spot of the fortress was a lack of [[drinking water]] in the area, so an underground water-pipe was made to bring water from a source located several kilometres away from the fortress. Yeni-Kale also served as a residence of the [[pasha]].
During [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)|the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774]] the Russian Army invaded [[Crimea]] in the summer of 1771. Though reinforcements from the [[Ottoman Empire]] had arrived beforehand, the Turks decided to abandon Yeni-Kale. Russian units under command of general [[Nikolay Vladimirovich Borzov|Nikolay Borzov]] entered the fortress on 21 June 1771.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kerch.com.ua/articleview.aspx?id=955 |title="Крепость Ени-Кале", www.kerch.com.ua |access-date=31 January 2011 |archive-date=27 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927020625/http://www.kerch.com.ua/articleview.aspx?id=955 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abaza Muhammad Pasha who was a commandant of Yeni-Kale fled to [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinop]] and the [[sultan]] sentenced him to death for the number of military failures.
After the [[Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca]] in 1774, [[Kerch]] and the fortress of Yeni-Kale were ceded to Russia. The fortress became a part of the Kerch-Yenikale city municipality of the [[Taurida Governorate]].
In the 19th century the fortress was used by Russians as a [[military hospital]]. Since the 1880s Yeni-Kale was completely deserted.
Today ruins of Yeni-Kale are often visited by tourists. The neighboring district of [[Kerch]] also is named Yeni-Kale.
== Gallery == <gallery widths="180" heights="120"> File: Yenikale fortress in Kerch.jpg|Yenikale fortress in [[Kerch]].[[Crimea]], [[Ukraine]] Image:Eni Kale.jpg|Southern gate of Yeni-Kale Image:Kerch Enikale Upper.sea.jpg|Yeni-Kale's northern wall Image:Kerch Enikale Sea.sea.jpg|Yeni-Kale, coast side Image:Крепость Ени Кале в Керчи.jpg|Turkish fortress File:Yenikale Eastern Gate.jpg|Eastern Gate
</gallery>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{commons category|Yeni-Kale}} * [http://www.ukraine.com/castles/yenikale-fortress/ Yenikale Fortress, Castles in Ukraine]
{{Tourist attractions in Crimea}}{{Castles in Ukraine}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kerch]] [[Category:Ottoman fortifications]] [[Category:18th century in the Crimean Khanate]] [[Category:Castles in Ukraine]] [[Category:Government buildings completed in 1706]] [[Category:Military installations established in the 1700s]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Crimea]] [[Category:Forts in Ukraine]] [[Category:1706 establishments in the Ottoman Empire]] [[Category:1706 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:18th-century establishments in Ukraine]] [[Category:Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Crimea]]