{{Infobox custom computer | Image = File:NSF-supported Research Facilities (15947776872).jpg | Caption = Yellowstone in 2014 | Dates = 2012-2017 | Operators = | Sponsors = | Location = | Architecture = x86 ([[iDataPlex]]) | Memory = 145 [[terabytes]] | Storage = 320 petabytes (storage){{br}} 36.4 petabytes (online) | Speed = 1.5 [[petaflops]] | OS = | Power = | Space = | Cost = | ChartName = | ChartPosition = | ChartDate = | Purpose = | Legacy = | Emulators = | Website = | Sources = }}

'''Yellowstone'''<ref name="ysenv">[http://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/resources/yellowstone "Yellowstone"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221183745/http://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/resources/yellowstone |date=2015-12-21 }}, NCAR Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) website: Resources. Retrieved 2012-06-12.</ref> was the inaugural [[supercomputer]] at the [[NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center]]<ref>[http://www2.ucar.edu/news/ncar-wyoming-supercomputing-center-fact "NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center Fact Sheet"], University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) website, Retrieved 2012-06-12.</ref> (NWSC) in [[Cheyenne, Wyoming]]. It was installed, tested, and readied for production in the summer of 2012.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120204001326/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/35946.wss NCAR Advances Weather Research Capabilities With IBM Supercomputing Technology], IBM News Release, 08 Nov 2011.</ref> The Yellowstone supercomputing cluster was decommissioned on December 31, 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailyb.cisl.ucar.edu/bulletins/yellowstone-be-decommissioned-december-31|title=Yellowstone to be decommissioned December 31 {{!}} Computational & Information Systems Laboratory|website=dailyb.cisl.ucar.edu|access-date=2018-01-19}}</ref> being replaced by its successor [[Cheyenne (supercomputer)|Cheyenne]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wired.com/2017/03/put-supercomputer-wyoming/ |title= Why You Should Put Your Supercomputer in Wyoming|last=Scoles |first=Sarah |date=31 March 2017|website=Wired.com |publisher=Wired |access-date=6 October 2018 |quote=}}</ref>

Yellowstone was a highly capable [[petascale]] system designed for conducting breakthrough scientific research in the interdisciplinary field of [[Earth system science]]. Scientists used the computer and its associated resources to model and analyze complex processes in the atmosphere, oceans, ice caps, and throughout the Earth system, accelerating scientific research in climate change, severe weather, geomagnetic storms, [[carbon sequestration]], aviation safety, wildfires, and many other topics.<ref name="glade">[http://www2.ucar.edu/atmosnews/news/5662/ncar-selects-ibm-key-components-new-supercomputing-center NCAR Selects IBM for Key Components of New Supercomputing Center], ''NCAR/UCAR AtmosNews'', 7 November 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/resources/yellowstone/science Yellowstone, NWSC science impact] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221225814/http://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/resources/yellowstone/science |date=2015-12-21 }}, NCAR Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) website: Resources. Retrieved 2012-06-12.</ref> Funded by the [[National Science Foundation]] and the [[Wyoming|State]] and [[University of Wyoming]], and operated by the [[National Center for Atmospheric Research]], Yellowstone's purpose was to improve the predictive power of Earth system science simulation to benefit decision-making and planning for society.<ref>[http://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/sites/default/files/NWSC_Science_Objectives.pdf The NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center Science Justification] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513132016/http://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/sites/default/files/NWSC_Science_Objectives.pdf |date=2017-05-13 }}, Proposal to The National Science Foundation by The National Center for Atmospheric Research and The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research in partnership with The University and State of Wyoming, 4 September 2009.</ref>

== System description == Yellowstone was a 1.5-[[petaflops]] IBM iDataPlex cluster computer with 4,536 dual-socket compute [[Locale (computer hardware)|nodes]] that contained 9,072, 2.6-GHz Intel Xeon E5-2670 8-core processors (72,576 cores), and its aggregate memory size was 145 [[terabyte]]s.<ref name="specifications">[http://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/resources/yellowstone/hardware System overview, Yellowstone: High-performance computing resource] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207140155/http://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/resources/yellowstone/hardware |date=2013-12-07 }}, NCAR Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) website: Resources. Retrieved 2012-06-12.</ref> The nodes interconnected in a full [[Fat tree|fat tree network]] via a Mellanox FDR [[Infiniband|InfiniBand]] switching fabric.<ref name="specifications" /> System software<ref>[http://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/resources/yellowstone/software Yellowstone Software] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221200111/http://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/resources/yellowstone/software |date=2015-12-21 }}, NCAR Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) website: Resources. Retrieved 2012-06-12.</ref> includes the [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] operating system for Scientific Computing,<ref>[http://www.redhat.com/products/enterprise-linux/scientific-computing/ Red Hat Enterprise Linux For Scientific Computing], Red Hat Products website, Retrieved 2012-06-12.</ref> [[Platform LSF|LSF]] Batch Subsystem and Resource Manager,<ref>[Note that IBM has acquired Platform Computing, Inc., developers of LSF.]</ref> and [[IBM General Parallel File System]] (GPFS).<ref name="specifications" />

Yellowstone was integrated with many other high-performance computing resources in the NWSC. The central feature of this supercomputing architecture was its shared [[Computer file system|file system]] that streamlined science [[workflow]]s by providing computation, analysis, and [[Scientific visualization|visualization]] work spaces common to all resources. This common data storage pool, called the GLobally Accessible Data Environment<ref>[http://nar.ucar.edu/2011/lar/cisl/1214-ncar%E2%80%99s-globally-accessible-data-environment NCAR’s Globally Accessible Data Environment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725232817/http://nar.ucar.edu/2011/lar/cisl/1214-ncar%E2%80%99s-globally-accessible-data-environment |date=2013-07-25 }}, ''FY2011 CISL Annual Report''. '''Note:''' This October 2011 report describes GLADE at NCAR’s Mesa Lab Computing Facility in Boulder, Colorado. The design of GLADE at NWSC in Cheyenne, Wyoming is identical at this level of description.</ref> (GLADE), provides 36.4 [[petabyte]]s of online disk capacity shared by the supercomputer, two [[data analysis]] and visualization (DAV) cluster computers (Geyser and Caldera),<ref name="specifications" /> data servers for both local and remote users, and a data [[Archive#Electronic_archiving|archive]] with the capacity to store 320 petabytes of research data. High-speed [[Computer network|networks]] connect this Yellowstone environment to science gateways,<ref>[http://nar.ucar.edu/2011/lar/cisl/1304-science-gateway-services Science gateway services] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726024932/https://nar.ucar.edu/2011/lar/cisl/1304-science-gateway-services |date=2013-07-26 }}, ''FY2011 CISL Annual Report''.</ref> data transfer services, remote visualization resources, [[Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment]] (XSEDE) sites, and partner sites around the world.

This integration of computing resources, file systems, data storage, and broadband networks allowed scientists to simulate future geophysical scenarios at high resolution, then analyze and visualize them on one computing complex.<ref>[http://www.hpcwire.com/hpcwire/2011-11-07/ncar_to_install_1.6_petaflop_ibm_supercomputer.html NCAR to Install 1.6 Petaflop IBM Supercomputer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114031315/http://www.hpcwire.com/hpcwire/2011-11-07/ncar_to_install_1.6_petaflop_ibm_supercomputer.html |date=2012-01-14 }}, ''HPCwire'', November 07, 2011.</ref> This improves scientific productivity<ref name="glade" /> by avoiding the delays associated with moving large quantities of data between separate systems. Further, this reduces the volume of data that needs to be transferred to researchers at their home institutions. The Yellowstone environment at NWSC makes more than 600 million processor-hours available each year to researchers in the Earth system sciences.<ref>[http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/blogs/news/entry/ncar_s_next_supercomputer_yellowstone NCAR's next supercomputer: Yellowstone], ''News@Unidata'', 22 November 2011.</ref>

== See also == * [[Supercomputer architecture]] * [[Supercomputer operating systems]]

== References == <references />

== External links == * [http://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/resources/yellowstone "Yellowstone"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221183745/http://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/resources/yellowstone |date=2015-12-21 }} * [http://trib.com/news/state-and-regional/wyoming-supercomputer-moves-in/article_f0ff6bfd-c648-54b9-8681-af92d0492fd0.html "Wyoming supercomputer moves in"] * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/supercomputer-will-help-researchers-map-climate-change-down-to-the-local-level/2012/05/28/gJQAv7S9wU_story.html "Supercomputer will help researchers map climate change down to the local level"] * [http://insidehpc.com/2012/05/30/yellowstone-super-first-to-crunch-local-climate-models/ "Yellowstone Super First to Crunch Local Climate Models"] * [http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/management/SSC/Presentations/yellowstone.pdf "NCAR's Data-Centric Supercomputing Environment: Yellowstone"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327124832/http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/management/SSC/Presentations/yellowstone.pdf |date=2012-03-27 }} * [http://www.informationweek.com/news/government/enterprise-architecture/231902606 "IBM Yellowstone Supercomputer To Study Climate Change"] * [http://news.softpedia.com/news/IBM-Installs-Sandy-Bridge-EP-Supercomputer-for-NCAR-233194.shtml "IBM Installs Sandy Bridge EP Supercomputer for NCAR"] * [http://www.bcbr.com/article.asp?id=60718 "IBM working on NCAR supercomputer."] * [https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/11/10/ncar_yellowstone_super_ibm/ "U.S. weather boffins tap IBM for 1.6 petaflops super"] * [http://nwsc.ucar.edu "NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center website"] * [http://www2.ucar.edu/news/ncar-wyoming-supercomputing-center-fact "NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center Fact Sheet"] * [http://www.uwyo.edu/nwsc/index.html "NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center - UW website"]

[[Category:X86 supercomputers]] [[Category:IBM supercomputers]] [[Category:iDataPlex supercomputers]]