{{Short description|Kibbutz in central Israel}} {{Infobox Kibbutz | name = Yakum | image = File:Entrance to Kibbutz Yakum.jpg | caption = Kibbutz entrance | hebname= {{Script/Hebrew|יָקוּם}} | foundation = 1938 | founded_by = German Jewish refugees | district = center | council = Hof HaSharon | affiliation = Kibbutz Movement | popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}} | population = {{Israel populations|Yaqum}} | population_footnotes={{Israel populations|reference}} | pushpin_map=Israel center ta |pushpin_mapsize=250 | coordinates = {{coord|32|14|51|N|34|50|33|E|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|http://www.yakum.co.il}} }}
'''Yakum''' ({{langx|he|יָקוּם}}, lit. "He (The People)<ref>Jewish Villages in Israel, (Jewish National Fund) Jerusalem 1949, p.180</ref> shall rise") is a kibbutz in central Israel. Located in the central part of the Israeli coastal plain, about 30 km north of Tel Aviv, and only 5 km from the southern suburbs of Netanya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaSharon Regional Council. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Yaqum}}.{{Israel populations|reference}}
==History== thumb|Yakum. 11 March 1947
The region of Yakum lies in the historic Sharon plain, once covered by the extensive oak woodlands of al-Ghaba. Until the 20th century it formed part of the lands of the Palestinian village Khirbat al-Zababida, whose residents cultivated cereals, olives, and orchards on the fertile soils near Wadi Falik.<ref>{{cite book|last=Khalidi|first=Walid|authorlink=Walid Khalidi|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|year=1992|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies|page=567|isbn=0-88728-224-5}}</ref> In the late Ottoman and Mandate periods, intensification of agriculture and settlement led to deforestation and land-use changes in the Sharon region.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marom |first=Roy |date=2022-12-01 |title=The Oak Forest of the Sharon (al-Ghaba) in the Ottoman Period: New Insights from Historical-Geographical Studies |url=https://www.academia.edu/93207554 |journal=Muse |volume=5 |pages=90–107}}</ref>
In 1934 a group of young German immigrants, many of them Jewish refugees from Nazism, gathered at Ein Harod to form the nucleus of a future kibbutz. In 1938 the group organized as '''Kibbutz Eretz-Israel Dalet''' in Hadera, though without a permanent land allocation.<ref name=hist>[http://www.yakum.co.il/YakumHistory.asp Some History] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20010223100716/http://www.yakum.co.il/YakumHistory.asp |date=2001-02-23 }} Yakum</ref> During the 1930s–1940s, they were joined by groups of immigrants from Germany, Hungary, and Poland, who trained in agricultural work at settlements in the Galilee such as Yavne'el.<ref>{{cite book|last=Near|first=Henry|title=The Kibbutz Movement: A History, Volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1997|pages=142–144|isbn=9780198279952}}</ref>
In 1947 land was allocated near Wadi Falik, on the former lands of Khirbat al-Zababida, and the kibbutz was formally established at its current location. The Central Naming Committee chose the name "Yakum", which the members initially opposed, but their appeal was rejected.<ref name=hist />
During the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, Yakum members were involved in defense and clandestine arms production. A small underground workshop produced parts for Sten guns, supplying the Haganah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gelber|first=Yoav|title=Palestine 1948: War, Escape and the Emergence of the Palestinian Refugee Problem|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|year=2006|pages=118–119|isbn=9781845190752}}</ref>
==Economy== In its early years Yakum depended on citrus groves, dairy cattle, field crops, and mining of local "zif-zif" sands used in construction.<ref name=hist /> Agriculture remained central until 1964, when the kibbutz established its first plastics factory, "Plastiv", marking the start of industrial diversification.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.matimop.org.il/newrdinf/company/c1482.htm |title=Plastiv Yakum |access-date=2008-01-17 |archive-date=2008-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807223231/http://www.matimop.org.il/newrdinf/company/c1482.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
By the 1970s–1980s Yakum had signed contracts with international firms such as Reid Plastics and Elopak for manufacturing plastic containers and caps. From the 1990s the kibbutz underwent privatization, shifting toward real estate and service industries.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rosner|first=Menachem|title=Privatization of the Kibbutz|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=2012|pages=90–92|isbn=9781412846165}}</ref>
Today Yakum’s economy is based on industry, commercial ventures, and leasing of land for projects such as the Europark business complex, while many members also work in external companies.
==Culture and education== Yakum hosts the '''Yad Recha Freier Cultural Center''', named after Recha Freier, founder of the Youth Aliyah movement. The center serves as a venue for concerts, theater, and educational programs, and houses the Youth Aliyah Orchestra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Segev|first=Tom|title=The Seventh Million: The Israelis and the Holocaust|publisher=Hill and Wang|year=1993|pages=210–211|isbn=9780805037037}}</ref>
==Volunteers== Since the late 1960s Yakum has hosted thousands of international volunteers, especially from Europe and Latin America. Many volunteers formed lasting ties with kibbutz members, and some settled permanently, reflecting the kibbutz movement’s role in cultural exchange and solidarity with foreign youth movements.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ben-Rafael|first=Eliezer|title=Crisis and Transformation: The Kibbutz at Century's End|publisher=SUNY Press|year=1997|pages=167–169|isbn=9780791433352}}</ref>
==Notable people== * Zvi Eckstein, economist and former Deputy Governor of the Bank of Israel.
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *{{Official|http://www.yakum.co.il/}} {{in lang|he}}
{{Hof HaSharon Regional Council}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Kibbutzim Category:Kibbutz Movement Category:Privatized kibbutzim Category:Populated places established in 1947 Category:1947 establishments in Mandatory Palestine Category:Populated places in Central District (Israel) Category:German-Jewish culture in Israel