{{Short description|Qing dynasty politician (1830–1903)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}} {{family name hatnote|[[Xu (surname 許)|Xu]]|lang=Chinese}} [[File:许应骙.jpg|thumb|Xu Yingkui]]
First-rank court official<ref name=":2" /> '''Xu Yingkui''' ({{zh|t=許應騤|w='''Hsu Ying-k'uei'''}}, 1830–1903<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wr41DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56 |title=被誤認的老照片|last=Chen|first=Huangshun|publisher=香港中和出版有限公司|year=2017|isbn=9789888466030|location=Hongkong|pages=56}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUoJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA346 |title=Science and Technology in Modern China, 1880s-1940s|publisher=BRILL|year=2014|isbn=9789004268784|editor-last=Elman|editor-first=Benjamin|edition=reprint|pages=346}}</ref>), courtesy names '''Jun'an''' (筠庵) and '''Changde''' (昌德), was a 19th-century [[Qing dynasty]] politician who served as [[Viceroy of Min-Zhe]], Governor of [[Fuzhou]] and General of [[Fujian]] from 1898 to 1903.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://npmhost.npm.gov.tw/ttscgi2/ttsquery?0:0:npmauac:TM%3D%B3%5C%C0%B3%F3%B8|title=許應騤 基本資料|website=National Palace Museum|access-date=26 May 2018|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608134624/http://npmhost.npm.gov.tw/ttscgi2/ttsquery?0:0:npmauac:TM%3D%B3%5C%C0%B3%F3%B8|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://fass.net.cn/xs/5596.html|title=从 三 都 澳 到 鼓 浪 屿———闽浙总督许应骙涉外政务观考论|last1=Xiong|first1=Qiuliang|last2=Li|first2=Yu|date=November 2014|website=Fujian Academy of Social Sciences|access-date=26 May 2018|archive-date=27 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527023833/http://fass.net.cn/xs/5596.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was one of the two Chinese representatives who signed the [[Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory]], the other being [[Li Hongzhang]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VJbsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 |title=簡明香港史（第三版）|last=Liu|first=ShuYong|publisher=Joint Publishing (Hong Kong)|year=2016|isbn=9789620440168|location=Hongkong|pages=35}}</ref> During [[Kang Youwei]]'s [[Hundred Days' Reform]], Xu opposed the reform and personally filed a complaint against Kang's conduct and political orientations.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zr41DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA371 |title=中國近代史|last=Chen|first=Gonglu|publisher=香港中和出版有限公司|year=2017|isbn=9789888466184|location=Hongkong|pages=371–372}}</ref>
== Family == [[File:許應騤書.png|thumb|[[Antithetical couplet]] by Xu Yingkui as a gift for his friend ]] Xu was born in a prestigious gentry family from [[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]] province, historically Panyu county of Guangzhou prefecture.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.singtao.ca/toronto/2011-11-26/china1322299970d3562012.html|title=「近代廣州第一家族」故事將亮相香港許氏文物展呈現家國夢|date=26 November 2011|work=Sing Tao Daily|access-date=26 May 2018|archive-date=27 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527023133/http://news.singtao.ca/toronto/2011-11-26/china1322299970d3562012.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> His grandfather [[Xu Baiting]] was a salt trader who acquired the status of [[Scholar-official|gentry]] with the grace of the [[Jiaqing Emperor]]. His uncle [[Xu Xiangguang]] supported and financed Hong Kong's military resistance against the British empire as well as the construction of [[Kowloon Walled City]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.umag.hku.hk/en/exhibition_detail.php?id=433244|title=Virtuous heritage: Xu family of Guangzhou Mandarins, Revolutionaires, Educators and Scientists|website=University of Hongkong|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=27 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527201943/http://www.umag.hku.hk/en/exhibition_detail.php?id=433244|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mediachinese.com/node/42307|title=廣州第一家族望收復"失地"|date=20 November 2011|work=Ming Pao|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref>
Hong Kong actor [[Benz Hui]] was one of Xu Yingkui's great grandsons.<ref>{{cite news |title=Benz Hui, 76, passes away; TVB veteran from prominent family |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/hk-and-china-showbiz/article/315296/Benz-Hui-76-passes-away-TVB-veteran-from-prominent-family |work=The Standard |date=28 Oct 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
== Viceroy of Min-Zhe == During the [[Boxer Rebellion]], Xu was the viceroy of Minzhe. Xu, along with Li Hongzhang, viceroy of Liangguang, [[Liu Kunyi]], viceroy of Liangjiang, [[Zhang Zhidong]], viceroy of Huguang, [[Sheng Xuanhuai]], director of the [[Court of Judicature and Revision]], and [[Yuan Shikai]], governor of [[Shandong]], signed the [[Mutual Protection of Southeast China]] agreement, openly defying the proclamation of war declared by the imperial court in Beijing against Britain, the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Russia, with the aim of preserving peace in their provinces.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-kAYtGDkMEwC&q=%E8%A8%B1%E6%87%89%E9%A8%A4+%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97|title=日光之下:蘇慧廉和他的時代 |last=Shen|first=Jia|publisher=新銳文創|year=2012|isbn=9789865915261|pages=168}}</ref>
As a viceroy, Xu Yingkui was aware of the weaknesses of China when it faces the outer world. He accepted the suggestion of an American diplomat and established the [[Gulangyu]] International Settlement. Under the circumstances of a potential Japanese occupation of the island of Gulangyu, Xu started negotiations with the British who were interested in the military value of Gulangyu. To counterbalance the Japanese, Xu was willing to yield the island as an international public settlement. The British government wanted complete separation of the island from Chinese administration, whereas China hoped to maintain nominal sovereignty of the island. The disagreement was eventually taken to the viceroy. Xu waived the sovereignty conditionally, obliging every country which partook in the settlement to provide military protection for the city of [[Xiamen]]. The Qing imperial court reviewed his proposal and deleted the article concerning Xiamen, fearing it would open the gates of Xiamen to the foreign powers. On 10 January 1902, the constitution of Gulangyu International Settlement was signed by China, Japan, Britain, the U.S., Germany, France, Spain, Netherlands, Sweden and Norway.<ref name=":1" />
After his retirement, Xu intended to construct a large and luxurious private garden in Guangzhou but died before the plan was carried out.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vO27AAAAIAAJ&q=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%90%8E%E4%B9%90%E5%9B%AD|title=廣州高第街許氏家族|publisher=People's publishing house of Guangdong|year=1992|isbn=7-218-00993-X|editor-last=Li|editor-first=Tingxian|location=Guangzhou|pages=7}}</ref>
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Xu, Yingkui}} [[Category:1830 births]] [[Category:1903 deaths]] [[Category:Politicians from Guangzhou]] [[Category:Ministers of Zongli Yamen]]